{"id":3645,"date":"2017-10-29T23:23:59","date_gmt":"2017-10-29T23:23:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=3645"},"modified":"2017-10-31T23:30:56","modified_gmt":"2017-10-31T23:30:56","slug":"kasperskeho-kauza-kyberneticka-spionaz-jak-rusko-otevrelo-pandorinu-skrinku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/kasperskeho-kauza-kyberneticka-spionaz-jak-rusko-otevrelo-pandorinu-skrinku\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaspersk\u00e9ho kauza a kybernetick\u00e1 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e: jak Rusko otev\u0159elo Pando\u0159inu sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ku"},"content":{"rendered":"
Autor t\u00e9to publikace Sean Brian Townsend<\/a>, nez\u00e1visl\u00fd badatel ve sf\u00e9\u0159e informa\u010dn\u00ed a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti, protagonista a mluv\u010d\u00ed Ukrajinsk\u00e9 kybernetick\u00e9 aliance<\/a>, vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, jak si Kasperskij a FSB zahr\u00e1li na \u201ehackery\u201c The Shadow Brokers, aby nabourali a vyzradili tajn\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 produkty americk\u00e9 NSA. Kv\u016fli tomuto vyzrazen\u00ed se p\u0159ehnaly vyd\u011bra\u010dsk\u00e9 epidemie WannaCry, NotPetya a BadRabbit.
\nRedakce InformNapalmu nemus\u00ed sd\u00edlet n\u00e1zory autor\u016f publikac\u00ed v\u00a0rubrice [opinion]<\/a> a p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed voln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed textov\u00fd styl pro tuto \u010d\u00e1st.<\/h5>\n

Antivirov\u00fd software: m\u00fdty vs. skute\u010dnost<\/h2>\n

Kolem antivirov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed (AV) \u010dasto koluje mnoho m\u00fdt\u016f. U\u017eivatel\u00e9 je obvi\u0148uj\u00ed ze dvou smrteln\u00fdch h\u0159\u00edch\u016f: \u017ee samy p\u00ed\u0161ou viry kv\u016fli vlastn\u00edmu obohacen\u00ed a \u017ee antivir lze zneu\u017e\u00edt ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tyto m\u00fdty se sice nezakl\u00e1daj\u00ed na pravd\u011b, jsou v\u0161ak velmi vytrval\u00e9, v\u00fdrobci AV se tak nedok\u00e1\u017eou t\u011bchto konspira\u010dn\u00edch teori\u00ed zbavit ani po desetilet\u00edch. Podez\u0159en\u00ed vznik\u00e1 proto, \u017ee je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antivirov\u00e9ho softwaru zalo\u017eeno na d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Kaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 se dr\u017eela 25\u00a0let, nakonec v\u0161ak p\u0159ece jen neodolala. Tento antivir se tak nyn\u00ed nevryje do pam\u011bti jako ochr\u00e1nce, ale jako v\u00a0onom vtipu o\u00a0staviteli, koze a lidsk\u00e9 vd\u011b\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

M\u00fdty o\u00a0hackerech<\/h2>\n

M\u00fdt\u016f o\u00a0hackerech nen\u00ed o\u00a0nic m\u00e9n\u011b. V\u00a0masov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e je hackerstv\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako \u201esupermoc\u201c. Jak \u0159\u00edkal Arthur Clarke, \u201edostate\u010dn\u011b vyvinut\u00e1 technologie je k\u00a0nerozezn\u00e1n\u00ed od magie\u201c<\/em>. Postava v\u00a0masce Guye Fawkese \u00fadajn\u011b stiskne n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo tla\u010d\u00edtek a vyt\u00e1hne hesla z\u00a0\u201ehv\u011bzdi\u010dek\u201c, p\u0159evede milion dolar\u016f nebo p\u0159epne tunel do protism\u011brn\u00e9ho provozu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e rozs\u00e9v\u00e1 paniku a zk\u00e1zu. Nic takov\u00e9ho se ned\u011bje. P\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno se to d\u011bje, ale ne tak \u00fapln\u011b doslova.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina hacker\u016f p\u016fsob\u00ed v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 vymezen\u00e9 oblasti a vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 po\u010dtem, stabilitou a jednoduchost\u00ed technologi\u00ed, nikoli esoterick\u00fdm po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdm v\u00fad\u00fa. Z\u00e1kladem jsou jednoduch\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 a statistick\u00e9 z\u00e1konitosti. Lep\u0161\u00ed je tis\u00edckr\u00e1t z\u00edskat jednu korunu ne\u017e jedenkr\u00e1t tis\u00edcovku. \u0160ance jsou ne\u00fam\u011brn\u00e9. Hodnota c\u00edlov\u00e9ho \u00fatoku proto za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na n\u011bkolika tis\u00edc\u00edch dolar\u016f. V\u00fdvoj hackersk\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje \u010das (tud\u00ed\u017e tak\u00e9 pen\u00edze), kter\u00fd se d\u00e1 vynalo\u017eit na n\u011bco u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e pokusy prorazit hlavou ze\u010f.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edk\u00e1m to, abych zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee existuj\u00ed rozpoznateln\u00e9 vzorce chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 odli\u0161uj\u00ed hackery od t\u011bch, kdo se za n\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed vyd\u00e1vat. A v\u017edy je tu poku\u0161en\u00ed zahladit vlastn\u00ed chyby nebo zm\u00e1st stopy tak, \u017ee se v\u0161e hod\u00ed na hackersk\u00fd \u00fatok (\u201eI was hacked\u201c, \u201eVirus mi se\u017eral soubor s\u00a0n\u00e1vrhem rozpo\u010dtu\u201c, The Shadow Brokers). Jen m\u00e1lokdo rozum\u00ed tomu, jak hacke\u0159i pracuj\u00ed, podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdmluvy tak p\u016fsob\u00ed dost v\u011brohodn\u011b. Tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby v\u0161ak pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed docela konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed informace, nejsou omezeny \u010dasem, pen\u011bzi ani jak\u00fdmikoli etick\u00fdmi d\u016fvody. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a hotovo.<\/p>\n

Anab\u00e1ze s\u00a0\u00fanikem z\u00a0NSA (N\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed agentury USA) trvala n\u011bjak\u00fd ten rok. V\u00a0\u00fanoru 2015 Kaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 uve\u0159ejnila zpr\u00e1vu o\u00a0Equation Group<\/a> (jde o\u00a0k\u00f3dov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vymyslel Kasperskij <\/em>pro \u00fatvar NSA \u00fadajn\u011b se zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed kybernetickou rozv\u011bdkou). V\u00a0b\u0159eznu t\u00e9ho\u017e roku se agentura teprve vzpamatovala ze Snowdenova \u00faniku a dost na rovinu nazna\u010dila rusk\u00fdm bezpe\u010d\u00e1k\u016fm, \u017ee vlezli do nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zel\u00ed. Bloomberg uve\u0159ejnil \u010dl\u00e1nek Spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161 internet, m\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00e9 vazby na rusk\u00e9 \u0161piony<\/a>. Zakladatel spole\u010dnosti Jevgenij Kasperskij se tv\u00e1\u0159il, \u017ee t\u011bmto nar\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m nerozum\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Kasperskij spolupracuje s\u00a0rusk\u00fdmi tajn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm. Kaspersk\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010dalo t\u00edm, \u017ee ho podpo\u0159il b\u00fdval\u00fd vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0161koly KGB Re\u0161etnikov, i zam\u011bstnanci spole\u010dnosti se spolupr\u00e1c\u00ed s\u00a0tajn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami nejen\u017ee netaj\u00ed, ale jsou na ni tak\u00e9 pat\u0159i\u010dn\u011b hrd\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kancel\u00e1\u0159 \u010dasto nav\u0161t\u011bvuje policie. Kdy\u017e jsem p\u0159istoupil ke stolu, kolem n\u011bj u\u017e sed\u011bli dva mu\u017ei. \u201ePromluv\u00edme si za p\u011bt minut\u201c, po\u017e\u00e1dal je \u0160ev\u010denko a nab\u00eddl mi, abych se posadil. \u201eJe to odd\u011blen\u00ed K. P\u0159i\u0161li si pro dal\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu\u201c, \u0159ekl, jakmile mu\u017ei za sebou p\u0159iv\u0159eli dve\u0159e. \u201eFSB jsou u\u00a0n\u00e1s tak\u00e9 pe\u010den\u00ed va\u0159en\u00ed…\u201c \u0160ev\u010denko se ani nezamra\u010dil, kdy\u017e tuto zkratku vyslovil. (Novaja Gazeta, Gost\u011bv z\u00a0budoucnosti<\/a>, z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2005<\/strong>)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pro\u010d se NSA do Kaspersk\u00e9ho pustila teprve v\u00a0roce 2017<\/h2>\n

\u201ePro\u010d NSA zak\u00e1zala pou\u017e\u00edvat software od Kaspersk\u00e9ho teprve v\u00a0roce 2017? Je to p\u0159ece \u0161pion KGB!\u201c, zept\u00e1 se \u010dten\u00e1\u0159. Celou dobu p\u0159edt\u00edm toti\u017e \u0161lo jen o\u00a0vzorky \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho SW. Vzorek (neboli v\u00a0odborn\u00e9 hant\u00fdrce sample, t\u011bleso) je jen \u010d\u00e1st velk\u00e9ho programu. Jde pr\u00e1v\u011b o\u00a0onen virus, kter\u00fd by m\u011bly zachytit antiviry. V\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b vir\u016f vznik\u00e1 tolik, \u017ee by jejich anal\u00fdzu nezvl\u00e1dl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk ani spole\u010dnost. V\u011bt\u0161inu vir\u016f zachyt\u00ed automatika, do antiviru jsou zaintegrov\u00e1ny desetitis\u00edce nejasn\u00fdch pravidel, a kdy\u017e soubor p\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 podez\u0159ele, antivir ho za\u0161le mate\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti k\u00a0vyhodnocen\u00ed. Takto funguje v\u011bt\u0161ina antivir\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed sv\u011bta byly nejednou chyceny p\u0159i \u010dinu kv\u016fli autorstv\u00ed vir\u016f, kter\u00e9 zachyt\u00ed i antiviry. Kdyby \u0161lo o\u00a0pouh\u00e9 samply, americk\u00e9 tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby by o\u00a0tom poml\u010dely a dokonce ani nehrozily Kaspersk\u00e9mu prstem svobodn\u00e9ho tisku. U\u017e m\u011bly podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee se tentokr\u00e1t v\u0161e odehr\u00e1lo \u00fapln\u011b jinak ne\u017e obvykle. Kdy\u017e byla v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 2016 nabour\u00e1na DNC (Demokratick\u00e1 strana USA), z\u00a0\u00fatoku byli obvin\u011bni Rusov\u00e9. A hned v\u00a0srpnu se najednou zni\u010dehonic objev\u00ed dosud zcela nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 hackersk\u00e1 skupina The Shadow Brokers a prohl\u00e1s\u00ed, \u017ee nabourala<\/a> Equation Group<\/em>. A za\u010dala sd\u00edlet nikoli jen analytiku nebo samply, ale kompletn\u00ed soubory hackersk\u00e9ho softwaru i s\u00a0dokumentac\u00ed. Pen\u00edze stejn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadu NotPetya ve skute\u010dnosti nikoho nezaj\u00edmaly.<\/p>\n

Hacke\u0159i, nebo tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby (rozbor chov\u00e1n\u00ed bez rovn\u00edtka)<\/h2>\n

Byla to z\u00e1sadn\u00ed chyba. Kdyby \u0161lo o\u00a0hackery, prohl\u00e1sili by, \u017ee nabourali NSA nebo skupinu opera\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu NSA (TAO\u00a0\u2013 Office of Tailored Access Operations), zajist\u00e9 by v\u0161ak neozna\u010dovaly skupinu pomysln\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem, kter\u00fd (pozor) jim dal Kasperskij. Nemluv\u011b o\u00a0tom, \u017ee by hacke\u0159i jen tak ve\u0159ejn\u011b nesd\u00edleli n\u00e1stroje v\u00a0hodnot\u011b n\u011bkolika milion\u016f dolar\u016f\u00a0(!). Je to zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, nabourat po\u010d\u00edta\u010d a nepoznat, komu vlastn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed. NBA si n\u011bkdy z\u00a0legrace \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 No Such Agency (Takov\u00e1 Agentura Neexistuje), v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak Equation Group, co\u017e vymyslel n\u011bjak\u00fd Rus.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed stoj\u00ed v\u00a0pozad\u00ed The Shadow Brokers, bu\u010f nedocenili relativn\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017enost uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, nebo naopak ch\u00e1pali, \u017ee tak zraniteln\u00e9 v\u011bci jako Eternal Blue nebo Eternal Romance hned vyu\u017eij\u00ed \u010dern\u00ed hacke\u0159i. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ti, kdo se bude cht\u00edt za \u010dern\u00e9 hackery vyd\u00e1vat<\/em>. Co\u017e by m\u011blo odpoutat obecnou pozornost od Trumpgate, rusk\u00fdch hacker\u016f a \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edch operac\u00ed. P\u0159esn\u011b to se stalo, \u201evyd\u011bra\u010di\u201c WannaCry, NotPetya a BadRabiit pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed produkty z\u00a0d\u00edlny NSA, kter\u00e9 nasd\u00edleli The Shadow Brokers<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201eHackersk\u00fd skand\u00e1l\u201c v\u0161ak st\u00e1le nepolevoval. The Shadow Brokers pokra\u010dovali ve vyzrazov\u00e1n\u00ed produkt\u016f NSA. A agentura toho nakonec m\u011bla definitivn\u011b dost. Na ja\u0159e 2017 se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161it z\u00e1kaz pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Kaspersk\u00e9ho antiviru ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m sektoru USA, a kdy\u017e byl tento z\u00e1kaz schv\u00e1len, rusk\u00fd antivir odm\u00edtli prod\u00e1vat nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed prodejci. Pro\u010d tak pozd\u011b? Rusov\u00e9 a Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 toti\u017e nejsou jedin\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky kybernetick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, v\u00a0tomt\u00e9\u017e roce 2015 se do t\u00e9to v\u00e1lky zapojily i tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby Izraele (k\u00f3dov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed Duqu).<\/p>\n

Izraelsk\u00e1 rozv\u011bdka nabourala Kaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 a n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch velk\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Na tento \u00fatok se p\u0159i\u0161lo v\u00a0\u010dervnu 2015 (Kaspersky Lab investigates hacker attack on its own network<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 Kaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 vy\u0161et\u0159uje hackersk\u00fd \u00fatok proti vlastn\u00ed podnikov\u00e9 s\u00edti). Izraelsk\u00e1 intervence nebyla v\u016fbec n\u00e1hodn\u00e1. Nebylo to poprv\u00e9, co Kasperskij h\u00e1z\u00ed klacky pod nohy rozv\u011bdce (Stuxnet). T\u00edm na sebe upoutal pozornost t\u011bch nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f. Uzel se ut\u00e1hl pevn\u011b. Kaspersk\u00e9mu na krku.<\/p>\n

Co se vlastn\u011b stalo: moje verze<\/h2>\n

Trh s\u00a0antiviry za\u010dal b\u00fdt pro Kaspersk\u00e9ho moc mal\u00fd. P\u0159id\u00e1vat do datab\u00e1ze 100.500.000.\u00a0bankovn\u00ed trojan (nejde o\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dnou nads\u00e1zku) je velk\u00e1 nuda. A tak se Kaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 pustila do \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edch hr\u00e1tek. Z\u00a0katalogu ANT NSA (Snowden, prosinec 2013\u00a0(!) zjistili k\u00f3dov\u00e1 ozna\u010den\u00ed tajn\u00fdch program\u016f NSA. Jako je t\u0159eba COTTONMOUTH (\u201ebavln\u011bn\u00e1 \u00fasta\u201c). Pak by se tento v\u00fdraz dal vyhled\u00e1vat mezi nasb\u00edran\u00fdmi podez\u0159el\u00fdmi soubory (t\u011bch m\u00e1 Kasperskij des\u00edtky, ne-li stovky milion\u016f). Dal by se tak\u00e9 p\u0159idat speci\u00e1ln\u00ed postup do antivirov\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n

Datab\u00e1ze dne\u0161n\u00edch antivir\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed nejen vyhled\u00e1vac\u00ed \u0161ablony, ale i k\u00f3d. A kdy\u017e Kasperskij Ameri\u010dan\u016fm nab\u00edz\u00ed, aby prov\u011b\u0159ili k\u00f3d jeho antiviru na p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u201ez\u00e1lo\u017eek\u201c, jde o\u00a0oby\u010dejnou lest. Antivirov\u00e1 datab\u00e1ze m\u00e1 tis\u00edce subprogram\u016f, prov\u011b\u0159it je v\u0161echny nen\u00ed v\u016fbec mo\u017en\u00e9, nav\u00edc se mohou zm\u011bnit hned po prvn\u00ed aktualizaci. K\u00f3d m\u016f\u017ee vypadat takto: libovoln\u00fd soubor obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed slovo z\u00a011\u00a0p\u00edsmen, jejich\u017e sou\u010det je 164 (A=1, B=2,…) se mus\u00ed odeslat na \u201est\u0159edisko\u201c k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdze. Co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee soubor obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dek COTTONMOUTH bude odesl\u00e1n do KSN (Kaspersky Security Network\u00a0\u2013 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b podez\u0159el\u00fdch soubor\u016f). Kdy\u017e se pou\u017eije algoritmus o\u00a0n\u011bco slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pouh\u00e9 s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd rozbor k\u00f3du neumo\u017en\u00ed prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee Kasperskij nehledal n\u011bjak\u00fd prehistorick\u00fd virus z\u00a0dob MS DOS, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b tajn\u00fd americk\u00fd produkt.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e Ameri\u010dan\u016fm do\u0161lo, \u017ee Kasperskij nezkoum\u00e1 jejich v\u00edry n\u00e1hodn\u011b, ale c\u00edlen\u011b, pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy vyslali varovn\u00fd vzkaz prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Bloombergu<\/em>. Kv\u016fli n\u00e1hodn\u00e9mu ojedin\u011bl\u00e9mu prozrazen\u00ed by se nikdo ani neobt\u011b\u017eoval, aby nemusel poru\u0161ovat re\u017eim utajen\u00ed. Izraelci, kte\u0159\u00ed nabourali Laborato\u0159, tu v\u0161ak podle v\u0161eho na\u0161li nejen samostatn\u00e1 t\u011blesa vir\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 dokumenty a pomocn\u00fd ne\u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d<\/em>. Kasperskij neidentifikoval jen v\u00edry, ale i po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, na nich\u017e byly naps\u00e1ny a testov\u00e1ny. Co na t\u011bchto po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch d\u011blal Kaspersk\u00e9ho antivir, je na samostatn\u00e9 pov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed. Jevgenij Kasperskij neodolal, poru\u0161il prvn\u00ed p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed antivirov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed nepou\u017e\u00edvat k\u00a0nabour\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00ed produkt a cel\u00fd obsah po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f dokonale vyb\u00edlil. A pak se patrn\u011b pustil do vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed: bu\u010f p\u0159estanete obvi\u0148ovat rusk\u00e9 hackery, nebo The Shadow Brokers uve\u0159ejn\u00ed informace o\u00a0tom, jak vy nabour\u00e1v\u00e1te ty ostatn\u00ed. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee Kasperskij nejd\u0159\u00edve p\u0159edal informace FSB, kter\u00e1 pak s\u00a0kraden\u00fdmi daty nedok\u00e1zala rozumn\u011b nalo\u017eit a vyu\u017eila je k\u00a0politick\u00e9mu n\u00e1tlaku.<\/p>\n

J\u2019accuse! Jsem si zcela jist\u00fd, \u017ee Kaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 a \u201ehackersk\u00e1\u201c skupina The Shadow Brokers je jedno a tot\u00e9\u017e<\/strong>. Bez ohledu na to, zda v\u00a0Kaspersk\u00e9ho pozad\u00ed stoj\u00ed FSB, nebo spunktoval v\u0161echno s\u00e1m. Odbo\u010dkou tohoto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu je Kyberberkut a nabour\u00e1n\u00ed \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed volebn\u00ed komise v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 2014. Kyberberkut je low tech skupina, kter\u00e1 se specializuje hlavn\u011b na vyzrazen\u00ed. Po \u00fatoku v\u0161ak prohl\u00e1sili, \u017ee pou\u017eili exploit nult\u00e9ho dne v\u00a0Cisco. Mohli napsat cokoli nebo zcela poml\u010det, napsali v\u0161ak p\u0159esn\u011b takto. Nikdo jim tehdy neuv\u011b\u0159il. Exploity nult\u00e9ho dne pro Cisco v\u0161ak pat\u0159\u00ed NSA, i The Shadow Brokers je zve\u0159ejnili hned v\u00a0prvn\u00ed v\u00e1rce hacknut\u00fdch soubor\u016f Equation Group.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1st z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f je zat\u00edm <\/strong>kontemplativn\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b celkov\u011b v\u0161e p\u016fsob\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b tak, jak jsem p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal<\/a>. Nyn\u00ed m\u00e1me v\u0161echny komponenty hlavolamu: \u00da\u0159ad prezidenta RF, kter\u00fd ud\u00e1v\u00e1 celkov\u00e9 politick\u00e9 sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010dern\u00e9 hackery v\u0161eho druhu, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b a m\u016f\u017ee se jednat jak o\u00a0skute\u010dn\u00e9 hackery, tak o\u00a0kryc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, a nakonec Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slu\u017ebu (FSB), kter\u00e1 \u00fazce spolupracuje s\u00a0v\u00fdrobci SW a firmami podnikaj\u00edc\u00edmi v\u00a0IT bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

A v\u00a0tu chv\u00edli \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd na prvn\u00ed pohled nep\u016fsob\u00ed jako hloup\u00fd, se dopust\u00ed fat\u00e1ln\u00ed chyby. Jevgenij Kasperskij v\u00a0rozhovoru pro Assotiated Press potvrdil<\/a>, \u017ee m\u011bl k\u00a0dispozici nejen t\u011blesa vir\u016f (ta se k\u00a0n\u011bmu mohla dostat p\u0159irozenou cestou), ale tak\u00e9 pomocn\u00fd software a tajn\u00e9 dokumenty, kter\u00e9 mohl z\u00edskat pouze nabour\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Kasperskij tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se soubory k\u00a0odborn\u00edk\u016fm spole\u010dnosti dostaly v\u00a0r\u00e1mci sb\u011bru informac\u00ed o\u00a0hackersk\u00e9 skupin\u011b Equation Group, kter\u00e1 \u00fadajn\u011b spolupracovala s\u00a0NSA. Podle podnikatele, kdy\u017e se o\u00a0ne\u010dekan\u00e9m n\u00e1lezu dozv\u011bd\u011bl, po\u017e\u00e1dal, aby byla tato data ihned smaz\u00e1na. (\u201eKaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 necht\u011bn\u011b st\u00e1hla tajn\u00e9 dokumenty NSA\u201c)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed ani na tom, zda je v\u00e1\u017en\u011b nechal \u201esmazal\u201c. Ve skute\u010dnosti ne. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee Kasperskij p\u0159iznal, \u017ee opravdu pomysln\u011b \u201euk\u0159i\u017eoval chlape\u010dka v\u00a0samotn\u00fdch tren\u00fdrk\u00e1ch\u201c, tedy zneu\u017eil antivir k\u00a0nabour\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ei<\/strong>. A tak\u00e9 minim\u00e1ln\u011b vyprovokoval (ne-li zorganizoval<\/em>) virovou pandemii<\/strong>. Otev\u0159el Pando\u0159inu sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ku, na jej\u00edm\u017e dn\u011b nen\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1sad\u011b v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nad\u011bje!<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e je dohoda jednou poru\u0161ena (jak se to stalo s\u00a0Budape\u0161\u0165sk\u00fdm memorandem), syst\u00e9m kolektivn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti u\u017e nefunguje. A m\u00e1me tu co d\u011blat nejen s\u00a0obvykl\u00fdm soubojem kybernetick\u00fdch \u0161pion\u016f, ale s\u00a0\u00fa\u010dast\u00ed ve sv\u011btov\u00e9 kybernetick\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Stejn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky Rus\u016fm ani nedo\u0161lo, \u017ee p\u0159ekro\u010dili sice neviditeln\u00fd, ale velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fd p\u0159ed\u011bl. A te\u010f budou m\u00e1vat rukama a na\u0159\u00edkat: \u201eA pro\u010d my?\u201c, \u201ePro\u010d oni m\u016f\u017eou, ale my ne?\u201c Opravdu to nech\u00e1pou, co\u017e ov\u0161em nic nem\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee kv\u016fli jejich \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9mu po\u010d\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed se ji\u017e nevratn\u011b zm\u011bnil cel\u00fd sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n

\n
Redakce InformNapalmu nemus\u00ed sd\u00edlet n\u00e1zory autor\u016f v\u00a0rubrik\u00e1ch [n\u00e1zor\u00a0\/ opinion] <\/strong>a [ob\u010dansk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost\u00a0\/ civil society]<\/strong>. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky se zve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed pro informativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely.<\/h5>\n
\n

P\u0159eklad: Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Autor t\u00e9to publikace Sean Brian Townsend, nez\u00e1visl\u00fd badatel ve sf\u00e9\u0159e informa\u010dn\u00ed a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti, protagonista a mluv\u010d\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":3646,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3235,516],"tags":[3236,3237,2727,801,3238,3239],"class_list":["post-3645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-nazor","category-all-news","tag-equation-group","tag-kaspersky","tag-kyberberkut","tag-kyberneticka-valka","tag-nsa","tag-the-shadow-brokers"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKaspersk\u00e9ho kauza a kybernetick\u00e1 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e: jak Rusko otev\u0159elo Pando\u0159inu sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ku - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/kasperskeho-kauza-kyberneticka-spionaz-jak-rusko-otevrelo-pandorinu-skrinku\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kaspersk\u00e9ho kauza a kybernetick\u00e1 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e: jak Rusko otev\u0159elo Pando\u0159inu sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ku - 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Kv\u016fli tomuto vyzrazen\u00ed se p\u0159ehnaly vyd\u011bra\u010dsk\u00e9 epidemie WannaCry, NotPetya a BadRabbit.\r\nRedakce InformNapalmu nemus\u00ed sd\u00edlet n\u00e1zory autor\u016f publikac\u00ed v\u00a0rubrice <a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/category\/opinion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[opinion]<\/a> a p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed voln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed textov\u00fd styl pro tuto \u010d\u00e1st.<\/h5>\r\n<h2>Antivirov\u00fd software: m\u00fdty vs. skute\u010dnost<\/h2>\r\nKolem antivirov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed (AV) \u010dasto koluje mnoho m\u00fdt\u016f. U\u017eivatel\u00e9 je obvi\u0148uj\u00ed ze dvou smrteln\u00fdch h\u0159\u00edch\u016f: \u017ee samy p\u00ed\u0161ou viry kv\u016fli vlastn\u00edmu obohacen\u00ed a \u017ee antivir lze zneu\u017e\u00edt ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tyto m\u00fdty se sice nezakl\u00e1daj\u00ed na pravd\u011b, jsou v\u0161ak velmi vytrval\u00e9, v\u00fdrobci AV se tak nedok\u00e1\u017eou t\u011bchto konspira\u010dn\u00edch teori\u00ed zbavit ani po desetilet\u00edch. Podez\u0159en\u00ed vznik\u00e1 proto, \u017ee je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antivirov\u00e9ho softwaru zalo\u017eeno na d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e.\r\n\r\nKaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 se dr\u017eela 25\u00a0let, nakonec v\u0161ak p\u0159ece jen neodolala. Tento antivir se tak nyn\u00ed nevryje do pam\u011bti jako ochr\u00e1nce, ale jako v\u00a0onom vtipu o\u00a0staviteli, koze a lidsk\u00e9 vd\u011b\u010dnosti.\r\n<h2>M\u00fdty o\u00a0hackerech<\/h2>\r\nM\u00fdt\u016f o\u00a0hackerech nen\u00ed o\u00a0nic m\u00e9n\u011b. V\u00a0masov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e je hackerstv\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako \u201esupermoc\u201c. Jak \u0159\u00edkal Arthur Clarke, <em>\u201edostate\u010dn\u011b vyvinut\u00e1 technologie je k\u00a0nerozezn\u00e1n\u00ed od magie\u201c<\/em>. Postava v\u00a0masce Guye Fawkese \u00fadajn\u011b stiskne n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo tla\u010d\u00edtek a vyt\u00e1hne hesla z\u00a0\u201ehv\u011bzdi\u010dek\u201c, p\u0159evede milion dolar\u016f nebo p\u0159epne tunel do protism\u011brn\u00e9ho provozu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e rozs\u00e9v\u00e1 paniku a zk\u00e1zu. Nic takov\u00e9ho se ned\u011bje. P\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno se to d\u011bje, ale ne tak \u00fapln\u011b doslova.\r\n\r\nV\u011bt\u0161ina hacker\u016f p\u016fsob\u00ed v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 vymezen\u00e9 oblasti a vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 po\u010dtem, stabilitou a jednoduchost\u00ed technologi\u00ed, nikoli esoterick\u00fdm po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdm v\u00fad\u00fa. Z\u00e1kladem jsou jednoduch\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 a statistick\u00e9 z\u00e1konitosti. Lep\u0161\u00ed je tis\u00edckr\u00e1t z\u00edskat jednu korunu ne\u017e jedenkr\u00e1t tis\u00edcovku. \u0160ance jsou ne\u00fam\u011brn\u00e9. Hodnota c\u00edlov\u00e9ho \u00fatoku proto za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na n\u011bkolika tis\u00edc\u00edch dolar\u016f. V\u00fdvoj hackersk\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje \u010das (tud\u00ed\u017e tak\u00e9 pen\u00edze), kter\u00fd se d\u00e1 vynalo\u017eit na n\u011bco u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e pokusy prorazit hlavou ze\u010f.\r\n\r\n\u0158\u00edk\u00e1m to, abych zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee existuj\u00ed rozpoznateln\u00e9 vzorce chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 odli\u0161uj\u00ed hackery od t\u011bch, kdo se za n\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed vyd\u00e1vat. A v\u017edy je tu poku\u0161en\u00ed zahladit vlastn\u00ed chyby nebo zm\u00e1st stopy tak, \u017ee se v\u0161e hod\u00ed na hackersk\u00fd \u00fatok (\u201eI was hacked\u201c, \u201eVirus mi se\u017eral soubor s\u00a0n\u00e1vrhem rozpo\u010dtu\u201c, The Shadow Brokers). Jen m\u00e1lokdo rozum\u00ed tomu, jak hacke\u0159i pracuj\u00ed, podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdmluvy tak p\u016fsob\u00ed dost v\u011brohodn\u011b. Tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby v\u0161ak pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed docela konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed informace, nejsou omezeny \u010dasem, pen\u011bzi ani jak\u00fdmikoli etick\u00fdmi d\u016fvody. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a hotovo.\r\n\r\nAnab\u00e1ze s\u00a0\u00fanikem z\u00a0NSA (N\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed agentury USA) trvala n\u011bjak\u00fd ten rok. V\u00a0\u00fanoru 2015 Kaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 uve\u0159ejnila <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.ru\/about\/press-releases\/2015_moshhnee-stuxnet-i-flame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zpr\u00e1vu o\u00a0Equation Group<\/a> (jde o\u00a0k\u00f3dov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 <em>vymyslel Kasperskij <\/em>pro \u00fatvar NSA \u00fadajn\u011b se zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed kybernetickou rozv\u011bdkou). V\u00a0b\u0159eznu t\u00e9ho\u017e roku se agentura teprve vzpamatovala ze Snowdenova \u00faniku a dost na rovinu nazna\u010dila rusk\u00fdm bezpe\u010d\u00e1k\u016fm, \u017ee vlezli do nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zel\u00ed. Bloomberg uve\u0159ejnil \u010dl\u00e1nek <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2015-03-19\/cybersecurity-kaspersky-has-close-ties-to-russian-spies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161 internet, m\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00e9 vazby na rusk\u00e9 \u0161piony<\/a>. Zakladatel spole\u010dnosti Jevgenij Kasperskij se tv\u00e1\u0159il, \u017ee t\u011bmto <a href=\"http:\/\/e-kaspersky.livejournal.com\/216149.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nar\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m nerozum\u00ed<\/a>.\r\n\r\nSamotn\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Kasperskij spolupracuje s\u00a0rusk\u00fdmi tajn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm. Kaspersk\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010dalo t\u00edm, \u017ee ho podpo\u0159il b\u00fdval\u00fd vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0161koly KGB Re\u0161etnikov, i zam\u011bstnanci spole\u010dnosti se spolupr\u00e1c\u00ed s\u00a0tajn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami nejen\u017ee netaj\u00ed, ale jsou na ni tak\u00e9 pat\u0159i\u010dn\u011b hrd\u00ed.\r\n<blockquote><em>Kancel\u00e1\u0159 \u010dasto nav\u0161t\u011bvuje policie. Kdy\u017e jsem p\u0159istoupil ke stolu, kolem n\u011bj u\u017e sed\u011bli dva mu\u017ei. \u201ePromluv\u00edme si za p\u011bt minut\u201c, po\u017e\u00e1dal je \u0160ev\u010denko a nab\u00eddl mi, abych se posadil. \u201eJe to odd\u011blen\u00ed K. P\u0159i\u0161li si pro dal\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu\u201c, \u0159ekl, jakmile mu\u017ei za sebou p\u0159iv\u0159eli dve\u0159e. \u201eFSB jsou u\u00a0n\u00e1s tak\u00e9 pe\u010den\u00ed va\u0159en\u00ed...\u201c \u0160ev\u010denko se ani nezamra\u010dil, kdy\u017e tuto zkratku vyslovil. (Novaja Gazeta, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.novayagazeta.ru\/articles\/2005\/09\/12\/24469-gostev-iz-buduschego\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gost\u011bv z\u00a0budoucnosti<\/a>, <strong>z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2005<\/strong>)<\/em><\/blockquote>\r\n<h2>Pro\u010d se NSA do Kaspersk\u00e9ho pustila teprve v\u00a0roce 2017<\/h2>\r\n\u201ePro\u010d NSA zak\u00e1zala pou\u017e\u00edvat software od Kaspersk\u00e9ho teprve v\u00a0roce 2017? Je to p\u0159ece \u0161pion KGB!\u201c, zept\u00e1 se \u010dten\u00e1\u0159. Celou dobu p\u0159edt\u00edm toti\u017e \u0161lo jen o\u00a0vzorky \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho SW. Vzorek (neboli v\u00a0odborn\u00e9 hant\u00fdrce sample, t\u011bleso) je jen \u010d\u00e1st velk\u00e9ho programu. Jde pr\u00e1v\u011b o\u00a0onen virus, kter\u00fd by m\u011bly zachytit antiviry. V\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b vir\u016f vznik\u00e1 tolik, \u017ee by jejich anal\u00fdzu nezvl\u00e1dl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk ani spole\u010dnost. V\u011bt\u0161inu vir\u016f zachyt\u00ed automatika, do antiviru jsou zaintegrov\u00e1ny desetitis\u00edce nejasn\u00fdch pravidel, a kdy\u017e soubor p\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 podez\u0159ele, antivir ho za\u0161le mate\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti k\u00a0vyhodnocen\u00ed. Takto funguje v\u011bt\u0161ina antivir\u016f.\r\n\r\nTajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed sv\u011bta byly nejednou chyceny p\u0159i \u010dinu kv\u016fli autorstv\u00ed vir\u016f, kter\u00e9 zachyt\u00ed i antiviry. Kdyby \u0161lo o\u00a0pouh\u00e9 samply, americk\u00e9 tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby by o\u00a0tom poml\u010dely a dokonce ani nehrozily Kaspersk\u00e9mu prstem svobodn\u00e9ho tisku. U\u017e m\u011bly podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee se tentokr\u00e1t v\u0161e odehr\u00e1lo \u00fapln\u011b jinak ne\u017e obvykle. Kdy\u017e byla v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 2016 nabour\u00e1na DNC (Demokratick\u00e1 strana USA), z\u00a0\u00fatoku byli obvin\u011bni Rusov\u00e9. A hned v\u00a0srpnu se najednou zni\u010dehonic objev\u00ed dosud zcela <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160816004542\/http:\/pastebin.com\/NDTU5kJQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 hackersk\u00e1 skupina The Shadow Brokers a prohl\u00e1s\u00ed, \u017ee nabourala<\/a> <em>Equation Group<\/em>. A za\u010dala sd\u00edlet nikoli jen analytiku nebo samply, ale kompletn\u00ed soubory hackersk\u00e9ho softwaru i s\u00a0dokumentac\u00ed. Pen\u00edze stejn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadu NotPetya ve skute\u010dnosti nikoho nezaj\u00edmaly.\r\n<h2>Hacke\u0159i, nebo tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby (rozbor chov\u00e1n\u00ed bez rovn\u00edtka)<\/h2>\r\nByla to z\u00e1sadn\u00ed chyba. Kdyby \u0161lo o\u00a0hackery, prohl\u00e1sili by, \u017ee nabourali NSA nebo skupinu opera\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu NSA (TAO\u00a0\u2013 Office of Tailored Access Operations), zajist\u00e9 by v\u0161ak neozna\u010dovaly skupinu pomysln\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem, kter\u00fd (pozor) jim dal Kasperskij. Nemluv\u011b o\u00a0tom, \u017ee by hacke\u0159i jen tak ve\u0159ejn\u011b nesd\u00edleli n\u00e1stroje v\u00a0hodnot\u011b n\u011bkolika milion\u016f dolar\u016f\u00a0(!). Je to zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, nabourat po\u010d\u00edta\u010d a nepoznat, komu vlastn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed. NBA si n\u011bkdy z\u00a0legrace \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 No Such Agency (Takov\u00e1 Agentura Neexistuje), v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak Equation Group, co\u017e vymyslel n\u011bjak\u00fd Rus.\r\n\r\nLid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed stoj\u00ed v\u00a0pozad\u00ed The Shadow Brokers, bu\u010f nedocenili relativn\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017enost uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, nebo naopak ch\u00e1pali, \u017ee tak zraniteln\u00e9 v\u011bci jako Eternal Blue nebo Eternal Romance hned vyu\u017eij\u00ed \u010dern\u00ed hacke\u0159i. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ti, kdo se bude cht\u00edt za \u010dern\u00e9 hackery <em>vyd\u00e1vat<\/em>. Co\u017e by m\u011blo odpoutat obecnou pozornost od Trumpgate, rusk\u00fdch hacker\u016f a \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edch operac\u00ed. P\u0159esn\u011b to se stalo, \u201evyd\u011bra\u010di\u201c WannaCry, NotPetya a BadRabiit pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/petrimazepa.com\/wordcyberwar.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">produkty z\u00a0d\u00edlny NSA, kter\u00e9 nasd\u00edleli The Shadow Brokers<\/a>.\r\n\r\n\u201eHackersk\u00fd skand\u00e1l\u201c v\u0161ak st\u00e1le nepolevoval. The Shadow Brokers pokra\u010dovali ve vyzrazov\u00e1n\u00ed produkt\u016f NSA. A agentura toho nakonec m\u011bla definitivn\u011b dost. Na ja\u0159e 2017 se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161it z\u00e1kaz pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Kaspersk\u00e9ho antiviru ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m sektoru USA, a kdy\u017e byl tento z\u00e1kaz schv\u00e1len, rusk\u00fd antivir odm\u00edtli prod\u00e1vat nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed prodejci. Pro\u010d tak pozd\u011b? Rusov\u00e9 a Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 toti\u017e nejsou jedin\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky kybernetick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, v\u00a0tomt\u00e9\u017e roce 2015 se do t\u00e9to v\u00e1lky zapojily i tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby Izraele (k\u00f3dov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed Duqu).\r\n\r\nIzraelsk\u00e1 rozv\u011bdka nabourala Kaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 a n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch velk\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Na tento \u00fatok se p\u0159i\u0161lo v\u00a0\u010dervnu 2015 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com\/blog\/kaspersky-statement-duqu-attack\/8997\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaspersky Lab investigates hacker attack on its own network<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 Kaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 vy\u0161et\u0159uje hackersk\u00fd \u00fatok proti vlastn\u00ed podnikov\u00e9 s\u00edti). Izraelsk\u00e1 intervence nebyla v\u016fbec n\u00e1hodn\u00e1. Nebylo to poprv\u00e9, co Kasperskij h\u00e1z\u00ed klacky pod nohy rozv\u011bdce (Stuxnet). T\u00edm na sebe upoutal pozornost t\u011bch nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f. Uzel se ut\u00e1hl pevn\u011b. Kaspersk\u00e9mu na krku.\r\n<h2>Co se vlastn\u011b stalo: moje verze<\/h2>\r\nTrh s\u00a0antiviry za\u010dal b\u00fdt pro Kaspersk\u00e9ho moc mal\u00fd. P\u0159id\u00e1vat do datab\u00e1ze 100.500.000.\u00a0bankovn\u00ed trojan (nejde o\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dnou nads\u00e1zku) je velk\u00e1 nuda. A tak se Kaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 pustila do \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edch hr\u00e1tek. Z\u00a0katalogu ANT NSA (Snowden, prosinec 2013\u00a0(!) zjistili k\u00f3dov\u00e1 ozna\u010den\u00ed tajn\u00fdch program\u016f NSA. Jako je t\u0159eba COTTONMOUTH (\u201ebavln\u011bn\u00e1 \u00fasta\u201c). Pak by se tento v\u00fdraz dal vyhled\u00e1vat mezi nasb\u00edran\u00fdmi podez\u0159el\u00fdmi soubory (t\u011bch m\u00e1 Kasperskij des\u00edtky, ne-li stovky milion\u016f). Dal by se tak\u00e9 p\u0159idat speci\u00e1ln\u00ed postup do antivirov\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze.\r\n\r\nDatab\u00e1ze dne\u0161n\u00edch antivir\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed nejen vyhled\u00e1vac\u00ed \u0161ablony, ale i k\u00f3d. A kdy\u017e Kasperskij Ameri\u010dan\u016fm nab\u00edz\u00ed, aby prov\u011b\u0159ili k\u00f3d jeho antiviru na p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u201ez\u00e1lo\u017eek\u201c, jde o\u00a0oby\u010dejnou lest. Antivirov\u00e1 datab\u00e1ze m\u00e1 tis\u00edce subprogram\u016f, prov\u011b\u0159it je v\u0161echny nen\u00ed v\u016fbec mo\u017en\u00e9, nav\u00edc se mohou zm\u011bnit hned po prvn\u00ed aktualizaci. K\u00f3d m\u016f\u017ee vypadat takto: libovoln\u00fd soubor obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed slovo z\u00a011\u00a0p\u00edsmen, jejich\u017e sou\u010det je 164 (A=1, B=2,...) se mus\u00ed odeslat na \u201est\u0159edisko\u201c k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdze. Co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee soubor obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dek COTTONMOUTH bude odesl\u00e1n do KSN (Kaspersky Security Network\u00a0\u2013 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b podez\u0159el\u00fdch soubor\u016f). Kdy\u017e se pou\u017eije algoritmus o\u00a0n\u011bco slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pouh\u00e9 s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd rozbor k\u00f3du neumo\u017en\u00ed prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee Kasperskij nehledal n\u011bjak\u00fd prehistorick\u00fd virus z\u00a0dob MS DOS, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b tajn\u00fd americk\u00fd produkt.\r\n\r\nKdy\u017e Ameri\u010dan\u016fm do\u0161lo, \u017ee Kasperskij nezkoum\u00e1 jejich v\u00edry n\u00e1hodn\u011b, ale c\u00edlen\u011b, pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy vyslali varovn\u00fd vzkaz prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <em>Bloombergu<\/em>. Kv\u016fli n\u00e1hodn\u00e9mu ojedin\u011bl\u00e9mu prozrazen\u00ed by se nikdo ani neobt\u011b\u017eoval, aby nemusel poru\u0161ovat re\u017eim utajen\u00ed. Izraelci, kte\u0159\u00ed nabourali Laborato\u0159, tu v\u0161ak podle v\u0161eho na\u0161li nejen samostatn\u00e1 t\u011blesa vir\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 dokumenty a pomocn\u00fd <em>ne\u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d<\/em>. Kasperskij neidentifikoval jen v\u00edry, ale i po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, na nich\u017e byly naps\u00e1ny a testov\u00e1ny. Co na t\u011bchto po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch d\u011blal Kaspersk\u00e9ho antivir, je na samostatn\u00e9 pov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed. Jevgenij Kasperskij neodolal, poru\u0161il prvn\u00ed p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed antivirov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed nepou\u017e\u00edvat k\u00a0nabour\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00ed produkt a cel\u00fd obsah po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f dokonale vyb\u00edlil. A pak se patrn\u011b pustil do vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed: bu\u010f p\u0159estanete obvi\u0148ovat rusk\u00e9 hackery, nebo The Shadow Brokers uve\u0159ejn\u00ed informace o\u00a0tom, jak vy nabour\u00e1v\u00e1te ty ostatn\u00ed. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee Kasperskij nejd\u0159\u00edve p\u0159edal informace FSB, kter\u00e1 pak s\u00a0kraden\u00fdmi daty nedok\u00e1zala rozumn\u011b nalo\u017eit a vyu\u017eila je k\u00a0politick\u00e9mu n\u00e1tlaku.\r\n\r\nJ\u2019accuse! Jsem si zcela jist\u00fd, \u017ee Kaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 a \u201ehackersk\u00e1\u201c skupina The Shadow Brokers je <strong>jedno a tot\u00e9\u017e<\/strong>. Bez ohledu na to, zda v\u00a0Kaspersk\u00e9ho pozad\u00ed stoj\u00ed FSB, nebo spunktoval v\u0161echno s\u00e1m. Odbo\u010dkou tohoto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu je Kyberberkut a nabour\u00e1n\u00ed \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed volebn\u00ed komise v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 2014. Kyberberkut je low tech skupina, kter\u00e1 se specializuje hlavn\u011b na vyzrazen\u00ed. Po \u00fatoku v\u0161ak prohl\u00e1sili, \u017ee pou\u017eili exploit nult\u00e9ho dne v\u00a0Cisco. Mohli napsat cokoli nebo zcela poml\u010det, napsali v\u0161ak p\u0159esn\u011b takto. Nikdo jim tehdy neuv\u011b\u0159il. Exploity nult\u00e9ho dne pro Cisco v\u0161ak pat\u0159\u00ed NSA, i The Shadow Brokers je zve\u0159ejnili hned v\u00a0prvn\u00ed v\u00e1rce hacknut\u00fdch soubor\u016f Equation Group.\r\n\r\n\u010c\u00e1st z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f je <strong>zat\u00edm <\/strong>kontemplativn\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b celkov\u011b v\u0161e p\u016fsob\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b tak, <a href=\"https:\/\/petrimazepa.com\/hackershunting.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jak jsem p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal<\/a>. Nyn\u00ed m\u00e1me v\u0161echny komponenty hlavolamu: \u00da\u0159ad prezidenta RF, kter\u00fd ud\u00e1v\u00e1 celkov\u00e9 politick\u00e9 sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010dern\u00e9 hackery v\u0161eho druhu, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b a m\u016f\u017ee se jednat jak o\u00a0skute\u010dn\u00e9 hackery, tak o\u00a0kryc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, a nakonec Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slu\u017ebu (FSB), kter\u00e1 \u00fazce spolupracuje s\u00a0v\u00fdrobci SW a firmami podnikaj\u00edc\u00edmi v\u00a0IT bezpe\u010dnosti.\r\n\r\nA v\u00a0tu chv\u00edli \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd na prvn\u00ed pohled nep\u016fsob\u00ed jako hloup\u00fd, se dopust\u00ed fat\u00e1ln\u00ed chyby. Jevgenij Kasperskij <a href=\"https:\/\/lenta.ru\/news\/2017\/10\/25\/kasperskyooops\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">v\u00a0rozhovoru pro Assotiated Press potvrdil<\/a>, \u017ee m\u011bl k\u00a0dispozici nejen t\u011blesa vir\u016f (ta se k\u00a0n\u011bmu mohla dostat p\u0159irozenou cestou), ale tak\u00e9 pomocn\u00fd software a tajn\u00e9 dokumenty, kter\u00e9 mohl z\u00edskat pouze nabour\u00e1n\u00edm.\r\n<blockquote><em>Kasperskij tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se soubory k\u00a0odborn\u00edk\u016fm spole\u010dnosti dostaly v\u00a0r\u00e1mci sb\u011bru informac\u00ed o\u00a0hackersk\u00e9 skupin\u011b Equation Group, kter\u00e1 \u00fadajn\u011b spolupracovala s\u00a0NSA. Podle podnikatele, kdy\u017e se o\u00a0ne\u010dekan\u00e9m n\u00e1lezu dozv\u011bd\u011bl, po\u017e\u00e1dal, aby byla tato data ihned smaz\u00e1na. (\u201eKaspersk\u00e9ho laborato\u0159 necht\u011bn\u011b st\u00e1hla tajn\u00e9 dokumenty NSA\u201c)<\/em><\/blockquote>\r\nNez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed ani na tom, zda je v\u00e1\u017en\u011b nechal \u201esmazal\u201c. Ve skute\u010dnosti ne. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee Kasperskij p\u0159iznal, \u017ee opravdu pomysln\u011b \u201euk\u0159i\u017eoval chlape\u010dka v\u00a0samotn\u00fdch tren\u00fdrk\u00e1ch\u201c, tedy <strong>zneu\u017eil antivir k\u00a0nabour\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ei<\/strong>. A tak\u00e9 minim\u00e1ln\u011b vyprovokoval (ne-li <em>zorganizoval<\/em>) <strong>virovou pandemii<\/strong>. Otev\u0159el Pando\u0159inu sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ku, na jej\u00edm\u017e dn\u011b nen\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1sad\u011b v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nad\u011bje!\r\n\r\nKdy\u017e je dohoda jednou poru\u0161ena (jak se to stalo s\u00a0Budape\u0161\u0165sk\u00fdm memorandem), syst\u00e9m kolektivn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti u\u017e nefunguje. A m\u00e1me tu co d\u011blat nejen s\u00a0obvykl\u00fdm soubojem kybernetick\u00fdch \u0161pion\u016f, ale s\u00a0\u00fa\u010dast\u00ed ve sv\u011btov\u00e9 kybernetick\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Stejn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky Rus\u016fm ani nedo\u0161lo, \u017ee p\u0159ekro\u010dili sice neviditeln\u00fd, ale velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fd p\u0159ed\u011bl. A te\u010f budou m\u00e1vat rukama a na\u0159\u00edkat: \u201eA pro\u010d my?\u201c, \u201ePro\u010d oni m\u016f\u017eou, ale my ne?\u201c Opravdu to nech\u00e1pou, co\u017e ov\u0161em nic nem\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee kv\u016fli jejich \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9mu po\u010d\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed se ji\u017e nevratn\u011b zm\u011bnil cel\u00fd sv\u011bt.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h5>Redakce InformNapalmu nemus\u00ed sd\u00edlet n\u00e1zory autor\u016f v\u00a0rubrik\u00e1ch <strong>[n\u00e1zor\u00a0\/ opinion] <\/strong>a <strong>[ob\u010dansk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost\u00a0\/ civil society]<\/strong>. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky se zve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed pro informativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely.<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nP\u0159eklad: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scyhol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3645"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3645\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3647,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3645\/revisions\/3647"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}