{"id":3276,"date":"2017-06-12T19:59:36","date_gmt":"2017-06-12T19:59:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=3276"},"modified":"2017-06-15T20:05:19","modified_gmt":"2017-06-15T20:05:19","slug":"bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/","title":{"rendered":"Bezv\u00edzov\u00fd styk: jak se za\u010dne m\u011bnit tv\u00e1\u0159 ukrajinsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a migrace"},"content":{"rendered":"

11. \u010dervna pro Ukrajinu ofici\u00e1ln\u011b startuje bezv\u00edzov\u00fd re\u017eim s\u00a0Evropskou uni\u00ed. Miliony Ukrajinc\u016f z\u00edskaj\u00ed mo\u017enost se pod\u00edvat do Evropy, ani\u017e by museli st\u00e1t frontu na v\u00edzum. A p\u0159esto\u017ee pro Ukrajince st\u00e1le plat\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed hranic s\u00a0EU, vypad\u00e1 to na za\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry ukrajinsk\u00e9 migrace. St\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji se vyno\u0159uje ot\u00e1zka zaveden\u00ed v\u00edzov\u00e9ho styku s\u00a0Ruskem, co\u017e je nejsp\u00ed\u0161 jen ot\u00e1zka \u010dasu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bezv\u00edzov\u00fd re\u017eim sice neumo\u017e\u0148uje leg\u00e1ln\u011b pracovat v\u00a0EU, p\u0159esto v\u00a0praxi nejsp\u00ed\u0161 uvid\u00edme vzestup neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed zam\u011bstnanosti ukrajinsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f v\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. V\u011bd\u00ed o\u00a0tom ob\u011b strany, tento stav v\u0161ak bude v\u00fdhodn\u00fd pro v\u0161echny: na Ukrajin\u011b nen\u00ed dostatek dob\u0159e placen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce pro v\u0161echny ob\u010dany a v\u00a0EU budou m\u00edt radost z\u00a0levn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/p>\n

Po\u010det Ukrajinc\u016f pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed nelze nijak p\u0159esn\u011bji odhadnout. Jde o\u00a0miliony Ukrajinc\u016f v\u00a0produktivn\u00edm v\u011bku. Tat\u00e1\u017e pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 si nedok\u00e1zala naj\u00edt uplatn\u011bn\u00ed doma, hled\u00e1 pr\u00e1ci v\u00a0cizin\u011b. Podle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f<\/a> by se dalo mluvit o\u00a05\u00a0milionech pracovn\u00edch migrant\u016f. Z\u00a0toho 25 a\u017e 40%\u00a0pod\u00edl p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na Rusko: podle \u0159ady odhad\u016f v\u00a0Rusku pob\u00fdv\u00e1 a\u017e 2,1\u00a0mil. Ukrajinc\u016f<\/a>. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0t\u011bchto \u201erusk\u00fdch\u201c pracovn\u00edch migrant\u016f nejsp\u00ed\u0161 v\u00a0Rusku nav\u017edy z\u016fstanou<\/a>, zat\u00edmco dal\u0161\u00ed se p\u0159eorientuj\u00ed na pracovn\u00ed trhy zem\u00ed EU. Od roku 2014 po oslaben\u00ed rublu a za\u010d\u00e1tku hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f v\u00a0Rusku za\u010dali migranti Rusko opou\u0161t\u011bt<\/a>, a tak i Ukrajinci si budou muset hledat nov\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Spo\u010d\u00edtat neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed migranty je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee \u010dasto sice p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed hranice, ale nep\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed se do konzul\u00e1rn\u00ed evidence nebo pracuj\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u011b a nedostanou se do statistik pracuj\u00edc\u00edch cizinc\u016f, pop\u0159. dokonce p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed hranice ileg\u00e1ln\u011b a jejich stopa se pak ztrat\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Odhady po\u010dt\u016f ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u201epracant\u016f\u201c se pohybuj\u00ed mezi \u201eoptimistick\u00fdm\u201c 1\u00a0milionem a \u201epesimistick\u00fdmi\u201c 7\u00a0miliony. Pravda bude nejsp\u00ed\u0161 n\u011bkde uprost\u0159ed.<\/p>\n

Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee stabilita ukrajinsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed byla v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech zp\u016fsobena z\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti devizov\u00fdmi injekcemi od Ukrajinc\u016f vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed<\/a>. Podle N\u00e1rodn\u00ed banky bylo v\u00a0roce 2016 na Ukrajinu soukrom\u011b p\u0159evedeno 5,4\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f. Z\u00a0toho se p\u0159es bankovn\u00ed soustavu p\u0159evedlo 2,3\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f a p\u0159es platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9my 2,1\u00a0miliard, soukrom\u00e9 p\u0159evody v\u00a0ciz\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b v\u0161ak lze odhadnout jen zhruba<\/a>. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed banka Ukrajiny je odhaduje na 1\u00a0miliardu dolar\u016f (dokument \u010d.\u00a01<\/a>, dokument \u010d.\u00a02<\/a>). Kolik ciz\u00ed m\u011bny se tak skute\u010dn\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na Ukrajinu od zahrani\u010dn\u00edch d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, nev\u00ed nikdo.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed banka tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 obl\u00edben\u00fd ukazatel pro porovn\u00e1n\u00ed a hl\u00e1s\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky od \u201epracant\u016f\u201c ve v\u00fd\u0161i 5,8\u00a0% z\u00a0HDP Ukrajiny. Dovezen\u00e1 m\u011bna se v\u0161ak v\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t obr\u00e1t\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed HDP s\u00a0multiplik\u00e1torem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e jedna<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku<\/a> Ukrajina je\u0161t\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed jako v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b bohat\u00e1 zem\u011b, t\u0159eba do T\u00e1d\u017eikist\u00e1nu pracovn\u00ed migranti p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bli \u010d\u00e1stku srovnatelnou s\u00a036,6\u00a0% zdej\u0161\u00edho HDP.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 by bylo korektn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed srovn\u00e1vat pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed p\u0159evody se st\u00e1tn\u00edm rozpo\u010dtem Ukrajiny: p\u0159i tomto srovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u201epracanti\u201c obstar\u00e1vaj\u00ed cca 20\u00a0% ukrajinsk\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee podle \u00fadaj\u016f N\u00e1rodn\u00ed banky tato l\u00e9ta ani nejsou pro Ukrajinu nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: v\u00a0roce 2013 hodnota pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch p\u0159evod\u016f p\u0159ekro\u010dila 8,5\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Je nutno uv\u00e9st, \u017ee jde o\u00a0norm\u00e1ln\u00ed situaci pro rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b. Po Druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce statis\u00edce Ital\u016f<\/a> ode\u0161ly na z\u00e1klad\u011b mezist\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouvy jako gastarbeite\u0159i do N\u011bmecka. Celkem n\u011bmeck\u00fdm pracovn\u00edm trhem pro\u0161ly \u010dty\u0159i miliony<\/a> italsk\u00fdch d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Po letech se na Ukrajin\u011b objev\u00ed prvn\u00ed generace evropsk\u00fdch ukrajinsk\u00fdch d\u016fchodc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se po dlouholet\u00e9m pracovn\u00edm p\u016fsoben\u00ed v\u00a0EU vr\u00e1t\u00ed dom\u016f, aby zde sv\u016fj d\u016fchod utr\u00e1celi. N\u011b\u010d\u00edm podobn\u00fdm pro\u0161li Italov\u00e9, \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9, \u0158ekov\u00e9 \u010di Jugosl\u00e1vci.<\/p>\n

Nakonec se tak bude Ukrajina postupn\u011b integrovat do Evropy. Kdy\u017e zem\u011b nevstupuje do EU, vstupuj\u00ed do n\u00ed jej\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9. U\u017e dnes si ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed pracovn\u00ed migranti obstar\u00e1vaj\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 pasy. Podle statistik EU v\u00a0roce 2015 p\u0159es 19\u00a0tis\u00edc Ukrajinc\u016f z\u00edskalo pasy zem\u00ed EU. P\u0159edn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dky pat\u0159\u00ed N\u011bmecku (4.917), Portugalsku (2.895), Polsku (1.957), It\u00e1lii (1.822), Rumunsku (1.672) a \u010cesku (1.042).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Rok co rok asi 20\u00a0tis\u00edc ukrajinsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f z\u00edsk\u00e1 pas EU<\/a>. Jen v\u00a0samotn\u00e9m N\u011bmecku za posledn\u00edch 15\u00a0let z\u00edskalo n\u011bmeck\u00fd pas p\u0159es 50.000\u00a0Ukrajinc\u016f. Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee dne\u0161n\u00ed pasov\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy Ukrajinc\u016f jsou dozvukem migrace ze za\u010d\u00e1tku 2000.\u00a0let.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm ukazatelem dne\u0161n\u00ed migrace jsou po\u010dty ukrajinsk\u00fdch student\u016f v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed: 31\u00a0tis\u00edc<\/a> v\u00a0Polsku, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 10\u00a0tis\u00edc<\/a> v\u00a0N\u011bmecku (pozn.: souhrnn\u00e9 statistiky UNESCO o\u00a0studentech viz zde<\/a>)<\/em>. Za n\u011bkolik let z\u00edskaj\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 diplomy a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0nich se nav\u017edy usad\u00ed na nov\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, jin\u00ed se vr\u00e1t\u00ed. N\u011b\u010d\u00edm podobn\u00fdm pro\u0161li v\u0161ichni na\u0161i evrop\u0161t\u00ed soused\u00e9, kter\u00fdm se nepoda\u0159ilo nasko\u010dit do vlaku Marshallova pl\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

Na Ukrajin\u011b ji\u017e d\u00e1vno ne\u017eije 52\u00a0milion\u016f, co\u017e mus\u00edme p\u0159ijmout jako skute\u010dnost: kdy\u017e st\u00e1t nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 ob\u010dany norm\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky k\u00a0\u017eivotu, lid\u00e9 vol\u00ed nohami. V\u0161ichni stejn\u011b neodejdou a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se v\u017edy vr\u00e1t\u00ed: bu\u010f z\u00a0nostalgie, nebo kv\u016fli lep\u0161\u00edm \u0161anc\u00edm na uplatn\u011bn\u00ed doma, pop\u0159. aby doma utratili d\u016fchod vyd\u011blan\u00fd v\u00a0Evrop\u011b. Ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady se v\u0161ak mus\u00ed nau\u010dit br\u00e1t ukrajinskou pracovn\u00ed migraci jako hotovou v\u011bc: po\u010dty t\u011bchto lid\u00ed budou jen nar\u016fstat a po n\u00e1vratu dom\u016f tito lid\u00e9 budou m\u011bnit \u017eivot, aby ho p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eili evropsk\u00e9mu \u017eivotn\u00edmu stylu, na n\u011bj\u017e si zvykli. Ukrajina se bude m\u011bnit a absolvuje cestu pomysln\u00e9ho Polska do EU. Je \u0161koda, \u017ee jsme promarnili tolik \u010dasu nostalgi\u00ed po USSR, dobr\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee jsme se p\u0159ece jen dostali z\u00a0ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy SSSR.<\/p>\n

\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek p\u0159ipravil k\u00a0publikaci Anton Pavlu\u0161ko<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

(CC BY) Informace zpracov\u00e1ny speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro web InformNapalm.org<\/a>, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159evzet\u00ed nebo pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je nutno <\/strong>uv\u00e9st funk\u010dn\u00ed odkaz na autory a na n\u00e1\u0161 projekt.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

P\u0159eklad: Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

11. \u010dervna pro Ukrajinu ofici\u00e1ln\u011b startuje bezv\u00edzov\u00fd re\u017eim s\u00a0Evropskou uni\u00ed. Miliony Ukrajinc\u016f z\u00edskaj\u00ed mo\u017enost se pod\u00edvat do…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":3277,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,523,516,993,754,519],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-analytics","category-all-news","category-politika","category-spolecnost-all-news","category-world"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBezv\u00edzov\u00fd styk: jak se za\u010dne m\u011bnit tv\u00e1\u0159 ukrajinsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a migrace - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bezv\u00edzov\u00fd styk: jak se za\u010dne m\u011bnit tv\u00e1\u0159 ukrajinsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a migrace - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"11. \u010dervna pro Ukrajinu ofici\u00e1ln\u011b startuje bezv\u00edzov\u00fd re\u017eim s\u00a0Evropskou uni\u00ed. Miliony Ukrajinc\u016f z\u00edskaj\u00ed mo\u017enost se pod\u00edvat do...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-06-12T19:59:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-06-15T20:05:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/06\/Bezv-zov-styk_-jak-se-za-ne-m-nit-tv-ukrajinsk-ho-hospod-stv-a-migrace.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"642\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"336\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"svatoslav\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"svatoslav\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"svatoslav\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/df2cf86bd5e35ae01a82d1108d3c5f51\"},\"headline\":\"Bezv\u00edzov\u00fd styk: jak se za\u010dne m\u011bnit tv\u00e1\u0159 ukrajinsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a migrace\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-06-12T19:59:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-06-15T20:05:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/\"},\"wordCount\":1158,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/06\/Bezv-zov-styk_-jak-se-za-ne-m-nit-tv-ukrajinsk-ho-hospod-stv-a-migrace.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Aktuality\",\"Analytika\",\"Novinky\",\"Politika\",\"Spole\u010dnost\",\"Sv\u011btov\u00fd\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/\",\"name\":\"Bezv\u00edzov\u00fd styk: jak se za\u010dne m\u011bnit tv\u00e1\u0159 ukrajinsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a migrace - 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Miliony Ukrajinc\u016f z\u00edskaj\u00ed mo\u017enost se pod\u00edvat do...","og_url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/","og_site_name":"InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)","article_published_time":"2017-06-12T19:59:36+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-06-15T20:05:19+00:00","og_image":[{"width":642,"height":336,"url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/06\/Bezv-zov-styk_-jak-se-za-ne-m-nit-tv-ukrajinsk-ho-hospod-stv-a-migrace.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"svatoslav","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"svatoslav","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/"},"author":{"name":"svatoslav","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/df2cf86bd5e35ae01a82d1108d3c5f51"},"headline":"Bezv\u00edzov\u00fd styk: jak se za\u010dne m\u011bnit tv\u00e1\u0159 ukrajinsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a migrace","datePublished":"2017-06-12T19:59:36+00:00","dateModified":"2017-06-15T20:05:19+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/"},"wordCount":1158,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/06\/Bezv-zov-styk_-jak-se-za-ne-m-nit-tv-ukrajinsk-ho-hospod-stv-a-migrace.jpg","articleSection":["Aktuality","Analytika","Novinky","Politika","Spole\u010dnost","Sv\u011btov\u00fd"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/","url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/bezvizovy-styk-jak-se-zacne-menit-tvar-ukrajinskeho-hospodarstvi-migrace\/","name":"Bezv\u00edzov\u00fd styk: jak se za\u010dne m\u011bnit tv\u00e1\u0159 ukrajinsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a migrace - 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Miliony Ukrajinc\u016f z\u00edskaj\u00ed mo\u017enost se pod\u00edvat do Evropy, ani\u017e by museli st\u00e1t frontu na v\u00edzum. A p\u0159esto\u017ee pro Ukrajince st\u00e1le plat\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed hranic s\u00a0EU, vypad\u00e1 to na za\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry ukrajinsk\u00e9 migrace. St\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji se vyno\u0159uje ot\u00e1zka zaveden\u00ed v\u00edzov\u00e9ho styku s\u00a0Ruskem, co\u017e je nejsp\u00ed\u0161 jen ot\u00e1zka \u010dasu.<\/strong><!--more-->\r\n\r\nBezv\u00edzov\u00fd re\u017eim sice neumo\u017e\u0148uje leg\u00e1ln\u011b pracovat v\u00a0EU, p\u0159esto v\u00a0praxi nejsp\u00ed\u0161 uvid\u00edme vzestup neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed zam\u011bstnanosti ukrajinsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f v\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. V\u011bd\u00ed o\u00a0tom ob\u011b strany, tento stav v\u0161ak bude v\u00fdhodn\u00fd pro v\u0161echny: na Ukrajin\u011b nen\u00ed dostatek dob\u0159e placen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce pro v\u0161echny ob\u010dany a v\u00a0EU budou m\u00edt radost z\u00a0levn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly.\r\n\r\nPo\u010det Ukrajinc\u016f pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed nelze nijak p\u0159esn\u011bji odhadnout. Jde o\u00a0miliony Ukrajinc\u016f v\u00a0produktivn\u00edm v\u011bku. Tat\u00e1\u017e pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 si nedok\u00e1zala naj\u00edt uplatn\u011bn\u00ed doma, hled\u00e1 pr\u00e1ci v\u00a0cizin\u011b. Podle <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dcz.gov.ua\/control\/uk\/publish\/article?art_id=427101&cat_id=364661\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f<\/a> by se dalo mluvit o\u00a05\u00a0milionech pracovn\u00edch migrant\u016f. Z\u00a0toho 25 a\u017e 40%\u00a0pod\u00edl p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na Rusko: podle \u0159ady odhad\u016f v\u00a0Rusku pob\u00fdv\u00e1 a\u017e <a href=\"https:\/\/dt.ua\/UKRAINE\/u-rosiyi-pracyuye-40-usih-trudovih-migrantiv-z-ukrayini-221147_.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2,1\u00a0mil. Ukrajinc\u016f<\/a>. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0t\u011bchto \u201erusk\u00fdch\u201c pracovn\u00edch migrant\u016f nejsp\u00ed\u0161 <a href=\"http:\/\/rian.com.ua\/russia\/20160128\/1004320747.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">v\u00a0Rusku nav\u017edy z\u016fstanou<\/a>, zat\u00edmco dal\u0161\u00ed se p\u0159eorientuj\u00ed na pracovn\u00ed trhy zem\u00ed EU. Od roku 2014 po oslaben\u00ed rublu a za\u010d\u00e1tku hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f v\u00a0Rusku <a href=\"http:\/\/www.interfax.ru\/russia\/414238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">za\u010dali migranti Rusko opou\u0161t\u011bt<\/a>, a tak i Ukrajinci si budou muset hledat nov\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed.\r\n\r\nSpo\u010d\u00edtat neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed migranty je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee \u010dasto sice p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed hranice, ale nep\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed se do konzul\u00e1rn\u00ed evidence nebo pracuj\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u011b a nedostanou se do statistik pracuj\u00edc\u00edch cizinc\u016f, pop\u0159. dokonce p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed hranice ileg\u00e1ln\u011b a jejich stopa se pak ztrat\u00ed.\r\n\r\nOdhady po\u010dt\u016f ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u201epracant\u016f\u201c se pohybuj\u00ed mezi \u201eoptimistick\u00fdm\u201c 1\u00a0milionem a \u201epesimistick\u00fdmi\u201c 7\u00a0miliony. Pravda bude nejsp\u00ed\u0161 n\u011bkde uprost\u0159ed.\r\n\r\nStoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee stabilita ukrajinsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed byla v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech zp\u016fsobena z\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti devizov\u00fdmi <a href=\"https:\/\/economics.unian.net\/other\/1477059-ukrainskie-zarobitchane-doroga-na-zapad.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injekcemi od Ukrajinc\u016f vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed<\/a>. Podle N\u00e1rodn\u00ed banky bylo v\u00a0roce 2016 na Ukrajinu soukrom\u011b p\u0159evedeno 5,4\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f. Z\u00a0toho se p\u0159es bankovn\u00ed soustavu p\u0159evedlo 2,3\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f a p\u0159es platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9my 2,1\u00a0miliard, soukrom\u00e9 p\u0159evody v\u00a0ciz\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b v\u0161ak lze <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iom.org.ua\/sites\/default\/files\/iom_migration_as_an_enabler_of_development_in_ukraine.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">odhadnout jen zhruba<\/a>. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed banka Ukrajiny je odhaduje na 1\u00a0miliardu dolar\u016f (<a href=\"https:\/\/bank.gov.ua\/doccatalog\/document?id=19208358\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dokument \u010d.\u00a01<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/bank.gov.ua\/doccatalog\/document?id=19208357\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dokument \u010d.\u00a02<\/a>). Kolik ciz\u00ed m\u011bny se tak skute\u010dn\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na Ukrajinu od zahrani\u010dn\u00edch d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, nev\u00ed nikdo.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ukraine_natsbank.jpg\" width=\"901\" height=\"564\" \/>\r\n\r\nN\u00e1rodn\u00ed banka tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 obl\u00edben\u00fd ukazatel pro porovn\u00e1n\u00ed a hl\u00e1s\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky od \u201epracant\u016f\u201c ve v\u00fd\u0161i 5,8\u00a0% z\u00a0HDP Ukrajiny. Dovezen\u00e1 m\u011bna se v\u0161ak v\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t obr\u00e1t\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed HDP s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Velocity_of_money\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">multiplik\u00e1torem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e jedna<\/a>.\r\n\r\nV\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pubdocs.worldbank.org\/en\/661301460400427908\/MigrationandDevelopmentBrief26.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku<\/a> Ukrajina je\u0161t\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed jako v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b bohat\u00e1 zem\u011b, t\u0159eba do T\u00e1d\u017eikist\u00e1nu pracovn\u00ed migranti p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bli \u010d\u00e1stku srovnatelnou s\u00a036,6\u00a0% zdej\u0161\u00edho HDP.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/remittance_ukraine.jpg\" width=\"864\" height=\"763\" \/>\r\n\r\nMo\u017en\u00e1 by bylo korektn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed srovn\u00e1vat pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed p\u0159evody se st\u00e1tn\u00edm rozpo\u010dtem Ukrajiny: p\u0159i tomto srovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u201epracanti\u201c obstar\u00e1vaj\u00ed cca 20\u00a0% ukrajinsk\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu.\r\n\r\nZaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee podle \u00fadaj\u016f N\u00e1rodn\u00ed banky tato l\u00e9ta ani nejsou pro Ukrajinu nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: v\u00a0roce 2013 hodnota pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch p\u0159evod\u016f p\u0159ekro\u010dila 8,5\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f.\r\n\r\nJe nutno uv\u00e9st, \u017ee jde o\u00a0norm\u00e1ln\u00ed situaci pro rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b. Po Druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/gesellschaft\/migration\/dossier-migration\/56377\/migrationspolitik-in-der-brd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statis\u00edce Ital\u016f<\/a> ode\u0161ly na z\u00e1klad\u011b mezist\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouvy jako gastarbeite\u0159i do N\u011bmecka. Celkem n\u011bmeck\u00fdm pracovn\u00edm trhem pro\u0161ly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/politik\/hintergrund-aktuell\/68921\/erstes-gastarbeiter-abkommen-20-12-2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u010dty\u0159i miliony<\/a> italsk\u00fdch d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f.\r\n\r\nPo letech se na Ukrajin\u011b objev\u00ed prvn\u00ed generace evropsk\u00fdch ukrajinsk\u00fdch d\u016fchodc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se po dlouholet\u00e9m pracovn\u00edm p\u016fsoben\u00ed v\u00a0EU vr\u00e1t\u00ed dom\u016f, aby zde sv\u016fj d\u016fchod utr\u00e1celi. N\u011b\u010d\u00edm podobn\u00fdm pro\u0161li Italov\u00e9, \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9, \u0158ekov\u00e9 \u010di Jugosl\u00e1vci.\r\n\r\nNakonec se tak bude Ukrajina postupn\u011b integrovat do Evropy. Kdy\u017e zem\u011b nevstupuje do EU, vstupuj\u00ed do n\u00ed jej\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9. U\u017e dnes si ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed pracovn\u00ed migranti obstar\u00e1vaj\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 pasy. Podle statistik EU v\u00a0roce 2015 p\u0159es 19\u00a0tis\u00edc Ukrajinc\u016f z\u00edskalo pasy zem\u00ed EU. P\u0159edn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dky pat\u0159\u00ed N\u011bmecku (4.917), Portugalsku (2.895), Polsku (1.957), It\u00e1lii (1.822), Rumunsku (1.672) a \u010cesku (1.042).\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/ukraine_eurostat.jpg\" width=\"708\" height=\"644\" \/>\r\n\r\nRok co rok asi 20\u00a0tis\u00edc ukrajinsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f z\u00edsk\u00e1 <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/Acquisition_of_citizenship_statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pas EU<\/a>. Jen v\u00a0samotn\u00e9m N\u011bmecku za posledn\u00edch 15\u00a0let z\u00edskalo n\u011bmeck\u00fd pas p\u0159es 50.000\u00a0Ukrajinc\u016f. Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee dne\u0161n\u00ed pasov\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy Ukrajinc\u016f jsou dozvukem migrace ze za\u010d\u00e1tku 2000.\u00a0let.\r\n\r\nV\u00fdznamn\u00fdm ukazatelem dne\u0161n\u00ed migrace jsou po\u010dty ukrajinsk\u00fdch student\u016f v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed: <a href=\"http:\/\/svitua.com.ua\/news\/201612\/1764-ukrayinski-studenty-polshchi-obyednuyutsya-dopomagaty-odyn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">31\u00a0tis\u00edc<\/a> v\u00a0Polsku, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 <a href=\"https:\/\/de.statista.com\/statistik\/daten\/studie\/301225\/umfrage\/auslaendische-studierende-in-deutschland-nach-herkunftslaendern\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10\u00a0tis\u00edc<\/a> v\u00a0N\u011bmecku <em>(pozn.: souhrnn\u00e9 statistiky UNESCO o\u00a0studentech viz <a href=\"http:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/en\/uis-student-flow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zde<\/a>)<\/em>. Za n\u011bkolik let z\u00edskaj\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 diplomy a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0nich se nav\u017edy usad\u00ed na nov\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, jin\u00ed se vr\u00e1t\u00ed. N\u011b\u010d\u00edm podobn\u00fdm pro\u0161li v\u0161ichni na\u0161i evrop\u0161t\u00ed soused\u00e9, kter\u00fdm se nepoda\u0159ilo nasko\u010dit do vlaku Marshallova pl\u00e1nu.\r\n\r\nNa Ukrajin\u011b ji\u017e d\u00e1vno ne\u017eije 52\u00a0milion\u016f, co\u017e mus\u00edme p\u0159ijmout jako skute\u010dnost: kdy\u017e st\u00e1t nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 ob\u010dany norm\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky k\u00a0\u017eivotu, lid\u00e9 vol\u00ed nohami. V\u0161ichni stejn\u011b neodejdou a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se v\u017edy vr\u00e1t\u00ed: bu\u010f z\u00a0nostalgie, nebo kv\u016fli lep\u0161\u00edm \u0161anc\u00edm na uplatn\u011bn\u00ed doma, pop\u0159. aby doma utratili d\u016fchod vyd\u011blan\u00fd v\u00a0Evrop\u011b. Ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady se v\u0161ak mus\u00ed nau\u010dit br\u00e1t ukrajinskou pracovn\u00ed migraci jako hotovou v\u011bc: po\u010dty t\u011bchto lid\u00ed budou jen nar\u016fstat a po n\u00e1vratu dom\u016f tito lid\u00e9 budou m\u011bnit \u017eivot, aby ho p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eili evropsk\u00e9mu \u017eivotn\u00edmu stylu, na n\u011bj\u017e si zvykli. Ukrajina se bude m\u011bnit a absolvuje cestu pomysln\u00e9ho Polska do EU. Je \u0161koda, \u017ee jsme promarnili tolik \u010dasu nostalgi\u00ed po USSR, dobr\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee jsme se p\u0159ece jen dostali z\u00a0ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy SSSR.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<em>Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek p\u0159ipravil k\u00a0publikaci <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/anton.pavlushko\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anton Pavlu\u0161ko<\/a><\/strong><\/em>\r\n\r\n<em><img class=\"alignleft \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/12\/InformNapalm_logo_05.png\" width=\"114\" height=\"50\" \/>(CC BY) Informace zpracov\u00e1ny speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro web <a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InformNapalm.org<\/a>, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159evzet\u00ed nebo pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je <strong>nutno <\/strong>uv\u00e9st funk\u010dn\u00ed odkaz na autory a na n\u00e1\u0161 projekt.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nP\u0159eklad: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scyhol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3276"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3278,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3276\/revisions\/3278"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}