{"id":1311,"date":"2016-03-09T22:34:26","date_gmt":"2016-03-09T22:34:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=1311"},"modified":"2016-03-09T22:34:26","modified_gmt":"2016-03-09T22:34:26","slug":"ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/","title":{"rendered":"#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj, aneb Co \u010dek\u00e1 krymsk\u00e1 muzea?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0\u00fanoru jsem si v\u0161imla hashtagu na Twitteru, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno v\u00edce hashtag\u016f: #<\/strong>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f\u0426\u0435\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439 <\/strong>(#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj), #RussiaIsAThief, #<\/strong>\u0415\u0440\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0412\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0412\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435 <\/strong>(#Ermit\u00e1\u017eiVra\u0165Nakraden\u00e9). Zamyslela jsem se: kolik ukrajinsk\u00fdch vz\u00e1cnost\u00ed ukr\u00fdvaj\u00ed rusk\u00e1 muzea? V\u00fdsledky docela mal\u00e9ho a tak\u0159ka zb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed byly \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee prakticky v\u0161echny starorusk\u00e9 poklady ulo\u017een\u00e9 v\u00a0rusk\u00fdch muze\u00edch byly nalezeny na \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny. V\u00a0Ermit\u00e1\u017ei, Kremelsk\u00e9 zbrojnici, Tre\u0165jakovsk\u00e9 galerii, St\u00e1tn\u00edm historick\u00e9m muzeu a dal\u0161\u00edch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch je ulo\u017eeno obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fdch artefakt\u016f. Jsou to poklady z\u00a0mohyl, mince Vladim\u00edra Monomacha, st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 knihy, fresky z\u00a0katedr\u00e1ly svat\u00e9ho Michaela, z\u00e1stavy Vojska Z\u00e1poro\u017esk\u00e9ho nebo relikvie Hetman\u0161tiny…<\/p>\n

Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ve velk\u00e9m se za\u010daly ukrajinsk\u00e9 poklady do Ruska vyv\u00e1\u017eet v\u00a019.\u00a0stolet\u00ed, po vzniku Archeologick\u00e9 komise, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00eddila vykop\u00e1vky na \u00fazem\u00ed Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a v\u0161echny n\u00e1lezy nechala pos\u00edlat do Petrohradu. Na Ukrajinu se tyto n\u00e1lezy ji\u017e nikdy nevr\u00e1tily, byly v\u0161ak alespo\u0148 zachr\u00e1n\u011bny pro dal\u0161\u00ed generace. Mnohem smutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed osud potkal ty poklady, kter\u00e9 se nedochovaly nejl\u00e9pe nebo nem\u011bly podle numizmatik\u016f z\u00a0metropole velkou hodnotu: byly prost\u011b p\u0159etaveny a pou\u017eity k\u00a0ra\u017eb\u011b oby\u010dejn\u00fdch minc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201ePosv\u00e1tn\u00fd dar na znamen\u00ed bratrstv\u00ed mezi n\u00e1rody\u201c<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ne \u017ee by se Ukrajina nesna\u017eila vr\u00e1tit vlastn\u00ed relikvie zp\u011bt. V\u00a0\u00fanoru 2017 \u010derstv\u011b vznikl\u00e1 v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed rada nastolila ot\u00e1zku navr\u00e1cen\u00ed kulturn\u00edch pam\u00e1tek ze sb\u00edrek Ermit\u00e1\u017ee a dal\u0161\u00edch rusk\u00fdch muze\u00ed. Ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed historikov\u00e9 a \u010dlenov\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed komise zpracovali kompletn\u00ed rejst\u0159\u00edk pam\u00e1tek a v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Rada vyzvala Rusko, aby vr\u00e1tilo v\u0161e, co bylo odvezeno. Z\u00e1hy nato vypukl \u0158\u00edjnov\u00fd p\u0159evrat, \u017e\u00e1dost Ukrajinc\u016f se p\u0159esto neztratila, jak by se dalo \u010dekat.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e za\u010d\u00e1tkem listopadu se Rada lidov\u00fdch komisa\u0159\u016f usnesla, \u017ee nech\u00e1 vr\u00e1tit na Ukrajinu \u201ev\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 trofeje, kter\u00e9 uko\u0159istili Ukrajinc\u016fm Rusov\u00e9, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za Kate\u0159iny\u201c (t\u00edm byly my\u0161leny pouze z\u00e1stavy a ostatn\u00ed relikvie Vojska Z\u00e1poro\u017esk\u00e9ho), toto rozhodnut\u00ed bylo zanedlouho podlo\u017eeno rezoluc\u00ed \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem \u201eO\u00a0p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed trofej\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9mu lidu\u201c. V\u00a0t\u00e9to rezoluci zazn\u011blo provol\u00e1n\u00ed: \u201e\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00fd v\u00fdbor Sov\u011bt\u016f d\u011blnick\u00fdch, vojensk\u00fdch a rolnick\u00fdch zastupitel\u016f v\u00e1m navrac\u00ed trofeje na pam\u00e1tku va\u0161eho slavn\u00e9ho boje za svobodu. N\u00e1rod velkorusk\u00fd a revolu\u010dn\u00ed Petrohrad s\u00a0pozdravem pos\u00edl\u00e1 voln\u00e9mu Kyjevu posv\u00e1tn\u00fd dar na znamen\u00ed bratrstv\u00ed mezi na\u0161imi n\u00e1rody\u201c.<\/p>\n

Jakoby nesta\u010dilo, \u017ee jako \u201eposv\u00e1tn\u00fd dar\u201c ozna\u010duje \u00daVK p\u0159edm\u011bty, kter\u00e9 pr\u00e1vem pat\u0159\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b a byly j\u00ed jednodu\u0161e ukradeny. Mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee bol\u0161evici za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed v\u00a0t\u00e9\u017ee rezoluci hledat skuliny, jak vlastn\u00ed sliby poru\u0161it. Pod z\u00e1minkou, \u017ee se Kyjev neobr\u00e1til na bol\u0161evick\u00e9 mocensk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny, ale je\u0161t\u011b na \u00dastavod\u00e1rn\u00fd sn\u011bm, a z\u00a0d\u016fvodu \u201ehrub\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu, jak z\u00e1stupci Rady n\u00e1sledn\u011b jednali s\u00a0lidov\u00fdmi komisa\u0159i\u201c, bylo navr\u017eeno jedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eo\u00a0lh\u016ft\u011b a zp\u016fsobu p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed relikvi\u00ed\u201c prodlou\u017eit. Vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se prot\u00e1hlo na dlouh\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se z\u00a0podn\u011btu rusk\u00e9 strany opakovan\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161ovalo a nakonec se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z\u00a0relikvi\u00ed do Kyjeva nikdy nevr\u00e1tila.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu cel\u00e9 Ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a\u017e do za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed zubo\u017een\u00e9 Ukrajiny do SSSR p\u0159itom v\u00fdvoz pam\u00e1tek do Moskvy trval. Po vzniku Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu pak z\u00edskala tato zlod\u011bjna ji\u017e \u201elegitimn\u00ed\u201c zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00a01930.\u00a0letech se USSR znovu pokusila o\u00a0navr\u00e1cen\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch relikvi\u00ed, ukrajinsk\u00e9 poklady v\u0161ak m\u011bly pro Rusko p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam, umo\u017e\u0148ovaly toti\u017e sov\u011btsk\u00fdm ideolog\u016fm prezentovat Rusko jako n\u00e1stupce Rusi, o\u00a0obrovsk\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 hodnot\u011b artefakt\u016f ani nemluv\u011b. Moskva nejen\u017ee ignorovala \u017e\u00e1dosti z\u00a0Kyjeva, ale st\u00e1le drancovala sb\u00edrky Kyjevskope\u010dersk\u00e9 l\u00e1vry, muze\u00ed a knihoven; do Ruska se vyv\u00e1\u017eely koz\u00e1ck\u00e9 klenoty, korouhve, bulavy nebo zbran\u011b…<\/p>\n

Dost \u010dasto se pou\u017e\u00edval jednoduch\u00fd trik, kdy byly artefakty \u00fadajn\u011b zap\u016fj\u010deny na celost\u00e1tn\u00ed v\u00fdstavu a n\u00e1sledn\u011b za\u0159azeny do muzejn\u00edch sb\u00edrek v\u00a0RSFSR. Pr\u00e1v\u011b takto se v\u00a0roce 1939 dostaly do Ermit\u00e1\u017ee unik\u00e1tn\u00ed skvosty ze Lvovsk\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho muzea nalezen\u00e9 v\u00a019.\u00a0stolet\u00ed v\u00a0Ternopilsk\u00e9 oblasti. Tomuto pokladu se zlat\u00fdmi \u0161perky z\u00a08. a\u017e 7.\u00a0stol. p\u0159. n.\u00a0l. (o\u00a0celkov\u00e9 hmotnosti cca 7\u00a0kg) se nevyrovnalo nic v\u00a0cel\u00e9m Karpatsko-dunajsk\u00e9m po\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Adam a Eva. Diptych. Lucas Cranach star\u0161\u00ed (1528)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Mnoho artefakt\u016f ulo\u017een\u00fdch v\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch muze\u00edch prodal Kreml na Z\u00e1pad, aby z\u00edskal tvrdou m\u011bnu pro industrializaci. Tento osud potkal nap\u0159. diptych od Lucase Cranacha star\u0161\u00edho \u201eAdam a Eva\u201c (1528), kter\u00fd byl objeven v\u00a0L\u00e1v\u0159e v\u00a0roce 1929. St\u00e1t za n\u011bj z\u00edskal 10\u00a0tis\u00edc dolar\u016f. Tento diptych vyst\u0159\u00eddal n\u011bkolik majitel\u016f v\u010detn\u011b Hermanna G\u00f6ringa, dnes je vystaven v\u00a0Norton Simon Museum v\u00a0kalifornsk\u00e9 Pasaden\u011b a jeho odhadn\u00ed hodnota se vy\u0161plhala na 30\u00a0mil. USD.<\/p>\n

Pro pot\u0159eby industrializace byla prod\u00e1na za 3\u00a0tis\u00edce dolar\u016f i carsk\u00e1 vrata kostela Pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sv.\u00a0K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee v\u00a0L\u00e1v\u0159e, kter\u00e9 zhotovil v\u00a0roce 1784 kyjevsk\u00fd mistr Olexij I\u0161\u010denko. Dnes jsou tato jemn\u011b kovan\u00e1 vrata z\u00a0ryz\u00edho pozlacen\u00e9ho st\u0159\u00edbra vystavena v\u00a0Losangelesk\u00e9m um\u011bleck\u00e9m muzeu.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e za\u010dala Druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, byla \u010d\u00e1st ukrajinsk\u00fdch muzejn\u00edch sb\u00edrek v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdrobk\u016f ze zlata a mistrovsk\u00fdch klenotnick\u00fdch d\u011bl evakuov\u00e1na do Ufy. Jak jist\u011b ch\u00e1pete, takt\u00e9\u017e nen\u00e1vratn\u011b.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0loupen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pokra\u010dovalo i hitlerovsk\u00e9 velen\u00ed. Nacist\u00e9 vyvezly expon\u00e1ty z\u00a0cca 200\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch muze\u00ed v\u00a0Charkov\u011b, Lvov\u011b, Dnipropetrovsku, Poltav\u011b, Sum\u00e1ch nebo Chersonu, celkem p\u0159es 300\u00a0tis\u00edc p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, z\u00a0toho 700\u00a0unik\u00e1tn\u00edch ikon. Po kapitulaci N\u011bmecka bylo mnoho uloupen\u00fdch klenot\u016f navr\u00e1ceno do SSSR, op\u011bt ov\u0161em nikoli na \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny. Nacistick\u00fd lup si p\u0159ivlastnila Moskva.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu 1970. a\u017e 1980.\u00a0let p\u016fsobily na ukrajinsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed archeologick\u00e9 komise rusk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, kter\u00e9 neru\u0161en\u011b vyv\u00e1\u017eely v\u0161echny n\u00e1lezy\u00a0\u2013 pouh\u00fd soupis t\u011bchto p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f je dlouh\u00fd 400\u00a0strojopisn\u00fdch stran. Do rusk\u00fdch muze\u00ed se tak dostaly antick\u00e9 \u0161perky z\u00a0jihu Ukrajiny, skytsk\u00e9 staro\u017eitnosti, starorusk\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky z\u00a0Kyjeva, Hali\u010de, Volodymyra-Volynsk\u00e9ho. Prakticky cel\u00e1 antick\u00e1 sekce Ermit\u00e1\u017ee je zalo\u017eena na n\u00e1lezech z\u00a0Krymu, Mykolajivsk\u00e9 a Chersonsk\u00e9 oblasti, samostatn\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0148 je vy\u010dlen\u011bna pro n\u00e1lezy z\u00a0dothr\u00e1ck\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed ze Zakarpat\u00ed. Pokusy o\u00a0navr\u00e1cen\u00ed expon\u00e1t\u016f k\u00a0ni\u010demu nevedly: moskev\u0161t\u00ed muzejn\u00edci tvrdili, \u017ee ukrajinsk\u00e9 relikvie maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysokou hodnotu na to, aby byly ulo\u017eeny v\u00a0provin\u010dn\u00edch muze\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Za dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed SSSR p\u0159i\u0161la Ukrajina o\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 700\u00a0historick\u00fdch sb\u00edrek. Ji\u017e v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 1991, na prahu samostatnosti, byl u\u00a0obce Kapustyne v\u00a0\u010ceskask\u00e9 oblasti nalezen velk\u00fd poklad minc\u00ed a p\u00e1nsk\u00fd st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd p\u00e1s. N\u00e1lez byl odevzd\u00e1n na okresn\u00edm policejn\u00edm pracovi\u0161ti ve \u0160pole, kde ho v\u0161ak nedok\u00e1zali ocenit a odeslali za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem do Moskvy. Jak jist\u011b ch\u00e1pete, v\u00a0Moskv\u011b poklad u\u017e z\u016fstal, a to i p\u0159es opakovan\u00e9 urgence ze strany \u010cerkask\u00e9ho archeologick\u00e9ho inspektor\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Navr\u00e1cen\u00ed kulturn\u00edch artefakt\u016f je chr\u00e1n\u011bno mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem, na Ukrajinu tak byla po roce 2000 navr\u00e1cena \u0159ada p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f z\u00a0USA, Kanady, N\u011bmecka nebo It\u00e1lie, kter\u00e9 byly vyvezeny hlavn\u011b v\u00a0dob\u011b Druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9. RF se v\u0161ak nic vracet nechyst\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 to i schv\u00e1len\u00fd v\u00a0roce 1998 z\u00e1kon \u010d.\u00a064-FZ, o\u00a0kulturn\u00edch pam\u00e1tk\u00e1ch p\u0159esunut\u00fdch do Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu v\u00a0d\u016fsledku Druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed Rusk\u00e9 federace, na jeho\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u0161echny relikvie, kter\u00e9 se dostaly na rusk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed po v\u00e1lce, tvo\u0159\u00ed rusk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Obrovsk\u00fdmi snahami ukrajinsk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f byly navr\u00e1ceny dva n\u00e1hrobky z\u00a06. a\u017e 7.\u00a0stol. vyvezen\u00e9 v\u00a0roce 1964 z\u00a0Cherson\u00e9su \u201ek\u00a0do\u010dasn\u00e9mu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem v\u00fdstavy v\u00a0Leningrad\u011b\u201c a \u010d\u00e1st fresek z\u00a0katedr\u00e1ly svat\u00e9ho Michaela.<\/p>\n

Uloupen\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny<\/strong><\/h2>\n

V\u00a0rusk\u00fdch muze\u00edch je mnoho pam\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed pro Ukrajinu v\u00edc ne\u017e pouhou kulturn\u00ed hodnotu. Maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam a p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed symboly ukrajinsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti.<\/p>\n

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Kalich Bohdana Chmelnick\u00e9ho na sv\u011bcenou vodu<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zejm\u00e9na sb\u00edrka St\u00e1tn\u00edho historick\u00e9ho muzea obsahuje st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd kalich Bohdana Chmelnick\u00e9ho na sv\u011bcenou vodu. M\u00e1 vyra\u017een\u00fd znak Vojska Z\u00e1poro\u017esk\u00e9ho, hetmanovy inici\u00e1ly a po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edsmena jeho titulu. V\u00a0roce 2002 byla tato relikvie i s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi vystavena v\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed kulturn\u011b historick\u00e9 rezervaci \u010cyhyryn b\u011bhem p\u016flroku a ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci je velice cht\u011bli z\u00edskat zp\u011bt, jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak nep\u0159inesla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek. Z\u00e1stupci St\u00e1tn\u00edho historick\u00e9ho muzea tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee kalichu Bohdana Chmelnick\u00e9ho na sv\u011bcenou vodu \u201epat\u0159ilo, pat\u0159\u00ed a bude pat\u0159it… d\u016fstojn\u00e9 m\u00edsto mezi rusk\u00fdmi pam\u00e1tkami\u201c.<\/p>\n

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Artefakty z mohyly Kul-Oba<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

V\u00a0roce 1830 byl v\u00a0mohyle Kul-Oba u\u00a0Ker\u010de nalezen bohat\u00fd skytsk\u00fd poh\u0159eb ze\u00a04.\u00a0stol.\u00a0p\u0159.\u00a0n.\u00a0l. Podle o\u010dit\u00fdch sv\u011bdk\u016f obsahoval \u201evelk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bronzov\u00fdch, st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch a zlat\u00fdch n\u00e1dob a v\u011bc\u00ed, z\u00a0nich\u017e je \u010d\u00e1st jemn\u011b zpracov\u00e1na a m\u00e1 velkou cenu co do archeologick\u00e9 hodnoty a kvality kovu… Je\u0161t\u011b nikdy nebyl ve zdej\u0161\u00edm kraji u\u010din\u011bn podobn\u00fd objev, pokud jde o\u00a0staro\u017eitnosti\u201c. Ker\u010dsk\u00fd starosta tou\u017eil ponechat bohat\u00fd n\u00e1lez ve m\u011bstsk\u00e9m muzeu a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rok oddaloval p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u00e1tek do Petrohradu. V\u00e1hov\u00e9 kategorie v\u0161ak byly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 odli\u0161n\u00e9, po d\u00e9letrvaj\u00edc\u00ed korespondenci se tak bohat\u00fd n\u00e1lez stal klenotem sb\u00edrky Ermit\u00e1\u017ee, kde je ulo\u017een dodnes.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 amfora z mohyly \u010cortomlyk<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

V\u00a0letech 1862 a\u017e 1863 byla rozkop\u00e1na velk\u00e1 skytsk\u00e1 hrobka z\u00a0konce 4.\u00a0stol.\u00a0p\u0159.\u00a0n.\u00a0l. v\u00a0mohyle \u010cortomlyk u\u00a0Nikopolu (Dnipropetrovsk\u00e1 oblast). Zlat\u00e9 a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 \u0161perky, zbran\u011b a amfora s\u00a0vyobrazen\u00fdmi Skyty na vlysu, jak krot\u00ed divok\u00e9 kon\u011b, jsou pokl\u00e1d\u00e1ny za nejlep\u0161\u00ed exempl\u00e1\u0159e skytsk\u00e9ho zlatnick\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Jsou ulo\u017eeny rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00a0Ermit\u00e1\u017ei.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce 1912 byl u\u00a0obce Mala Pere\u0161\u010depyna 13\u00a0km od Poltavy objeven obrovsk\u00fd poklad obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159es 800\u00a0p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, kdy celkov\u00e1 v\u00e1ha zlat\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f p\u0159es\u00e1hla 25\u00a0kg a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch 50\u00a0kg. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee jde o\u00a0hrobku Kuvrata, zakladatele Velk\u00e9ho Bulharska. Obsah pokladu je ulo\u017een ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed komo\u0159e St\u00e1tn\u00ed Ermit\u00e1\u017ee. \u010c\u00e1st n\u00e1lezu rozkradli vesni\u010dan\u00e9, proslul\u00fd ukrajinsk\u00fd mecen\u00e1\u0161 Bohdan Chanenko tyto p\u0159edm\u011bty n\u00e1sledn\u011b vykoupil na trhu se staro\u017eitnostmi a p\u0159edal kyjevsk\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016fm. I p\u0159es pokus o\u00a0navr\u00e1cen\u00ed v\u00a0roce 1932 z\u016fstal pere\u0161\u010depynsk\u00fd poklad p\u0159ece jen v\u00a0Leningrad\u011b.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Demeter Solu\u0148sk\u00fd. Mozaika z katedr\u00e1ly svat\u00e9ho Michaela<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch expon\u00e1t\u016f Tre\u0165jakovsk\u00e9 galerie se stala mozaika s\u00a0vyobrazen\u00edm Demetera Solu\u0148sk\u00e9ho ze zbouran\u00e9 v\u00a0roce 1937 katedr\u00e1ly svat\u00e9ho Michaela. Samotn\u00e1 katedr\u00e1la byla postavena ji\u017e ve 12.\u00a0stolet\u00ed, v\u00a0p\u0159edmongolsk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, za\u017eila spoustu p\u0159estaveb a m\u011bla obrovsk\u00fd historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. V\u00a0polovin\u011b 1930.\u00a0let v\u0161ak bylo i p\u0159es odpor kunsthistorik\u016f rozhodnuto o\u00a0jej\u00ed demolici. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady umo\u017enily sejmout ze zd\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 fresky a mozaiky a p\u0159esunout je do Sofijsk\u00e9 katedr\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce 1938 Tre\u0165jakovsk\u00e1 galerie po\u017e\u00e1dala, aby j\u00ed byla za \u00fa\u010delem v\u00fdstavy \u201e750\u00a0let Slova o\u00a0pluku Igorov\u011b\u201c na 3\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edce zap\u016fj\u010dena mozaika \u201eDemeter Solu\u0148sk\u00fd\u201c a n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch basreli\u00e9f\u016f a fresek z\u00a012.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. Uplynulo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 80\u00a0let, t\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1p\u016fj\u010dka p\u0159esto st\u00e1le vracena nebyla.<\/p>\n

Vyjmenovat v\u0161echny ukrajinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy vyvezen\u00e9 do Ruska by trvalo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho. Jde t\u0159eba o\u00a0luck\u00e9 Evangelium ulo\u017een\u00e9 v\u00a0Rusk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed knihovn\u011b, o\u00a0bronzov\u00fd kan\u00f3n Ivana Mazepy, o\u00a0n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1stavu z\u00e1poro\u017ec\u016f nebo o\u00a0ned\u00e1vno objeven\u00fd v\u00a0Orenburgu zvon Holub ulit\u00fd na Mazepovu objedn\u00e1vku. N\u00e1dhern\u00e1 isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 sb\u00edrka Bohdana a Varvary Chanenkov\u00fdch byla v\u00a01930.\u00a0letech prost\u011b rozkradena: \u010d\u00e1st artefakt\u016f byla prod\u00e1na za ciz\u00ed m\u011bnu, a to za sm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky, z\u00a0druh\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti se stala chlouba Ermit\u00e1\u017ee. Ukrajina se sna\u017eila tyto klenoty v\u00a01950.\u00a0letech vr\u00e1tit, \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 v\u0161ak nebyla.<\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e9 snahy prezentovat sv\u00e9 d\u011bjiny jako mnohem star\u0161\u00ed se nevyhnuly kuriozit\u00e1m. T\u0159eba jedn\u00edm z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch expon\u00e1t\u016f \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho n\u00e1mo\u0159nick\u00e9ho muzea v\u00a0Petrohrad\u011b se stal tzv. Sabatynivsk\u00fd \u010dlun nalezen\u00fd v\u00a0roce 1937 na dn\u011b Ji\u017en\u00edho Bugu u\u00a0obce Sabatynivka v\u00a0Kirovohradsk\u00e9 oblasti. Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed expozice \u201eD\u011bjiny rusk\u00e9 flotily p\u0159ed rokem 1917\u201c, o\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e se na webu muzea do\u010dteme<\/a>: \u201eD\u011bjiny n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed plavby na rusk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed \u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed nejedno tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. Vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o\u00a0tom starov\u011bk\u00fd vydlaban\u00fd \u010dlun ze sb\u00edrek na\u0161eho muzea, kter\u00fd archeologov\u00e9 datuj\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem I.\u00a0tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem\u201c. Je fakt \u0161ikovn\u00e9, jak ru\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci odvozuj\u00ed d\u011bjiny rusk\u00e9 mo\u0159eplavby od expon\u00e1tu nalezen\u00e9ho na \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny!<\/p>\n

Krymsk\u00e9 sb\u00edrky v\u00a0ohro\u017een\u00ed?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kr\u00e1de\u017ee ukrajinsk\u00fdch historick\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek bohu\u017eel nelze pova\u017eovat za n\u011bco, co pat\u0159\u00ed do minulosti. Dnes, kdy je \u010d\u00e1st na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed okupov\u00e1na, se tento probl\u00e9m op\u011bt dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do pop\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu se nejsp\u00ed\u0161 vybav\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh se skytsk\u00fdm zlatem, kter\u00e9 podle \u201enejpravdiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch\u201c rusk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed Arsenij Jace\u0148uk v\u00a0prvn\u00edch dnech po Majdanu \u00fadajn\u011b vyvezl<\/a> v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed aktovce do Ameriky, patrn\u011b jako osobn\u00ed d\u00e1rek pro Obamu. P\u0159ihl\u00e9dneme-li ke skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee Rusko v\u017edy obvi\u0148uje ostatn\u00ed z\u00a0n\u011b\u010deho, co se chyst\u00e1 ud\u011blat (nebo ji\u017e d\u011bl\u00e1) samo, m\u00e1me ohledn\u011b osudu krymsk\u00fdch sb\u00edrek v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 starosti.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e nejednou se objevily zneklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee se vyv\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed expon\u00e1ty z\u00a0Cherson\u00e9su Taursk\u00e9ho, Sudack\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho muzea nebo \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho taursk\u00e9ho muzea. Krymsk\u00e9 a rusk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady sice reaguj\u00ed ml\u010den\u00edm nebo dementi, n\u011bkter\u00e1 fakta ov\u0161em vzbuzuj\u00ed pochybnosti ohledn\u011b jejich up\u0159\u00edmnosti.<\/p>\n

Zejm\u00e9na na podzim 2015 samotn\u00e1 Ermit\u00e1\u017e anoncovala v\u00fdstavu s\u00a0krymsk\u00fdmi expon\u00e1ty. Na jej\u00edm webu se objevila zpr\u00e1va<\/a> o\u00a0expozici \u201eV\u00a0zemi griffona. Antick\u00e1 archeologie Ermit\u00e1\u017ee na Krymu\u201c obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty ze sb\u00edrek V\u00fdchodokrymsk\u00e9 kulturn\u011b historick\u00e9 muzejn\u00ed rezervace. Ermit\u00e1\u017e se v\u016fbec netaj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0Ker\u010di a jej\u00edm okol\u00ed dnes p\u016fsob\u00ed n\u011bkolik jej\u00edch expedic\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed do muzejn\u00edch sb\u00edrek a\u017e 1000\u00a0n\u00e1lez\u016f za jednu sez\u00f3nu.<\/p>\n

Na \u010dervenec 2016 chyst\u00e1 Tre\u0165jakovsk\u00e1 galerie v\u00fdstavu v\u011bnovanou 200.\u00a0v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed od narozen\u00ed Ajvazovsk\u00e9ho. Jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed bych v\u011b\u0159ila, \u017ee se tato v\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 instituce neuch\u00fdl\u00ed k\u00a0osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdm praktik\u00e1m a nezap\u016fj\u010d\u00ed si \u201ep\u0159echodn\u011b na dobu v\u00fdstavy\u201c obrazy z\u00a0Feodosijsk\u00e9 galerie.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1m obrovsk\u00e9 obavy, \u017ee krymsk\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky budou rozkradeny, vyprod\u00e1ny do soukrom\u00fdch sb\u00edrek nebo se dostanou na \u010dern\u00fd trh. Za \u00fa\u010delem usnadn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto \u00fakolu nyn\u00ed v\u00a0republice prob\u00edh\u00e1 intenzivn\u00ed obm\u011bna veden\u00ed muze\u00ed a samotn\u00e1 muzea m\u011bn\u00ed z\u0159izovatele. V\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti je docela mo\u017en\u00fd tento sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159: rusk\u00e9 a krymsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady za\u010dnou vyd\u00e1vat ok\u00e1zal\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee se z\u00a0t\u011bch nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch krymsk\u00fdch rarit \u00fadajn\u011b vyklubaly pad\u011blky. Obvin\u00ed z\u00a0toho samoz\u0159ejm\u011b Kyjev, kter\u00fd 23\u00a0roky nejen \u201eokr\u00e1dal Krym\u201c, ale tak\u00e9 fal\u0161oval mistrovsk\u00e1 d\u00edla. Tato halasn\u00e1 \u201eodhalen\u00ed\u201c pochopiteln\u011b poslou\u017e\u00ed jako kryt\u00ed pro skute\u010dn\u00e9 kr\u00e1de\u017ee a fal\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdo si ov\u0161em odv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed chytit okupa\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady za ruku? Konformn\u00ed veden\u00ed muze\u00ed to jist\u011b nebude.<\/p>\n

Proto je \u00fakolem Ukrajiny ji\u017e dnes sepsat rejst\u0159\u00edk krymsk\u00fdch expon\u00e1t\u016f a rozeslat upozorn\u011bn\u00ed dra\u017eitel\u016fm: ty nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed auk\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edn\u011b nestoj\u00ed o\u00a0skand\u00e1ly, proto se jen sotva pust\u00ed do prodeje kus\u016f s\u00a0pochybn\u00fdm p\u016fvodem. Tento krok samoz\u0159ejm\u011b sice nezajist\u00ed rychl\u00e9 navr\u00e1cen\u00ed pam\u00e1tek, alespo\u0148 v\u0161ak jejich dr\u017ebu znep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Olena Serhejeva<\/em><\/p>\n

(CC BY) Informace zpracov\u00e1ny speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro web InformNapalm.org, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159evzet\u00ed nebo pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je nutno uv\u00e9st funk\u010dn\u00ed odkaz na autora a na n\u00e1\u0161 projekt.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Origin\u00e1l publikov\u00e1n dne 26.\u00a0\u00fanora 2016<\/p>\n

P\u0159eklad: Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0\u00fanoru jsem si v\u0161imla hashtagu na Twitteru, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno v\u00edce hashtag\u016f: #\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f\u0426\u0435\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439 (#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj), #RussiaIsAThief, #\u0415\u0440\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0412\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0412\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435 (#Ermit\u00e1\u017eiVra\u0165Nakraden\u00e9). Zamyslela…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":1312,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[523,522,516,520],"tags":[631,630],"class_list":["post-1311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analytics","category-crimea","category-all-news","category-misc","tag-kulturni-pamatky","tag-rusko-je-zlodej"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj, aneb Co \u010dek\u00e1 krymsk\u00e1 muzea? - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj, aneb Co \u010dek\u00e1 krymsk\u00e1 muzea? - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V\u00a0\u00fanoru jsem si v\u0161imla hashtagu na Twitteru, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno v\u00edce hashtag\u016f: #\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f\u0426\u0435\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439 (#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj), #RussiaIsAThief, #\u0415\u0440\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0412\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0412\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435 (#Ermit\u00e1\u017eiVra\u0165Nakraden\u00e9). Zamyslela...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-03-09T22:34:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/03\/RuskoJeZlod-j-aneb-Co-ek-krymsk-muzea.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"269\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"svatoslav\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"svatoslav\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"svatoslav\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/df2cf86bd5e35ae01a82d1108d3c5f51\"},\"headline\":\"#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj, aneb Co \u010dek\u00e1 krymsk\u00e1 muzea?\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-03-09T22:34:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/\"},\"wordCount\":3142,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/03\/RuskoJeZlod-j-aneb-Co-ek-krymsk-muzea.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"kulturn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky\",\"Rusko je zlod\u011bj\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Analytika\",\"Krym\",\"Novinky\",\"R\u016fzn\u00e9\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/\",\"name\":\"#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj, aneb Co \u010dek\u00e1 krymsk\u00e1 muzea? 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- InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj, aneb Co \u010dek\u00e1 krymsk\u00e1 muzea? - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)","og_description":"V\u00a0\u00fanoru jsem si v\u0161imla hashtagu na Twitteru, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno v\u00edce hashtag\u016f: #\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f\u0426\u0435\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439 (#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj), #RussiaIsAThief, #\u0415\u0440\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0412\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0412\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435 (#Ermit\u00e1\u017eiVra\u0165Nakraden\u00e9). Zamyslela...","og_url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/","og_site_name":"InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)","article_published_time":"2016-03-09T22:34:26+00:00","og_image":[{"width":600,"height":269,"url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/03\/RuskoJeZlod-j-aneb-Co-ek-krymsk-muzea.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"svatoslav","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"svatoslav","Est. reading time":"15 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/"},"author":{"name":"svatoslav","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/df2cf86bd5e35ae01a82d1108d3c5f51"},"headline":"#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj, aneb Co \u010dek\u00e1 krymsk\u00e1 muzea?","datePublished":"2016-03-09T22:34:26+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/"},"wordCount":3142,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/03\/RuskoJeZlod-j-aneb-Co-ek-krymsk-muzea.jpg","keywords":["kulturn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky","Rusko je zlod\u011bj"],"articleSection":["Analytika","Krym","Novinky","R\u016fzn\u00e9"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/","url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/","name":"#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj, aneb Co \u010dek\u00e1 krymsk\u00e1 muzea? - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/03\/RuskoJeZlod-j-aneb-Co-ek-krymsk-muzea.jpg","datePublished":"2016-03-09T22:34:26+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/df2cf86bd5e35ae01a82d1108d3c5f51"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/03\/RuskoJeZlod-j-aneb-Co-ek-krymsk-muzea.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2016\/03\/RuskoJeZlod-j-aneb-Co-ek-krymsk-muzea.jpg","width":600,"height":269},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruskojezlodej-aneb-co-ceka-krymska-muzea\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj, aneb Co \u010dek\u00e1 krymsk\u00e1 muzea?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/","name":"InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)","description":"Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy z Ukrajiny","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/df2cf86bd5e35ae01a82d1108d3c5f51","name":"svatoslav","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0cc633af9f94c5bc8eca4c7a7bf1e1f390e89d3af1b6a34e2886692888437497?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0cc633af9f94c5bc8eca4c7a7bf1e1f390e89d3af1b6a34e2886692888437497?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"svatoslav"},"url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/author\/svatoslav\/"}]}},"post_src":"<strong>V\u00a0\u00fanoru jsem si v\u0161imla hashtagu na Twitteru, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno v\u00edce hashtag\u016f: #<\/strong><strong>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f\u0426\u0435\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439 <\/strong><strong>(#RuskoJeZlod\u011bj), #RussiaIsAThief, #<\/strong><strong>\u0415\u0440\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0412\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0412\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435 <\/strong><strong>(#Ermit\u00e1\u017eiVra\u0165Nakraden\u00e9). Zamyslela jsem se: kolik ukrajinsk\u00fdch vz\u00e1cnost\u00ed ukr\u00fdvaj\u00ed rusk\u00e1 muzea? V\u00fdsledky docela mal\u00e9ho a tak\u0159ka zb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed byly \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/strong><!--more-->\r\n\r\nUk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee prakticky v\u0161echny starorusk\u00e9 poklady ulo\u017een\u00e9 v\u00a0rusk\u00fdch muze\u00edch byly nalezeny na \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny. V\u00a0Ermit\u00e1\u017ei, Kremelsk\u00e9 zbrojnici, Tre\u0165jakovsk\u00e9 galerii, St\u00e1tn\u00edm historick\u00e9m muzeu a dal\u0161\u00edch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch je ulo\u017eeno obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fdch artefakt\u016f. Jsou to poklady z\u00a0mohyl, mince Vladim\u00edra Monomacha, st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 knihy, fresky z\u00a0katedr\u00e1ly svat\u00e9ho Michaela, z\u00e1stavy Vojska Z\u00e1poro\u017esk\u00e9ho nebo relikvie Hetman\u0161tiny...\r\n\r\nObzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ve velk\u00e9m se za\u010daly ukrajinsk\u00e9 poklady do Ruska vyv\u00e1\u017eet v\u00a019.\u00a0stolet\u00ed, po vzniku Archeologick\u00e9 komise, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00eddila vykop\u00e1vky na \u00fazem\u00ed Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a v\u0161echny n\u00e1lezy nechala pos\u00edlat do Petrohradu. Na Ukrajinu se tyto n\u00e1lezy ji\u017e nikdy nevr\u00e1tily, byly v\u0161ak alespo\u0148 zachr\u00e1n\u011bny pro dal\u0161\u00ed generace. Mnohem smutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed osud potkal ty poklady, kter\u00e9 se nedochovaly nejl\u00e9pe nebo nem\u011bly podle numizmatik\u016f z\u00a0metropole velkou hodnotu: byly prost\u011b p\u0159etaveny a pou\u017eity k\u00a0ra\u017eb\u011b oby\u010dejn\u00fdch minc\u00ed.\r\n<h2><strong>\u201ePosv\u00e1tn\u00fd dar na znamen\u00ed bratrstv\u00ed mezi n\u00e1rody\u201c<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nNe \u017ee by se Ukrajina nesna\u017eila vr\u00e1tit vlastn\u00ed relikvie zp\u011bt. V\u00a0\u00fanoru 2017 \u010derstv\u011b vznikl\u00e1 v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed rada nastolila ot\u00e1zku navr\u00e1cen\u00ed kulturn\u00edch pam\u00e1tek ze sb\u00edrek Ermit\u00e1\u017ee a dal\u0161\u00edch rusk\u00fdch muze\u00ed. Ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed historikov\u00e9 a \u010dlenov\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed komise zpracovali kompletn\u00ed rejst\u0159\u00edk pam\u00e1tek a v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Rada vyzvala Rusko, aby vr\u00e1tilo v\u0161e, co bylo odvezeno. Z\u00e1hy nato vypukl \u0158\u00edjnov\u00fd p\u0159evrat, \u017e\u00e1dost Ukrajinc\u016f se p\u0159esto neztratila, jak by se dalo \u010dekat.\r\n\r\nJi\u017e za\u010d\u00e1tkem listopadu se Rada lidov\u00fdch komisa\u0159\u016f usnesla, \u017ee nech\u00e1 vr\u00e1tit na Ukrajinu \u201ev\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 trofeje, kter\u00e9 uko\u0159istili Ukrajinc\u016fm Rusov\u00e9, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za Kate\u0159iny\u201c (t\u00edm byly my\u0161leny pouze z\u00e1stavy a ostatn\u00ed relikvie Vojska Z\u00e1poro\u017esk\u00e9ho), toto rozhodnut\u00ed bylo zanedlouho podlo\u017eeno rezoluc\u00ed \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem \u201eO\u00a0p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed trofej\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9mu lidu\u201c. V\u00a0t\u00e9to rezoluci zazn\u011blo provol\u00e1n\u00ed: \u201e\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00fd v\u00fdbor Sov\u011bt\u016f d\u011blnick\u00fdch, vojensk\u00fdch a rolnick\u00fdch zastupitel\u016f v\u00e1m navrac\u00ed trofeje na pam\u00e1tku va\u0161eho slavn\u00e9ho boje za svobodu. N\u00e1rod velkorusk\u00fd a revolu\u010dn\u00ed Petrohrad s\u00a0pozdravem pos\u00edl\u00e1 voln\u00e9mu Kyjevu posv\u00e1tn\u00fd dar na znamen\u00ed bratrstv\u00ed mezi na\u0161imi n\u00e1rody\u201c.\r\n\r\nJakoby nesta\u010dilo, \u017ee jako \u201eposv\u00e1tn\u00fd dar\u201c ozna\u010duje \u00daVK p\u0159edm\u011bty, kter\u00e9 pr\u00e1vem pat\u0159\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b a byly j\u00ed jednodu\u0161e ukradeny. Mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee bol\u0161evici za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed v\u00a0t\u00e9\u017ee rezoluci hledat skuliny, jak vlastn\u00ed sliby poru\u0161it. Pod z\u00e1minkou, \u017ee se Kyjev neobr\u00e1til na bol\u0161evick\u00e9 mocensk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny, ale je\u0161t\u011b na \u00dastavod\u00e1rn\u00fd sn\u011bm, a z\u00a0d\u016fvodu \u201ehrub\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu, jak z\u00e1stupci Rady n\u00e1sledn\u011b jednali s\u00a0lidov\u00fdmi komisa\u0159i\u201c, bylo navr\u017eeno jedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eo\u00a0lh\u016ft\u011b a zp\u016fsobu p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed relikvi\u00ed\u201c prodlou\u017eit. Vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se prot\u00e1hlo na dlouh\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se z\u00a0podn\u011btu rusk\u00e9 strany opakovan\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161ovalo a nakonec se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z\u00a0relikvi\u00ed do Kyjeva nikdy nevr\u00e1tila.\r\n\r\nV\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu cel\u00e9 Ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a\u017e do za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed zubo\u017een\u00e9 Ukrajiny do SSSR p\u0159itom v\u00fdvoz pam\u00e1tek do Moskvy trval. Po vzniku Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu pak z\u00edskala tato zlod\u011bjna ji\u017e \u201elegitimn\u00ed\u201c zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed.\r\n\r\nV\u00a01930.\u00a0letech se USSR znovu pokusila o\u00a0navr\u00e1cen\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch relikvi\u00ed, ukrajinsk\u00e9 poklady v\u0161ak m\u011bly pro Rusko p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam, umo\u017e\u0148ovaly toti\u017e sov\u011btsk\u00fdm ideolog\u016fm prezentovat Rusko jako n\u00e1stupce Rusi, o\u00a0obrovsk\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 hodnot\u011b artefakt\u016f ani nemluv\u011b. Moskva nejen\u017ee ignorovala \u017e\u00e1dosti z\u00a0Kyjeva, ale st\u00e1le drancovala sb\u00edrky Kyjevskope\u010dersk\u00e9 l\u00e1vry, muze\u00ed a knihoven; do Ruska se vyv\u00e1\u017eely koz\u00e1ck\u00e9 klenoty, korouhve, bulavy nebo zbran\u011b...\r\n\r\nDost \u010dasto se pou\u017e\u00edval jednoduch\u00fd trik, kdy byly artefakty \u00fadajn\u011b zap\u016fj\u010deny na celost\u00e1tn\u00ed v\u00fdstavu a n\u00e1sledn\u011b za\u0159azeny do muzejn\u00edch sb\u00edrek v\u00a0RSFSR. Pr\u00e1v\u011b takto se v\u00a0roce 1939 dostaly do Ermit\u00e1\u017ee unik\u00e1tn\u00ed skvosty ze Lvovsk\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho muzea nalezen\u00e9 v\u00a019.\u00a0stolet\u00ed v\u00a0Ternopilsk\u00e9 oblasti. Tomuto pokladu se zlat\u00fdmi \u0161perky z\u00a08. a\u017e 7.\u00a0stol. p\u0159. n.\u00a0l. (o\u00a0celkov\u00e9 hmotnosti cca 7\u00a0kg) se nevyrovnalo nic v\u00a0cel\u00e9m Karpatsko-dunajsk\u00e9m po\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00ed.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"405\"]<img class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/adam-i-eva-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"500\" \/> <em>Adam a Eva. Diptych. Lucas Cranach star\u0161\u00ed (1528)<\/em>[\/caption]\r\n\r\nMnoho artefakt\u016f ulo\u017een\u00fdch v\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch muze\u00edch prodal Kreml na Z\u00e1pad, aby z\u00edskal tvrdou m\u011bnu pro industrializaci. Tento osud potkal nap\u0159. diptych od Lucase Cranacha star\u0161\u00edho \u201eAdam a Eva\u201c (1528), kter\u00fd byl objeven v\u00a0L\u00e1v\u0159e v\u00a0roce 1929. St\u00e1t za n\u011bj z\u00edskal 10\u00a0tis\u00edc dolar\u016f. Tento diptych vyst\u0159\u00eddal n\u011bkolik majitel\u016f v\u010detn\u011b Hermanna G\u00f6ringa, dnes je vystaven v\u00a0Norton Simon Museum v\u00a0kalifornsk\u00e9 Pasaden\u011b a jeho odhadn\u00ed hodnota se vy\u0161plhala na 30\u00a0mil. USD.\r\n\r\nPro pot\u0159eby industrializace byla prod\u00e1na za 3\u00a0tis\u00edce dolar\u016f i carsk\u00e1 vrata kostela Pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sv.\u00a0K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee v\u00a0L\u00e1v\u0159e, kter\u00e9 zhotovil v\u00a0roce 1784 kyjevsk\u00fd mistr Olexij I\u0161\u010denko. Dnes jsou tato jemn\u011b kovan\u00e1 vrata z\u00a0ryz\u00edho pozlacen\u00e9ho st\u0159\u00edbra vystavena v\u00a0Losangelesk\u00e9m um\u011bleck\u00e9m muzeu.\r\n\r\nKdy\u017e za\u010dala Druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, byla \u010d\u00e1st ukrajinsk\u00fdch muzejn\u00edch sb\u00edrek v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdrobk\u016f ze zlata a mistrovsk\u00fdch klenotnick\u00fdch d\u011bl evakuov\u00e1na do Ufy. Jak jist\u011b ch\u00e1pete, takt\u00e9\u017e nen\u00e1vratn\u011b.\r\n\r\nV\u00a0loupen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pokra\u010dovalo i hitlerovsk\u00e9 velen\u00ed. Nacist\u00e9 vyvezly expon\u00e1ty z\u00a0cca 200\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch muze\u00ed v\u00a0Charkov\u011b, Lvov\u011b, Dnipropetrovsku, Poltav\u011b, Sum\u00e1ch nebo Chersonu, celkem p\u0159es 300\u00a0tis\u00edc p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, z\u00a0toho 700\u00a0unik\u00e1tn\u00edch ikon. Po kapitulaci N\u011bmecka bylo mnoho uloupen\u00fdch klenot\u016f navr\u00e1ceno do SSSR, op\u011bt ov\u0161em nikoli na \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny. Nacistick\u00fd lup si p\u0159ivlastnila Moskva.\r\n\r\nV\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu 1970. a\u017e 1980.\u00a0let p\u016fsobily na ukrajinsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed archeologick\u00e9 komise rusk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, kter\u00e9 neru\u0161en\u011b vyv\u00e1\u017eely v\u0161echny n\u00e1lezy\u00a0\u2013 pouh\u00fd soupis t\u011bchto p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f je dlouh\u00fd 400\u00a0strojopisn\u00fdch stran. Do rusk\u00fdch muze\u00ed se tak dostaly antick\u00e9 \u0161perky z\u00a0jihu Ukrajiny, skytsk\u00e9 staro\u017eitnosti, starorusk\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky z\u00a0Kyjeva, Hali\u010de, Volodymyra-Volynsk\u00e9ho. Prakticky cel\u00e1 antick\u00e1 sekce Ermit\u00e1\u017ee je zalo\u017eena na n\u00e1lezech z\u00a0Krymu, Mykolajivsk\u00e9 a Chersonsk\u00e9 oblasti, samostatn\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0148 je vy\u010dlen\u011bna pro n\u00e1lezy z\u00a0dothr\u00e1ck\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed ze Zakarpat\u00ed. Pokusy o\u00a0navr\u00e1cen\u00ed expon\u00e1t\u016f k\u00a0ni\u010demu nevedly: moskev\u0161t\u00ed muzejn\u00edci tvrdili, \u017ee ukrajinsk\u00e9 relikvie maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysokou hodnotu na to, aby byly ulo\u017eeny v\u00a0provin\u010dn\u00edch muze\u00edch.\r\n\r\nZa dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed SSSR p\u0159i\u0161la Ukrajina o\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 700\u00a0historick\u00fdch sb\u00edrek. Ji\u017e v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 1991, na prahu samostatnosti, byl u\u00a0obce Kapustyne v\u00a0\u010ceskask\u00e9 oblasti nalezen velk\u00fd poklad minc\u00ed a p\u00e1nsk\u00fd st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd p\u00e1s. N\u00e1lez byl odevzd\u00e1n na okresn\u00edm policejn\u00edm pracovi\u0161ti ve \u0160pole, kde ho v\u0161ak nedok\u00e1zali ocenit a odeslali za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem do Moskvy. Jak jist\u011b ch\u00e1pete, v\u00a0Moskv\u011b poklad u\u017e z\u016fstal, a to i p\u0159es opakovan\u00e9 urgence ze strany \u010cerkask\u00e9ho archeologick\u00e9ho inspektor\u00e1tu.\r\n\r\nNavr\u00e1cen\u00ed kulturn\u00edch artefakt\u016f je chr\u00e1n\u011bno mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem, na Ukrajinu tak byla po roce 2000 navr\u00e1cena \u0159ada p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f z\u00a0USA, Kanady, N\u011bmecka nebo It\u00e1lie, kter\u00e9 byly vyvezeny hlavn\u011b v\u00a0dob\u011b Druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9. RF se v\u0161ak nic vracet nechyst\u00e1.\r\n\r\n\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 to i schv\u00e1len\u00fd v\u00a0roce 1998 z\u00e1kon \u010d.\u00a064-FZ, o\u00a0kulturn\u00edch pam\u00e1tk\u00e1ch p\u0159esunut\u00fdch do Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu v\u00a0d\u016fsledku Druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed Rusk\u00e9 federace, na jeho\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u0161echny relikvie, kter\u00e9 se dostaly na rusk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed po v\u00e1lce, tvo\u0159\u00ed rusk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Obrovsk\u00fdmi snahami ukrajinsk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f byly navr\u00e1ceny dva n\u00e1hrobky z\u00a06. a\u017e 7.\u00a0stol. vyvezen\u00e9 v\u00a0roce 1964 z\u00a0Cherson\u00e9su \u201ek\u00a0do\u010dasn\u00e9mu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem v\u00fdstavy v\u00a0Leningrad\u011b\u201c a \u010d\u00e1st fresek z\u00a0katedr\u00e1ly svat\u00e9ho Michaela.\r\n<h2><strong>Uloupen\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nV\u00a0rusk\u00fdch muze\u00edch je mnoho pam\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed pro Ukrajinu v\u00edc ne\u017e pouhou kulturn\u00ed hodnotu. Maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam a p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed symboly ukrajinsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"599\"]<img class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/1_vodosv_chasha.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"599\" height=\"318\" \/> <em>Kalich Bohdana Chmelnick\u00e9ho na sv\u011bcenou vodu<\/em>[\/caption]\r\n\r\nZejm\u00e9na sb\u00edrka St\u00e1tn\u00edho historick\u00e9ho muzea obsahuje st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd kalich Bohdana Chmelnick\u00e9ho na sv\u011bcenou vodu. M\u00e1 vyra\u017een\u00fd znak Vojska Z\u00e1poro\u017esk\u00e9ho, hetmanovy inici\u00e1ly a po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edsmena jeho titulu. V\u00a0roce 2002 byla tato relikvie i s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi vystavena v\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed kulturn\u011b historick\u00e9 rezervaci \u010cyhyryn b\u011bhem p\u016flroku a ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci je velice cht\u011bli z\u00edskat zp\u011bt, jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak nep\u0159inesla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek. Z\u00e1stupci St\u00e1tn\u00edho historick\u00e9ho muzea tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee kalichu Bohdana Chmelnick\u00e9ho na sv\u011bcenou vodu \u201epat\u0159ilo, pat\u0159\u00ed a bude pat\u0159it... d\u016fstojn\u00e9 m\u00edsto mezi rusk\u00fdmi pam\u00e1tkami\u201c.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"768\"]<img class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/2_kul_oba-768x377.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"377\" \/> <em>Artefakty z mohyly Kul-Oba<\/em>[\/caption]\r\n\r\nV\u00a0roce 1830 byl v\u00a0mohyle Kul-Oba u\u00a0Ker\u010de nalezen bohat\u00fd skytsk\u00fd poh\u0159eb ze\u00a04.\u00a0stol.\u00a0p\u0159.\u00a0n.\u00a0l. Podle o\u010dit\u00fdch sv\u011bdk\u016f obsahoval \u201evelk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bronzov\u00fdch, st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch a zlat\u00fdch n\u00e1dob a v\u011bc\u00ed, z\u00a0nich\u017e je \u010d\u00e1st jemn\u011b zpracov\u00e1na a m\u00e1 velkou cenu co do archeologick\u00e9 hodnoty a kvality kovu... Je\u0161t\u011b nikdy nebyl ve zdej\u0161\u00edm kraji u\u010din\u011bn podobn\u00fd objev, pokud jde o\u00a0staro\u017eitnosti\u201c. Ker\u010dsk\u00fd starosta tou\u017eil ponechat bohat\u00fd n\u00e1lez ve m\u011bstsk\u00e9m muzeu a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rok oddaloval p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u00e1tek do Petrohradu. V\u00e1hov\u00e9 kategorie v\u0161ak byly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 odli\u0161n\u00e9, po d\u00e9letrvaj\u00edc\u00ed korespondenci se tak bohat\u00fd n\u00e1lez stal klenotem sb\u00edrky Ermit\u00e1\u017ee, kde je ulo\u017een dodnes.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"240\"]<img class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/3_chortomlyk.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"388\" \/> <em>St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 amfora z mohyly \u010cortomlyk<\/em>[\/caption]\r\n\r\nV\u00a0letech 1862 a\u017e 1863 byla rozkop\u00e1na velk\u00e1 skytsk\u00e1 hrobka z\u00a0konce 4.\u00a0stol.\u00a0p\u0159.\u00a0n.\u00a0l. v\u00a0mohyle \u010cortomlyk u\u00a0Nikopolu (Dnipropetrovsk\u00e1 oblast). Zlat\u00e9 a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 \u0161perky, zbran\u011b a amfora s\u00a0vyobrazen\u00fdmi Skyty na vlysu, jak krot\u00ed divok\u00e9 kon\u011b, jsou pokl\u00e1d\u00e1ny za nejlep\u0161\u00ed exempl\u00e1\u0159e skytsk\u00e9ho zlatnick\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Jsou ulo\u017eeny rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00a0Ermit\u00e1\u017ei.\r\n\r\nV\u00a0roce 1912 byl u\u00a0obce Mala Pere\u0161\u010depyna 13\u00a0km od Poltavy objeven obrovsk\u00fd poklad obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159es 800\u00a0p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, kdy celkov\u00e1 v\u00e1ha zlat\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f p\u0159es\u00e1hla 25\u00a0kg a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch 50\u00a0kg. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee jde o\u00a0hrobku Kuvrata, zakladatele Velk\u00e9ho Bulharska. Obsah pokladu je ulo\u017een ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed komo\u0159e St\u00e1tn\u00ed Ermit\u00e1\u017ee. \u010c\u00e1st n\u00e1lezu rozkradli vesni\u010dan\u00e9, proslul\u00fd ukrajinsk\u00fd mecen\u00e1\u0161 Bohdan Chanenko tyto p\u0159edm\u011bty n\u00e1sledn\u011b vykoupil na trhu se staro\u017eitnostmi a p\u0159edal kyjevsk\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016fm. I p\u0159es pokus o\u00a0navr\u00e1cen\u00ed v\u00a0roce 1932 z\u016fstal pere\u0161\u010depynsk\u00fd poklad p\u0159ece jen v\u00a0Leningrad\u011b.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"320\"]<img class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/4_solunskij-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"554\" \/> <em>Demeter Solu\u0148sk\u00fd. Mozaika z katedr\u00e1ly svat\u00e9ho Michaela<\/em>[\/caption]\r\n\r\nJedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch expon\u00e1t\u016f Tre\u0165jakovsk\u00e9 galerie se stala mozaika s\u00a0vyobrazen\u00edm Demetera Solu\u0148sk\u00e9ho ze zbouran\u00e9 v\u00a0roce 1937 katedr\u00e1ly svat\u00e9ho Michaela. Samotn\u00e1 katedr\u00e1la byla postavena ji\u017e ve 12.\u00a0stolet\u00ed, v\u00a0p\u0159edmongolsk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, za\u017eila spoustu p\u0159estaveb a m\u011bla obrovsk\u00fd historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. V\u00a0polovin\u011b 1930.\u00a0let v\u0161ak bylo i p\u0159es odpor kunsthistorik\u016f rozhodnuto o\u00a0jej\u00ed demolici. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady umo\u017enily sejmout ze zd\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 fresky a mozaiky a p\u0159esunout je do Sofijsk\u00e9 katedr\u00e1ly.\r\n\r\nV\u00a0roce 1938 Tre\u0165jakovsk\u00e1 galerie po\u017e\u00e1dala, aby j\u00ed byla za \u00fa\u010delem v\u00fdstavy \u201e750\u00a0let Slova o\u00a0pluku Igorov\u011b\u201c na 3\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edce zap\u016fj\u010dena mozaika \u201eDemeter Solu\u0148sk\u00fd\u201c a n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch basreli\u00e9f\u016f a fresek z\u00a012.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. Uplynulo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 80\u00a0let, t\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1p\u016fj\u010dka p\u0159esto st\u00e1le vracena nebyla.\r\n\r\nVyjmenovat v\u0161echny ukrajinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy vyvezen\u00e9 do Ruska by trvalo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho. Jde t\u0159eba o\u00a0luck\u00e9 Evangelium ulo\u017een\u00e9 v\u00a0Rusk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed knihovn\u011b, o\u00a0bronzov\u00fd kan\u00f3n Ivana Mazepy, o\u00a0n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1stavu z\u00e1poro\u017ec\u016f nebo o\u00a0ned\u00e1vno objeven\u00fd v\u00a0Orenburgu zvon Holub ulit\u00fd na Mazepovu objedn\u00e1vku. N\u00e1dhern\u00e1 isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 sb\u00edrka Bohdana a Varvary Chanenkov\u00fdch byla v\u00a01930.\u00a0letech prost\u011b rozkradena: \u010d\u00e1st artefakt\u016f byla prod\u00e1na za ciz\u00ed m\u011bnu, a to za sm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky, z\u00a0druh\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti se stala chlouba Ermit\u00e1\u017ee. Ukrajina se sna\u017eila tyto klenoty v\u00a01950.\u00a0letech vr\u00e1tit, \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 v\u0161ak nebyla.\r\n\r\nRusk\u00e9 snahy prezentovat sv\u00e9 d\u011bjiny jako mnohem star\u0161\u00ed se nevyhnuly kuriozit\u00e1m. T\u0159eba jedn\u00edm z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch expon\u00e1t\u016f \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho n\u00e1mo\u0159nick\u00e9ho muzea v\u00a0Petrohrad\u011b se stal tzv. Sabatynivsk\u00fd \u010dlun nalezen\u00fd v\u00a0roce 1937 na dn\u011b Ji\u017en\u00edho Bugu u\u00a0obce Sabatynivka v\u00a0Kirovohradsk\u00e9 oblasti. Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed expozice \u201eD\u011bjiny rusk\u00e9 flotily p\u0159ed rokem 1917\u201c, o\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e se na webu muzea <a href=\"http:\/\/lotofacil.ru\/view_expo.php?id=1\" target=\"_blank\">do\u010dteme<\/a>: \u201eD\u011bjiny n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed plavby na rusk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed \u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed nejedno tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. Vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o\u00a0tom starov\u011bk\u00fd vydlaban\u00fd \u010dlun ze sb\u00edrek na\u0161eho muzea, kter\u00fd archeologov\u00e9 datuj\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem I.\u00a0tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem\u201c. Je fakt \u0161ikovn\u00e9, jak ru\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci odvozuj\u00ed d\u011bjiny rusk\u00e9 mo\u0159eplavby od expon\u00e1tu nalezen\u00e9ho na \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny!\r\n<h2><strong>Krymsk\u00e9 sb\u00edrky v\u00a0ohro\u017een\u00ed?<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nKr\u00e1de\u017ee ukrajinsk\u00fdch historick\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek bohu\u017eel nelze pova\u017eovat za n\u011bco, co pat\u0159\u00ed do minulosti. Dnes, kdy je \u010d\u00e1st na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed okupov\u00e1na, se tento probl\u00e9m op\u011bt dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do pop\u0159ed\u00ed.\r\n\r\nKa\u017ed\u00e9mu se nejsp\u00ed\u0161 vybav\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh se skytsk\u00fdm zlatem, kter\u00e9 podle \u201enejpravdiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch\u201c rusk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed Arsenij Jace\u0148uk v\u00a0prvn\u00edch dnech po Majdanu <a href=\"http:\/\/lifenews.ru\/news\/129063\" target=\"_blank\">\u00fadajn\u011b vyvezl<\/a> v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed aktovce do Ameriky, patrn\u011b jako osobn\u00ed d\u00e1rek pro Obamu. P\u0159ihl\u00e9dneme-li ke skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee Rusko v\u017edy obvi\u0148uje ostatn\u00ed z\u00a0n\u011b\u010deho, co se chyst\u00e1 ud\u011blat (nebo ji\u017e d\u011bl\u00e1) samo, m\u00e1me ohledn\u011b osudu krymsk\u00fdch sb\u00edrek v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 starosti.\r\n\r\nJi\u017e nejednou se objevily zneklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee se vyv\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed expon\u00e1ty z\u00a0Cherson\u00e9su Taursk\u00e9ho, Sudack\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho muzea nebo \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho taursk\u00e9ho muzea. Krymsk\u00e9 a rusk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady sice reaguj\u00ed ml\u010den\u00edm nebo dementi, n\u011bkter\u00e1 fakta ov\u0161em vzbuzuj\u00ed pochybnosti ohledn\u011b jejich up\u0159\u00edmnosti.\r\n\r\nZejm\u00e9na na podzim 2015 samotn\u00e1 Ermit\u00e1\u017e anoncovala v\u00fdstavu s\u00a0krymsk\u00fdmi expon\u00e1ty. Na jej\u00edm webu se objevila <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hermitagemuseum.org\/wps\/portal\/hermitage\/what-s-on\/temp_exh\/2015\/griffin_land\/?lng=ru\" target=\"_blank\">zpr\u00e1va<\/a> o\u00a0expozici \u201eV\u00a0zemi griffona. Antick\u00e1 archeologie Ermit\u00e1\u017ee na Krymu\u201c obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty ze sb\u00edrek V\u00fdchodokrymsk\u00e9 kulturn\u011b historick\u00e9 muzejn\u00ed rezervace. Ermit\u00e1\u017e se v\u016fbec netaj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0Ker\u010di a jej\u00edm okol\u00ed dnes p\u016fsob\u00ed n\u011bkolik jej\u00edch expedic\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed do muzejn\u00edch sb\u00edrek a\u017e 1000\u00a0n\u00e1lez\u016f za jednu sez\u00f3nu.\r\n\r\nNa \u010dervenec 2016 chyst\u00e1 Tre\u0165jakovsk\u00e1 galerie v\u00fdstavu v\u011bnovanou 200.\u00a0v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed od narozen\u00ed Ajvazovsk\u00e9ho. Jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed bych v\u011b\u0159ila, \u017ee se tato v\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 instituce neuch\u00fdl\u00ed k\u00a0osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdm praktik\u00e1m a nezap\u016fj\u010d\u00ed si \u201ep\u0159echodn\u011b na dobu v\u00fdstavy\u201c obrazy z\u00a0Feodosijsk\u00e9 galerie.\r\n\r\nM\u00e1m obrovsk\u00e9 obavy, \u017ee krymsk\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky budou rozkradeny, vyprod\u00e1ny do soukrom\u00fdch sb\u00edrek nebo se dostanou na \u010dern\u00fd trh. Za \u00fa\u010delem usnadn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto \u00fakolu nyn\u00ed v\u00a0republice prob\u00edh\u00e1 intenzivn\u00ed obm\u011bna veden\u00ed muze\u00ed a samotn\u00e1 muzea m\u011bn\u00ed z\u0159izovatele. V\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti je docela mo\u017en\u00fd tento sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159: rusk\u00e9 a krymsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady za\u010dnou vyd\u00e1vat ok\u00e1zal\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee se z\u00a0t\u011bch nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch krymsk\u00fdch rarit \u00fadajn\u011b vyklubaly pad\u011blky. Obvin\u00ed z\u00a0toho samoz\u0159ejm\u011b Kyjev, kter\u00fd 23\u00a0roky nejen \u201eokr\u00e1dal Krym\u201c, ale tak\u00e9 fal\u0161oval mistrovsk\u00e1 d\u00edla. Tato halasn\u00e1 \u201eodhalen\u00ed\u201c pochopiteln\u011b poslou\u017e\u00ed jako kryt\u00ed pro skute\u010dn\u00e9 kr\u00e1de\u017ee a fal\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdo si ov\u0161em odv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed chytit okupa\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady za ruku? Konformn\u00ed veden\u00ed muze\u00ed to jist\u011b nebude.\r\n\r\nProto je \u00fakolem Ukrajiny ji\u017e dnes sepsat rejst\u0159\u00edk krymsk\u00fdch expon\u00e1t\u016f a rozeslat upozorn\u011bn\u00ed dra\u017eitel\u016fm: ty nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed auk\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edn\u011b nestoj\u00ed o\u00a0skand\u00e1ly, proto se jen sotva pust\u00ed do prodeje kus\u016f s\u00a0pochybn\u00fdm p\u016fvodem. Tento krok samoz\u0159ejm\u011b sice nezajist\u00ed rychl\u00e9 navr\u00e1cen\u00ed pam\u00e1tek, alespo\u0148 v\u0161ak jejich dr\u017ebu znep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00ed.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>Olena Serhejeva<\/em><\/p>\r\n<em>(CC BY) Informace zpracov\u00e1ny speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro web InformNapalm.org, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159evzet\u00ed nebo pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je nutno uv\u00e9st funk\u010dn\u00ed odkaz na autora a na n\u00e1\u0161 projekt.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nOrigin\u00e1l publikov\u00e1n dne 26.\u00a0\u00fanora 2016\r\n\r\nP\u0159eklad: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scyhol\">Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1311"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1314,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1311\/revisions\/1314"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}