{"id":3970,"date":"2018-03-10T22:16:50","date_gmt":"2018-03-10T22:16:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=3970"},"modified":"2018-03-14T22:09:39","modified_gmt":"2018-03-14T22:09:39","slug":"moskali-aneb-jak-algoritmus-facebooku-blokuje-uzivatele-na-zaklade-blacklistu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/moskali-aneb-jak-algoritmus-facebooku-blokuje-uzivatele-na-zaklade-blacklistu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eMoskali\u201c, aneb jak algoritmus Facebooku blokuje u\u017eivatele na z\u00e1klad\u011b blacklistu"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1\u0161 milovan\u00fd Facebook, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se u\u017e bezm\u00e1la \u010dty\u0159i roky c\u00edt\u00edme jako doma, se op\u011bt vyznamenal sv\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem blokov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/p>\n

Asi ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0n\u00e1s, kdo se v\u00a0roce 2014 setkal s\u00a0nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00fdm lhan\u00edm kremelsk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dc\u016f o\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b a rozhodl se mu za ka\u017edou cenu \u010delit, si vzpomene, \u017ee Facebook byl pro n\u00e1s prakticky jedinou mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak prorazit sple\u0165 moskevsk\u00fdch v\u00fdmysl\u016f a dostat pravdu o\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b do sv\u011bta. Takto jsme za\u010d\u00ednali i my, InformNapalm, psan\u00edm status\u016f na Facebooku v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch, a stejn\u011b jsme tak propagovali i n\u00e1\u0161 web: osmdes\u00e1t procent na\u0161eho obecenstva bylo osloveno prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Facebooku. A za tuto mo\u017enost p\u0159istupovat k\u00a0na\u0161im informac\u00edm zcela zdarma pro statis\u00edce lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b jsme Facebooku samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nesm\u00edrn\u011b vd\u011b\u010dn\u00ed. Jak mi p\u0159ed \u010dasem \u0159ekl jeden Chorvat, kter\u00fd za\u017eil 90.\u00a0l\u00e9ta na Balk\u00e1nu: \u201eM\u00e1te \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee dnes existuje internet, v\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b jsme nemohli nikomu nic dok\u00e1zat\u201c.<\/p>\n

Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee d\u016fkazy zlo\u010din\u016f moskevsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu lze nasb\u00edrat na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it informace o\u00a0nich op\u011bt p\u0159es soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, tedy bez zapojen\u00ed vydavatel\u016f, novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch po stalet\u00ed zaveden\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, p\u0159edstavovala opravdov\u00fd pr\u016flom v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed sf\u00e9\u0159e, kter\u00fd p\u0159im\u011bl ke zm\u011bn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupu nejen novin\u00e1\u0159e a jejich zp\u016fsob pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu, ale i samotn\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele, kter\u00fd nepo\u010d\u00edtal s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee by se dobrovoln\u00edci mohli objevit nejen na fyzick\u00e9m boji\u0161ti, ale tak\u00e9 na s\u00edti. Na ment\u00e1ln\u00ed front\u011b Kreml zcela ne\u010dekan\u011b narazil na stejn\u011b tvrd\u00fd odpor.<\/p>\n

Pom\u011br sil byl v\u00a0ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m roce 2014 jak na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9, tak na informa\u010dn\u00ed front\u011b zhruba stejn\u00fd: de facto jsme jako hrstka r\u016fznorod\u00fdch lid\u00ed s\u00a0chabou v\u00fdstroj\u00ed a p\u00e1r pistolemi st\u00e1li proti tak dokonale vyzbrojen\u00fdm arm\u00e1d\u00e1m jako je Rusk\u00e1 televize, RIA\u00a0Novosti nebo rusk\u00fd Prvn\u00ed kan\u00e1l, i s\u00a0jejich milionov\u00fdm obecenstvem a miliardov\u00fdmi rozpo\u010dty. Byli jsme skupinka mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00fd pes jin\u00e1 ves, bez pen\u011bz, podpory a se zcela chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm publikem, ale s\u00a0p\u00e1r r\u016fznorod\u00fdmi dovednostmi a nevy\u010derpateln\u00fdm arzen\u00e1lem n\u00e1pad\u016f v\u00a0z\u00e1sobn\u00edku.<\/p>\n

Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1m si, jak se n\u00e1m v\u00a0roce 2014 sm\u00e1li, jak \u0159\u00edkali, \u017ee v\u0161echny ty na\u0161e skeny s\u00a0voj\u00e1ky, kter\u00e9 sd\u00edl\u00edme, jsou pro srandu kr\u00e1l\u00edk\u016fm, \u017ee to nic nedokazuje a \u017ee to nikdo v\u00a0z\u00e1sad\u011b nepot\u0159ebuje. \u017de na\u0161e svodky nejsou nic ne\u017e pouh\u00e1 propaganda a n\u00e1zory jednotliv\u00fdch historik\u016f a ve\u0159ejn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed jsou jen v\u00fdk\u0159iky do pr\u00e1zdna. Pak si vybavuji, jak na\u0161e p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky za\u010dali postupn\u011b zkoumat a jak za\u010d\u00ednalo b\u00fdt jasn\u00e9, \u017ee pe\u010dliv\u00fd rozbor vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed, kter\u00fdch d\u00edky vlastnoru\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed a voj\u00e1k\u016f, milovn\u00edk\u016f self\u00ed\u010dek a sd\u00edlen\u00ed polohy, m\u00e1me k\u00a0dispozici v\u00edc ne\u017e dost, umo\u017e\u0148uje skute\u010dn\u011b objevit rusk\u00e9 tanky na Donbasu, vystopovat dr\u00e1hu a p\u0159esn\u00fd sm\u011br rakety, kter\u00e1 vyhodila do vzduchu autobus, nebo dokonce zmapovat p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh pov\u011bstn\u00e9ho Buku… \u017de slova, kter\u00e1 vypust\u00ed z\u00a0\u00fast n\u011bkter\u00fd \u0161\u00edlen\u00fd moskevsk\u00fd imperialista od politiky, po p\u0159elo\u017een\u00ed do n\u011bkolika jazyk\u016f nez\u016fstanou ve sv\u011bt\u011b bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed, a \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd status vy\u0161inut\u00fdch kremelsk\u00fdch \u0161pi\u010dek m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt oskenov\u00e1n, zarchivov\u00e1n a zve\u0159ejn\u011bn na Facebooku, pak bude \u017e\u00edt sv\u00fdm \u017eivotem, ani\u017e by Kreml m\u011bl n\u011bjak\u00fd vliv na po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed si ho p\u0159e\u010dtou. Facebook p\u0159ece nem\u00e1 funkci \u201eVykoupit cel\u00fd n\u00e1klad a nenechat informace uniknout\u201c.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ji\u017e tehdy v\u00a0roce 2014 mnoha z\u00a0n\u00e1s neu\u0161lo, jak Facebook blokuje statusy zn\u00e1m\u00fdch ukrajinsk\u00fdch bloger\u016f kv\u016fli p\u00e1r ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fdm slov\u016fm, zat\u00edmco pln\u00e9 nen\u00e1visti a touhy po krvi koment\u00e1\u0159e a statusy nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 strany z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed jakoby bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdo za\u017eil tuto informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lku od za\u010d\u00e1tku, jist\u011b si vybav\u00ed, jak se v\u00a0roce 2014 putinov\u0161t\u00ed trollov\u00e9 nahrnuli v\u0161ude, kde se objevil n\u011bjak\u00fd protikremelsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek nebo \u010dl\u00e1nek, a prost\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1lcovali ostatn\u00ed koment\u00e1tory z\u00e1plavami sv\u00fdch l\u017e\u00ed. U\u00a0facebookov\u00fdch status\u016f velk\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch novin jako je Spiegel, Die Welt nebo Die Zeit \u0161lo \u010dasto \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b o\u00a0des\u00edtku proukrajinsk\u00fdch koment\u00e1tor\u016f proti tis\u00edc\u016fm reakc\u00ed od troll\u016f a bot\u016f. De facto to navozovalo pocit, jakoby cel\u00fd sv\u011bt byl na stran\u011b Ruska: argumentovan\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e proti Mordoru se ztr\u00e1cely pod n\u00e1nosy tis\u00edc\u016f dal\u0161\u00edch. Online redakce nezvl\u00e1daly moderov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch facebookov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken: v\u00a0existenci \u201etroll\u00edch farem\u201c se obecn\u011b uv\u011b\u0159ilo mnohem pozd\u011bji. Pro Kreml to byly \u017en\u011b, kdy v\u0161e b\u011b\u017eelo podle jeho pl\u00e1n\u016f: utopit pravdu v\u00a0z\u00e1plav\u00e1ch l\u017e\u00ed, aby ji\u017e nikdo nedok\u00e1zal nic pochopit, odd\u011blit zrno od plev a rozlo\u017eit po poli\u010dk\u00e1ch…<\/p>\n

Prorusk\u00e1 strana se p\u0159itom ne\u0161t\u00edtila ur\u00e1\u017eek ani p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch v\u00fdhru\u017eek. A to nejen ve\u0159ejn\u011b. J\u00e1 osobn\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd den dost\u00e1vala a\u017e tucet v\u00fdhru\u017en\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v. Facebook nech\u00e1val ve\u0161ker\u00e9 st\u00ed\u017enosti bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed a navrhoval \u201ezablokovat obt\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed osobu\u201c… V\u00a0podstat\u011b jedin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak vyzr\u00e1t na invazi troll\u016f do soukrom\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v, bylo sd\u00edlet jejich v\u00fdtvory ve\u0159ejn\u011b. Co\u017e nakonec zabralo: nechali m\u011b na pokoji (mimochodem v\u00edc ne\u017e polovina t\u011bchto fale\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f dnes u\u017e neexistuje, co\u017e bylo dok\u00e1zati). V\u00a0roce 2014 jsem si z\u00a0toho dokonce d\u011blala legraci: \u201eHo\u0161i, tak u\u017e si v\u00a0tom kone\u010dn\u011b ud\u011blejte jasno, podle v\u00e1s jsem toti\u017e ment\u00e1ln\u011b zaostal\u00e1 kyjevsk\u00e1 nezletil\u00e1 prostitutka, kter\u00e1 vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00e9 pen\u00edze jako agentka CIA a NATO\u201c. Jak prav\u00ed rusk\u00e9 r\u010den\u00ed: bu\u010f si oble\u010dte kalhoty, nebo sundejte k\u0159\u00ed\u017eek.<\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bji Facebook sv\u016fj algoritmus pon\u011bkud vylep\u0161il: sexistick\u00e9 ur\u00e1\u017eky, n\u00e1vrhy otr\u00e1vit Ukrajince plynem a pohr\u016f\u017eky n\u00e1sil\u00ed za\u010dal pokl\u00e1dat za dostate\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fvod k\u00a0zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dokonce ke zru\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dt\u016f, z\u00a0nich\u017e podobn\u00e9 \u201eperly\u201c p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nem\u011bli bychom v\u0161ak opomenout, \u017ee stalo se to v\u00a0reakci na rusk\u00e9 zasahov\u00e1n\u00ed do americk\u00fdch voleb a na miliony fake news, fale\u0161n\u00fdch skupin a troll\u016f ji\u017e v\u00a0americk\u00e9m segmentu s\u00edt\u011b. Americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da p\u0159ece jen zatla\u010dila na soukromou spole\u010dnost Facebook a p\u0159im\u011bla ji pe\u010dliv\u011bji kontrolovat obsah status\u016f a koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f a reagovat na st\u00ed\u017enosti u\u017eivatel\u016f. Facebook dokonce musel na toto t\u00e9ma napsat celou studii<\/a> pro Kongres USA. Je \u0161koda, \u017ee k\u00a0tomu do\u0161lo teprve za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2017 (po t\u0159ech letech na\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti!), ale p\u0159ece.<\/p>\n

I zde v\u0161ak vy\u0161lo najevo o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 \u201eale\u201c: vypad\u00e1 to, \u017ee Facebook pro blokov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f zvolil algoritmus, kdy se o\u00a0tom rozhoduje na z\u00e1klad\u011b ur\u010dit\u00fdch slov za\u0159azen\u00fdch na blacklist jako zak\u00e1zan\u00e1. Co\u017e je op\u011bt v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0podstatou svobody slova, jednotliv\u00e1 slova jsou toti\u017e v\u017edy jen sou\u010d\u00e1st kontextu. M\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o\u00a0citaci, parodii nebo alegorii atd. Trollov\u00e9 si dnes \u010dasto daj\u00ed pr\u00e1ci obr\u00e1tit vzh\u016fru nohama celou na\u0161i str\u00e1nku, aby na\u0161li z\u00e1minku, kter\u00e1 by umo\u017enila n\u00e1s zablokovat. T\u0159eba mne poprv\u00e9 zablokovali v\u00a0roce 2017 kv\u016fli statusu z\u00a0roku 2014 (tedy t\u0159i roky star\u00e9mu), kter\u00fd obsahoval fotografii n\u011bjak\u00e9ho… \u0159ekn\u011bme, rusk\u00e9ho zapad\u00e1kova. Zkr\u00e1tka p\u00e1r ochlast\u016f mezi odpadky. A titulek n\u011bco jako: \u201eJen aby ty rus\u00e1ky nenapadlo NATO\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>Letos v\u00a0lednu m\u011b pak Facebook ne\u010dekan\u011b zablokoval na t\u0159i dny kv\u016fli statusu na obr\u00e1zku vpravo. Jako z\u00e1minka patrn\u011b poslou\u017eila prvn\u00ed v\u011bta, kde stoj\u00ed: \u201eKdy\u017e pozorujeme toto ticho kolem \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 revoluce nebo si vybav\u00edme ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159ekrucov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 z\u00a0roku 2014, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1m m\u00edt dojem, \u017ee se z\u00a0N\u011bmc\u016f stal neskute\u010dn\u011b zbab\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1rod\u201c<\/em>. Facebook se m\u011b rozhodl obvinit z\u00a0\u00fatoku na lidi \u201ena z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich etnick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu\u201c (p\u0159esto\u017ee j\u00e1 sama jsem N\u011bmka). S\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee k\u00a0tomuto z\u00e1v\u011bru syst\u00e9m dosp\u011bl jen na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdroku \u201eza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1m m\u00edt dojem, \u017ee se z\u00a0N\u011bmc\u016f stal neskute\u010dn\u011b zbab\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1rod\u201c.<\/p>\n

<\/a>T\u00e9to v\u011bci se v\u00a0N\u011bmecku dostalo \u0161irok\u00e9ho ohlasu: ujal se ji n\u011bmeck\u00fd top novin\u00e1\u0159 Julian R\u00f6pcke, kter\u00fd o\u00a0tom napsal \u010dl\u00e1nek do n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho listu Bild<\/a>. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se ne\u010dekan\u011b dostal mezi top 10 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v z\u00a0prvn\u00edho lednov\u00e9ho t\u00fddne 2018 a vyvolal bou\u0159livou diskuzi na t\u00e9ma svoboda slova.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Redakce Bildu napsala p\u0159\u00edmo do kancel\u00e1\u0159e Facebooku, kter\u00fd reagoval omluvou ve stylu \u201ejeden z\u00a0na\u0161ich zam\u011bstnanc\u016f to necht\u011bn\u011b popletl\u201c a obnoven\u00edm statusu na m\u00e9 str\u00e1nce. Podrobn\u011bji se o\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu v\u00a0ru\u0161tin\u011b do\u010dtete zde<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

O\u00a0pouh\u00e9 dva m\u011bs\u00edce pozd\u011bji, jednoho \u010dasn\u011b jarn\u00edho r\u00e1na m\u011b v\u0161ak Facebook pot\u011b\u0161il zpr\u00e1vou, \u017ee m\u011b zablokoval tentokr\u00e1t ji\u017e na sedm dn\u00ed, a to kv\u016fli tomuto statusu:<\/p>\n

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Jako d\u016fvod blokace byly op\u011bt uvedeny \u00fatoky \u201ena z\u00e1klad\u011b etnick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu\u201c, \u010d\u00edm\u017e nejsp\u00ed\u0161 mysleli v\u00fdrazy \u201emoskali\u201c a \u201erus\u00e1ci\u201c.<\/p>\n

Asi je na \u010dase Facebooku vysv\u011btlit, \u017ee slovo moskal<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 moskali tak nesn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed, m\u00e1 celkem jednoduchou a logickou etymologii a existuje ji\u017e n\u011bkolik stolet\u00ed. Kdysi toto slovo na Ukrajin\u011b ozna\u010dovalo rod\u00e1ky z\u00a0Moskevsk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed (podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch historik\u016f s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou roln\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fdm se \u0159\u00edkalo \u201ekacapov\u00e9\u201c), pozd\u011bji takto za\u010dali naz\u00fdvat v\u0161echny z\u00e1stupce arm\u00e1dy <\/strong>Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Rusk\u00e1 Wikipedie<\/a> o\u00a0tom p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201ePodobn\u011b jako v\u00a0mnoha evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch se k\u00a0ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatel Moskevsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu<\/a> vedle latinsk\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f russi, rutheni nebo n\u011bmeck\u00fdch Reussen, Russen pou\u017e\u00edval latinsk\u00fd v\u00fdraz moscovitae podle hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta, stejn\u011b tak Turci v\u00a0Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i pou\u017e\u00edvali pro Rusy v\u00fdraz mosqovlu\u201c<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Pejorativn\u011b pak toto slovo pou\u017e\u00edvali nejen Ukrajinci, ale tak\u00e9 Pol\u00e1ci nebo B\u011blorusov\u00e9 ve v\u00fdznamu \u201evoj\u00e1k velkorusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy\u201c, kter\u00fd sv\u00fdm soused\u016fm v\u017edy p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161el utrpen\u00ed a smrt. Experti spo\u010d\u00edtali, \u017ee slavn\u00fd ukrajinsk\u00fd b\u00e1sn\u00edk Taras \u0160ev\u010denko ve sv\u00e9 tvorb\u011b pou\u017eil slovo \u201emoskal\u201c celkem 117kr\u00e1t. Dal\u016fv V\u00fdkladov\u00fd slovn\u00edk \u017eiv\u00e9ho rusk\u00e9ho jazyka tomuto slovu rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159i\u0159azuje v\u00fdznam \u201evoj\u00e1k rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy\u201c a ozna\u010duje ho jako \u201ezastaral\u00e9\u201c.<\/p>\n

No, \u201ezastaral\u00e9\u201c\u00a0\u2013 jak se to vezme, na Ukrajinu v\u00a0roce 2014 p\u0159ece vpadli v\u00a0podstat\u011b ideologi\u010dt\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u00edci a n\u00e1stupci pr\u00e1v\u011b on\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, a to se stejn\u00fdmi c\u00edli a \u00famysly jako p\u0159ed dv\u011bma sty lety. Pr\u00e1v\u011b moskali rozpoutali tuto v\u00e1lku a nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed se d\u016fsledn\u011b v\u00e9st ambicemi z\u00a0minulosti sv\u00e9 nepoveden\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n

Co se t\u00fd\u010de slova \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0(zde p\u0159elo\u017eeno jako \u201erus\u00e1ci\u201c\u00a0\u2013 pozn. p\u0159ekl.)<\/em>, rusk\u00e1 Wikipedie uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee tento v\u00fdraz \u201ezavedli \u010de\u010den\u0161t\u00ed separatist\u00e9 v\u00a0dob\u011b Druh\u00e9ho \u010de\u010densk\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed\u201c<\/em> a \u017ee jde o\u00a0\u201ehanliv\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro Rusko a v\u0161e, co s\u00a0n\u00edm souvis\u00ed\u201c<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o\u00a0v\u00fdraz \u201eseparatist\u00e9\u201c ve vztahu k\u00a0\u010ce\u010densku, je to p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm sporn\u00e9. S\u00a0t\u00edm ostatn\u00edm pln\u011b souhlas\u00edm: pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed naj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli tankem do \u010de\u010densk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed a srovn\u00e1vali m\u011bsto Groznyj se zem\u00ed, se v\u00fdraz \u201eRusov\u00e9\u201c nehod\u00ed, byli to pr\u00e1v\u011b oni moskali, voj\u00e1ci arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 byla po stalet\u00ed zvykl\u00e1 zab\u00edjet a zotro\u010dovat sv\u00e9 sousedy. Zkr\u00e1tka rus\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n

Nam\u00edsto zakazov\u00e1n\u00ed slov \u201ekacap\u201c, \u201erus\u00e1k\u201c nebo \u201emoskal\u201c by Rusov\u00e9 m\u011bli b\u00fdt r\u00e1di, \u017ee existuj\u00ed: t\u00edm toti\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1me najevo, \u017ee st\u00e1le rozli\u0161ujeme mezi \u201eRusy\u201c a \u201erus\u00e1ky\u201c. Vy\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdraz\u016f \u201emoskal\u201c a \u201erus\u00e1k\u201c z\u00a0jazyka sami p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0tomu, aby slovo \u201eRus\u201c zobecn\u011blo a nabylo stejn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, jak\u00fd b\u00fdv\u00e1 vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n do dvou shora uveden\u00fdch: zb\u011bsil\u00e1 l\u016fza, kter\u00e1 p\u0159i\u0161la zab\u00edjet.<\/p>\n

A Facebooku bych r\u00e1da poradila, aby si nep\u0159ivlast\u0148oval pravomoc cenzora lidov\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 kreativity. Ka\u017ed\u00fd jazyk se vyv\u00edj\u00ed, proch\u00e1z\u00ed zm\u011bnami a vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkdy jde o\u00a0pozapomenut\u00e9 star\u00e9, n\u011bkdy o\u00a0skute\u010dn\u011b nov\u00e9, kdy se lid\u00e9 sna\u017e\u00ed naj\u00edt definici pro jev, na kter\u00fd p\u0159i sv\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed cest\u011b naraz\u00ed. Pro \u010ce\u010dence to byli pr\u00e1v\u011b \u201erus\u00e1ci\u201c\u00a0\u2013 tuto definici dali t\u00e9 tlup\u011b, kter\u00e1 k\u00a0nim p\u0159i\u0161la, aby zab\u00edjela. Pro Ukrajince je pak \u201emoskal\u201c slovem jaksi opr\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdm, kter\u00e9 bylo najednou op\u011bt aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed a naprosto trefn\u00e9: v\u00a0roce 2014 na Ukrajinu vpadli voj\u00e1ci rusk\u00e9 nepoveden\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, kte\u0159\u00ed zde z\u00a0rozkazu Moskvy rozpoutali v\u00e1lku. Tak\u017ee moskali byli a moskali z\u016fstali.<\/p>\n

Nebo \u017ee by opravdu nastal \u010das, abychom v\u00e1m v\u0161em \u0159\u00edkali jednodu\u0161e \u201eRusov\u00e9\u201c a p\u0159estali se sna\u017eit o\u00a0rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed?..<\/p>\n

UPD 12.\u00a03.\u00a02018 <\/strong>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed stav: b\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed posledn\u00edch dn\u016f byla napadena prakticky cel\u00e1 redakce InformNapalmu. D\u016fsledkem tohoto napl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho \u00fatoku byly blokace, v\u00fdstrahy a maz\u00e1n\u00ed status\u016f, \u010dty\u0159i nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed auto\u0159i projektu dostali ban: Irina Schlegel<\/a> na 7\u00a0dn\u016f, Irakli Komakhidze<\/a> na 7\u00a0dn\u016f, Mychajlo Kuzn\u011bcov<\/a> na 30\u00a0dn\u016f a Anton Pavlushko<\/a> na 3\u00a0dny. Redaktorka InformNapalm Ukrajina<\/a> byla zablokov\u00e1na na jeden den. Redaktorka InformNapalm Espa\u00f1ol<\/a> dostala v\u00fdstrahu.<\/p>\n

Podn\u011bt ke v\u0161em t\u011bmto blokac\u00edm dali kremel\u0161t\u00ed trollov\u00e9, v\u011bt\u0161inou kv\u016fli dva a\u017e t\u0159i roky star\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016fm, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na\u0161e facebookov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky byly pe\u010dliv\u011b prohled\u00e1ny na p\u0159edm\u011bt v\u00fdskytu zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch slov, za kter\u00e1 lze banovat.<\/p>\n

\n

Autorka: Irina Schlegel<\/a><\/strong> speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro InformNapalm<\/strong>. Tituln\u00ed obr\u00e1zek: Alex Alexidze<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed informac\u00ed je nutno uv\u00e9st funk\u010dn\u00ed odkaz na zdroj a autorku <\/em><\/strong>(Creative Commons \u2014 Attribution 4.0 International \u2014 CC BY 4.0<\/a>)<\/em>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Klikn\u011bte na \u201eSd\u00edlet\u201c a pod\u011blte se s\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1teli.<\/em><\/strong> Sta\u0148te se fanou\u0161ky str\u00e1nky InformNapalm \u010cesko<\/a> na Facebooku a nechte se pohotov\u011b informovat o\u00a0nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

P\u0159eklad: Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1\u0161 milovan\u00fd Facebook, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se u\u017e bezm\u00e1la \u010dty\u0159i roky c\u00edt\u00edme jako doma, se op\u011bt vyznamenal sv\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":3971,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3235,516,754],"tags":[4248,150,4246,4247],"class_list":["post-3970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazor","category-all-news","category-spolecnost-all-news","tag-facebook","tag-informacni-valka","tag-moskali","tag-rusaci"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201eMoskali\u201c, aneb jak algoritmus Facebooku blokuje u\u017eivatele na z\u00e1klad\u011b blacklistu - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/moskali-aneb-jak-algoritmus-facebooku-blokuje-uzivatele-na-zaklade-blacklistu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201eMoskali\u201c, aneb jak algoritmus Facebooku blokuje u\u017eivatele na z\u00e1klad\u011b blacklistu - 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Takto jsme za\u010d\u00ednali i my, InformNapalm, psan\u00edm status\u016f na Facebooku v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch, a stejn\u011b jsme tak propagovali i n\u00e1\u0161 web: osmdes\u00e1t procent na\u0161eho obecenstva bylo osloveno prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Facebooku. A za tuto mo\u017enost p\u0159istupovat k\u00a0na\u0161im informac\u00edm zcela zdarma pro statis\u00edce lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b jsme Facebooku samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nesm\u00edrn\u011b vd\u011b\u010dn\u00ed. Jak mi p\u0159ed \u010dasem \u0159ekl jeden Chorvat, kter\u00fd za\u017eil 90.\u00a0l\u00e9ta na Balk\u00e1nu: \u201eM\u00e1te \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee dnes existuje internet, v\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b jsme nemohli nikomu nic dok\u00e1zat\u201c.\r\n\r\nSkute\u010dnost, \u017ee d\u016fkazy zlo\u010din\u016f moskevsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu lze nasb\u00edrat na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it informace o\u00a0nich op\u011bt p\u0159es soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, tedy bez zapojen\u00ed vydavatel\u016f, novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch po stalet\u00ed zaveden\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, p\u0159edstavovala opravdov\u00fd pr\u016flom v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed sf\u00e9\u0159e, kter\u00fd p\u0159im\u011bl ke zm\u011bn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupu nejen novin\u00e1\u0159e a jejich zp\u016fsob pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu, ale i samotn\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele, kter\u00fd nepo\u010d\u00edtal s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee by se dobrovoln\u00edci mohli objevit nejen na fyzick\u00e9m boji\u0161ti, ale tak\u00e9 na s\u00edti. Na ment\u00e1ln\u00ed front\u011b Kreml zcela ne\u010dekan\u011b narazil na stejn\u011b tvrd\u00fd odpor.\r\n\r\nPom\u011br sil byl v\u00a0ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m roce 2014 jak na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9, tak na informa\u010dn\u00ed front\u011b zhruba stejn\u00fd: de facto jsme jako hrstka r\u016fznorod\u00fdch lid\u00ed s\u00a0chabou v\u00fdstroj\u00ed a p\u00e1r pistolemi st\u00e1li proti tak dokonale vyzbrojen\u00fdm arm\u00e1d\u00e1m jako je Rusk\u00e1 televize, RIA\u00a0Novosti nebo rusk\u00fd Prvn\u00ed kan\u00e1l, i s\u00a0jejich milionov\u00fdm obecenstvem a miliardov\u00fdmi rozpo\u010dty. Byli jsme skupinka mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00fd pes jin\u00e1 ves, bez pen\u011bz, podpory a se zcela chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm publikem, ale s\u00a0p\u00e1r r\u016fznorod\u00fdmi dovednostmi a nevy\u010derpateln\u00fdm arzen\u00e1lem n\u00e1pad\u016f v\u00a0z\u00e1sobn\u00edku.\r\n\r\nVzpom\u00edn\u00e1m si, jak se n\u00e1m v\u00a0roce 2014 sm\u00e1li, jak \u0159\u00edkali, \u017ee v\u0161echny ty na\u0161e skeny s\u00a0voj\u00e1ky, kter\u00e9 sd\u00edl\u00edme, jsou pro srandu kr\u00e1l\u00edk\u016fm, \u017ee to nic nedokazuje a \u017ee to nikdo v\u00a0z\u00e1sad\u011b nepot\u0159ebuje. \u017de na\u0161e svodky nejsou nic ne\u017e pouh\u00e1 propaganda a n\u00e1zory jednotliv\u00fdch historik\u016f a ve\u0159ejn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed jsou jen v\u00fdk\u0159iky do pr\u00e1zdna. Pak si vybavuji, jak na\u0161e p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky za\u010dali postupn\u011b zkoumat a jak za\u010d\u00ednalo b\u00fdt jasn\u00e9, \u017ee pe\u010dliv\u00fd rozbor vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed, kter\u00fdch d\u00edky vlastnoru\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed a voj\u00e1k\u016f, milovn\u00edk\u016f self\u00ed\u010dek a sd\u00edlen\u00ed polohy, m\u00e1me k\u00a0dispozici v\u00edc ne\u017e dost, umo\u017e\u0148uje skute\u010dn\u011b objevit rusk\u00e9 tanky na Donbasu, vystopovat dr\u00e1hu a p\u0159esn\u00fd sm\u011br rakety, kter\u00e1 vyhodila do vzduchu autobus, nebo dokonce zmapovat p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh pov\u011bstn\u00e9ho Buku... \u017de slova, kter\u00e1 vypust\u00ed z\u00a0\u00fast n\u011bkter\u00fd \u0161\u00edlen\u00fd moskevsk\u00fd imperialista od politiky, po p\u0159elo\u017een\u00ed do n\u011bkolika jazyk\u016f nez\u016fstanou ve sv\u011bt\u011b bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed, a \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd status vy\u0161inut\u00fdch kremelsk\u00fdch \u0161pi\u010dek m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt oskenov\u00e1n, zarchivov\u00e1n a zve\u0159ejn\u011bn na Facebooku, pak bude \u017e\u00edt sv\u00fdm \u017eivotem, ani\u017e by Kreml m\u011bl n\u011bjak\u00fd vliv na po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed si ho p\u0159e\u010dtou. Facebook p\u0159ece nem\u00e1 funkci \u201eVykoupit cel\u00fd n\u00e1klad a nenechat informace uniknout\u201c.\r\n\r\nNicm\u00e9n\u011b ji\u017e tehdy v\u00a0roce 2014 mnoha z\u00a0n\u00e1s neu\u0161lo, jak Facebook blokuje statusy zn\u00e1m\u00fdch ukrajinsk\u00fdch bloger\u016f kv\u016fli p\u00e1r ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fdm slov\u016fm, zat\u00edmco pln\u00e9 nen\u00e1visti a touhy po krvi koment\u00e1\u0159e a statusy nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 strany z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed jakoby bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed.\r\n\r\nKdo za\u017eil tuto informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lku od za\u010d\u00e1tku, jist\u011b si vybav\u00ed, jak se v\u00a0roce 2014 putinov\u0161t\u00ed trollov\u00e9 nahrnuli v\u0161ude, kde se objevil n\u011bjak\u00fd protikremelsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek nebo \u010dl\u00e1nek, a prost\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1lcovali ostatn\u00ed koment\u00e1tory z\u00e1plavami sv\u00fdch l\u017e\u00ed. U\u00a0facebookov\u00fdch status\u016f velk\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch novin jako je Spiegel, Die Welt nebo Die Zeit \u0161lo \u010dasto \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b o\u00a0des\u00edtku proukrajinsk\u00fdch koment\u00e1tor\u016f proti tis\u00edc\u016fm reakc\u00ed od troll\u016f a bot\u016f. De facto to navozovalo pocit, jakoby cel\u00fd sv\u011bt byl na stran\u011b Ruska: argumentovan\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e proti Mordoru se ztr\u00e1cely pod n\u00e1nosy tis\u00edc\u016f dal\u0161\u00edch. Online redakce nezvl\u00e1daly moderov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch facebookov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken: v\u00a0existenci \u201etroll\u00edch farem\u201c se obecn\u011b uv\u011b\u0159ilo mnohem pozd\u011bji. Pro Kreml to byly \u017en\u011b, kdy v\u0161e b\u011b\u017eelo podle jeho pl\u00e1n\u016f: utopit pravdu v\u00a0z\u00e1plav\u00e1ch l\u017e\u00ed, aby ji\u017e nikdo nedok\u00e1zal nic pochopit, odd\u011blit zrno od plev a rozlo\u017eit po poli\u010dk\u00e1ch...\r\n\r\nProrusk\u00e1 strana se p\u0159itom ne\u0161t\u00edtila ur\u00e1\u017eek ani p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch v\u00fdhru\u017eek. A to nejen ve\u0159ejn\u011b. J\u00e1 osobn\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd den dost\u00e1vala a\u017e tucet v\u00fdhru\u017en\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v. Facebook nech\u00e1val ve\u0161ker\u00e9 st\u00ed\u017enosti bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed a navrhoval \u201ezablokovat obt\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed osobu\u201c... V\u00a0podstat\u011b jedin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak vyzr\u00e1t na invazi troll\u016f do soukrom\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v, bylo sd\u00edlet jejich v\u00fdtvory ve\u0159ejn\u011b. Co\u017e nakonec zabralo: nechali m\u011b na pokoji (mimochodem v\u00edc ne\u017e polovina t\u011bchto fale\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f dnes u\u017e neexistuje, co\u017e bylo dok\u00e1zati). V\u00a0roce 2014 jsem si z\u00a0toho dokonce d\u011blala legraci: \u201eHo\u0161i, tak u\u017e si v\u00a0tom kone\u010dn\u011b ud\u011blejte jasno, podle v\u00e1s jsem toti\u017e ment\u00e1ln\u011b zaostal\u00e1 kyjevsk\u00e1 nezletil\u00e1 prostitutka, kter\u00e1 vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00e9 pen\u00edze jako agentka CIA a NATO\u201c. Jak prav\u00ed rusk\u00e9 r\u010den\u00ed: bu\u010f si oble\u010dte kalhoty, nebo sundejte k\u0159\u00ed\u017eek.\r\n\r\nPozd\u011bji Facebook sv\u016fj algoritmus pon\u011bkud vylep\u0161il: sexistick\u00e9 ur\u00e1\u017eky, n\u00e1vrhy otr\u00e1vit Ukrajince plynem a pohr\u016f\u017eky n\u00e1sil\u00ed za\u010dal pokl\u00e1dat za dostate\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fvod k\u00a0zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dokonce ke zru\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dt\u016f, z\u00a0nich\u017e podobn\u00e9 \u201eperly\u201c p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed.\r\n\r\nNem\u011bli bychom v\u0161ak opomenout, \u017ee stalo se to v\u00a0reakci na rusk\u00e9 zasahov\u00e1n\u00ed do americk\u00fdch voleb a na miliony fake news, fale\u0161n\u00fdch skupin a troll\u016f ji\u017e v\u00a0americk\u00e9m segmentu s\u00edt\u011b. Americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da p\u0159ece jen zatla\u010dila na soukromou spole\u010dnost Facebook a p\u0159im\u011bla ji pe\u010dliv\u011bji kontrolovat obsah status\u016f a koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f a reagovat na st\u00ed\u017enosti u\u017eivatel\u016f. Facebook dokonce musel na toto t\u00e9ma <a href=\"https:\/\/meduza.io\/news\/2017\/10\/31\/posty-fabriki-trolley-ob-amerikanskoy-politike-uvideli-126-millionov-polzovateley-feysbuka\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">napsat celou studii<\/a> pro Kongres USA. Je \u0161koda, \u017ee k\u00a0tomu do\u0161lo teprve za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2017 (po t\u0159ech letech na\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti!), ale p\u0159ece.\r\n\r\nI zde v\u0161ak vy\u0161lo najevo o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 \u201eale\u201c: vypad\u00e1 to, \u017ee Facebook pro blokov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f zvolil algoritmus, kdy se o\u00a0tom rozhoduje na z\u00e1klad\u011b ur\u010dit\u00fdch slov za\u0159azen\u00fdch na blacklist jako zak\u00e1zan\u00e1. Co\u017e je op\u011bt v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0podstatou svobody slova, jednotliv\u00e1 slova jsou toti\u017e v\u017edy jen sou\u010d\u00e1st kontextu. M\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o\u00a0citaci, parodii nebo alegorii atd. Trollov\u00e9 si dnes \u010dasto daj\u00ed pr\u00e1ci obr\u00e1tit vzh\u016fru nohama celou na\u0161i str\u00e1nku, aby na\u0161li z\u00e1minku, kter\u00e1 by umo\u017enila n\u00e1s zablokovat. T\u0159eba mne poprv\u00e9 zablokovali v\u00a0roce 2017 kv\u016fli statusu z\u00a0roku 2014 (tedy t\u0159i roky star\u00e9mu), kter\u00fd obsahoval fotografii n\u011bjak\u00e9ho... \u0159ekn\u011bme, rusk\u00e9ho zapad\u00e1kova. Zkr\u00e1tka p\u00e1r ochlast\u016f mezi odpadky. A titulek n\u011bco jako: <em>\u201eJen aby ty rus\u00e1ky nenapadlo NATO\u201c.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2018\/03\/26169836_1189921321140885_5209972611541779599_n-300x219.png\"><img class=\"alignright size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2018\/03\/26169836_1189921321140885_5209972611541779599_n-300x219.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" \/><\/a>Letos v\u00a0lednu m\u011b pak Facebook ne\u010dekan\u011b zablokoval na t\u0159i dny kv\u016fli statusu na obr\u00e1zku vpravo. Jako z\u00e1minka patrn\u011b poslou\u017eila prvn\u00ed v\u011bta, kde stoj\u00ed: <em>\u201eKdy\u017e pozorujeme toto ticho kolem \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 revoluce nebo si vybav\u00edme ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159ekrucov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 z\u00a0roku 2014, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1m m\u00edt dojem, \u017ee se z\u00a0N\u011bmc\u016f stal neskute\u010dn\u011b zbab\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1rod\u201c<\/em>. Facebook se m\u011b rozhodl obvinit z\u00a0\u00fatoku na lidi \u201ena z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich etnick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu\u201c (p\u0159esto\u017ee j\u00e1 sama jsem N\u011bmka). S\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee k\u00a0tomuto z\u00e1v\u011bru syst\u00e9m dosp\u011bl jen na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdroku \u201eza\u010d\u00edn\u00e1m m\u00edt dojem, \u017ee se z\u00a0N\u011bmc\u016f stal neskute\u010dn\u011b zbab\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1rod\u201c.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2018\/03\/26195495_10156138698151209_4182707613379095320_n-176x300.jpg\"><img class=\"alignright size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2018\/03\/26195495_10156138698151209_4182707613379095320_n-176x300.jpg\" width=\"176\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a>T\u00e9to v\u011bci se v\u00a0N\u011bmecku dostalo \u0161irok\u00e9ho ohlasu: ujal se ji n\u011bmeck\u00fd top novin\u00e1\u0159 Julian R\u00f6pcke, kter\u00fd o\u00a0tom napsal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bild.de\/politik\/inland\/heiko-maas\/netzdg-feige-nation-54389472.bild.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u010dl\u00e1nek do n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho listu Bild<\/a>. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se ne\u010dekan\u011b dostal mezi top 10 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v z\u00a0prvn\u00edho lednov\u00e9ho t\u00fddne 2018 a vyvolal bou\u0159livou diskuzi na t\u00e9ma svoboda slova.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2018\/03\/26195960_10156145677951209_1070252413847083721_n-300x125.jpg\"><img class=\"alignright size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2018\/03\/26195960_10156145677951209_1070252413847083721_n-300x125.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"125\" \/><\/a>Redakce Bildu napsala p\u0159\u00edmo do kancel\u00e1\u0159e Facebooku, kter\u00fd reagoval omluvou ve stylu \u201ejeden z\u00a0na\u0161ich zam\u011bstnanc\u016f to necht\u011bn\u011b popletl\u201c a obnoven\u00edm statusu na m\u00e9 str\u00e1nce. Podrobn\u011bji se o\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu v\u00a0ru\u0161tin\u011b <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/photo.php?fbid=10156137729721209&set=a.10150430560006209.415135.550136208&type=3&theater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">do\u010dtete zde<\/a><\/strong>.\r\n\r\nO\u00a0pouh\u00e9 dva m\u011bs\u00edce pozd\u011bji, jednoho \u010dasn\u011b jarn\u00edho r\u00e1na m\u011b v\u0161ak Facebook pot\u011b\u0161il zpr\u00e1vou, \u017ee m\u011b zablokoval tentokr\u00e1t ji\u017e na sedm dn\u00ed, a to kv\u016fli tomuto statusu:\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2018\/03\/sperrung.png\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2018\/03\/sperrung.png\" width=\"606\" height=\"499\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nJako d\u016fvod blokace byly op\u011bt uvedeny \u00fatoky \u201ena z\u00e1klad\u011b etnick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu\u201c, \u010d\u00edm\u017e nejsp\u00ed\u0161 mysleli v\u00fdrazy \u201emoskali\u201c a \u201erus\u00e1ci\u201c.\r\n\r\nAsi je na \u010dase Facebooku vysv\u011btlit, \u017ee slovo <strong>moskal<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 moskali tak nesn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed, m\u00e1 celkem jednoduchou a logickou etymologii a existuje ji\u017e n\u011bkolik stolet\u00ed. Kdysi toto slovo na Ukrajin\u011b ozna\u010dovalo rod\u00e1ky z\u00a0Moskevsk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed (podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch historik\u016f s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou roln\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fdm se \u0159\u00edkalo \u201ekacapov\u00e9\u201c), pozd\u011bji takto za\u010dali naz\u00fdvat v\u0161echny <strong>z\u00e1stupce arm\u00e1dy <\/strong>Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Rusk\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedie<\/a> o\u00a0tom p\u00ed\u0161e: <em>\u201ePodobn\u011b jako v\u00a0mnoha evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch se k\u00a0ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatel <a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moskevsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu<\/a> vedle latinsk\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f russi, rutheni nebo n\u011bmeck\u00fdch Reussen, Russen pou\u017e\u00edval latinsk\u00fd v\u00fdraz moscovitae podle hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta, stejn\u011b tak Turci v\u00a0Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i pou\u017e\u00edvali pro Rusy v\u00fdraz mosqovlu\u201c<\/em>.\r\n\r\nPejorativn\u011b pak toto slovo pou\u017e\u00edvali nejen Ukrajinci, ale tak\u00e9 Pol\u00e1ci nebo B\u011blorusov\u00e9 ve v\u00fdznamu \u201evoj\u00e1k velkorusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy\u201c, kter\u00fd sv\u00fdm soused\u016fm v\u017edy p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161el utrpen\u00ed a smrt. Experti spo\u010d\u00edtali, \u017ee slavn\u00fd ukrajinsk\u00fd b\u00e1sn\u00edk Taras \u0160ev\u010denko ve sv\u00e9 tvorb\u011b pou\u017eil slovo \u201emoskal\u201c celkem 117kr\u00e1t. Dal\u016fv V\u00fdkladov\u00fd slovn\u00edk \u017eiv\u00e9ho rusk\u00e9ho jazyka tomuto slovu rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159i\u0159azuje v\u00fdznam \u201evoj\u00e1k rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy\u201c a ozna\u010duje ho jako \u201ezastaral\u00e9\u201c.\r\n\r\nNo, \u201ezastaral\u00e9\u201c\u00a0\u2013 jak se to vezme, na Ukrajinu v\u00a0roce 2014 p\u0159ece vpadli v\u00a0podstat\u011b ideologi\u010dt\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u00edci a n\u00e1stupci pr\u00e1v\u011b on\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, a to se stejn\u00fdmi c\u00edli a \u00famysly jako p\u0159ed dv\u011bma sty lety. Pr\u00e1v\u011b moskali rozpoutali tuto v\u00e1lku a nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed se d\u016fsledn\u011b v\u00e9st ambicemi z\u00a0minulosti sv\u00e9 nepoveden\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.\r\n\r\nCo se t\u00fd\u010de slova <strong>\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044f<\/strong>\u00a0<em>(zde p\u0159elo\u017eeno jako \u201erus\u00e1ci\u201c\u00a0\u2013 pozn. p\u0159ekl.)<\/em>, rusk\u00e1 Wikipedie uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee tento v\u00fdraz <em>\u201ezavedli \u010de\u010den\u0161t\u00ed separatist\u00e9 v\u00a0dob\u011b Druh\u00e9ho \u010de\u010densk\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed\u201c<\/em> a \u017ee jde o\u00a0<em>\u201ehanliv\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro Rusko a v\u0161e, co s\u00a0n\u00edm souvis\u00ed\u201c<\/em>.\r\n\r\nPokud jde o\u00a0v\u00fdraz \u201eseparatist\u00e9\u201c ve vztahu k\u00a0\u010ce\u010densku, je to p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm sporn\u00e9. S\u00a0t\u00edm ostatn\u00edm pln\u011b souhlas\u00edm: pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed naj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli tankem do \u010de\u010densk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed a srovn\u00e1vali m\u011bsto Groznyj se zem\u00ed, se v\u00fdraz \u201eRusov\u00e9\u201c nehod\u00ed, byli to pr\u00e1v\u011b oni moskali, voj\u00e1ci arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 byla po stalet\u00ed zvykl\u00e1 zab\u00edjet a zotro\u010dovat sv\u00e9 sousedy. Zkr\u00e1tka rus\u00e1ci.\r\n\r\nNam\u00edsto zakazov\u00e1n\u00ed slov \u201ekacap\u201c, \u201erus\u00e1k\u201c nebo \u201emoskal\u201c by Rusov\u00e9 m\u011bli b\u00fdt r\u00e1di, \u017ee existuj\u00ed: t\u00edm toti\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1me najevo, \u017ee st\u00e1le rozli\u0161ujeme mezi \u201eRusy\u201c a \u201erus\u00e1ky\u201c. Vy\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdraz\u016f \u201emoskal\u201c a \u201erus\u00e1k\u201c z\u00a0jazyka sami p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0tomu, aby slovo \u201eRus\u201c zobecn\u011blo a nabylo stejn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, jak\u00fd b\u00fdv\u00e1 vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n do dvou shora uveden\u00fdch: zb\u011bsil\u00e1 l\u016fza, kter\u00e1 p\u0159i\u0161la zab\u00edjet.\r\n\r\nA Facebooku bych r\u00e1da poradila, aby si nep\u0159ivlast\u0148oval pravomoc cenzora lidov\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 kreativity. Ka\u017ed\u00fd jazyk se vyv\u00edj\u00ed, proch\u00e1z\u00ed zm\u011bnami a vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkdy jde o\u00a0pozapomenut\u00e9 star\u00e9, n\u011bkdy o\u00a0skute\u010dn\u011b nov\u00e9, kdy se lid\u00e9 sna\u017e\u00ed naj\u00edt definici pro jev, na kter\u00fd p\u0159i sv\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed cest\u011b naraz\u00ed. Pro \u010ce\u010dence to byli pr\u00e1v\u011b \u201erus\u00e1ci\u201c\u00a0\u2013 tuto definici dali t\u00e9 tlup\u011b, kter\u00e1 k\u00a0nim p\u0159i\u0161la, aby zab\u00edjela. Pro Ukrajince je pak \u201emoskal\u201c slovem jaksi opr\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdm, kter\u00e9 bylo najednou op\u011bt aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed a naprosto trefn\u00e9: v\u00a0roce 2014 na Ukrajinu vpadli voj\u00e1ci rusk\u00e9 nepoveden\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, kte\u0159\u00ed zde z\u00a0rozkazu Moskvy rozpoutali v\u00e1lku. Tak\u017ee moskali byli a moskali z\u016fstali.\r\n\r\nNebo \u017ee by opravdu nastal \u010das, abychom v\u00e1m v\u0161em \u0159\u00edkali jednodu\u0161e \u201eRusov\u00e9\u201c a p\u0159estali se sna\u017eit o\u00a0rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed?..\r\n\r\n<strong>UPD 12.\u00a03.\u00a02018 <\/strong>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed stav: b\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed posledn\u00edch dn\u016f byla napadena prakticky cel\u00e1 redakce InformNapalmu. D\u016fsledkem tohoto napl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho \u00fatoku byly blokace, v\u00fdstrahy a maz\u00e1n\u00ed status\u016f, \u010dty\u0159i nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed auto\u0159i projektu dostali ban: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Kaspijka?fref=mentions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Irina Schlegel<\/a> na 7\u00a0dn\u016f, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/irakli.komakhidze1980?fref=mentions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Irakli Komakhidze<\/a> na 7\u00a0dn\u016f, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100010235495201&fref=mentions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mychajlo Kuzn\u011bcov<\/a> na 30\u00a0dn\u016f a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/anton.pavlushko?fref=mentions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anton Pavlushko<\/a> na 3\u00a0dny. Redaktorka <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ua.informnapalm.org\/?fref=mentions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InformNapalm Ukrajina<\/a> byla zablokov\u00e1na na jeden den. Redaktorka <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/inapalmes\/?fref=mentions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InformNapalm Espa\u00f1ol<\/a> dostala v\u00fdstrahu.\r\n\r\nPodn\u011bt ke v\u0161em t\u011bmto blokac\u00edm dali kremel\u0161t\u00ed trollov\u00e9, v\u011bt\u0161inou kv\u016fli dva a\u017e t\u0159i roky star\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016fm, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na\u0161e facebookov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky byly pe\u010dliv\u011b prohled\u00e1ny na p\u0159edm\u011bt v\u00fdskytu zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch slov, za kter\u00e1 lze banovat.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<em><img class=\"alignleft \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2018\/03\/InformNapalm_logo_05.png\" width=\"114\" height=\"50\" \/>Autorka: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Kaspijka\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Irina Schlegel<\/a><\/strong> speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro <strong>InformNapalm<\/strong>. Tituln\u00ed obr\u00e1zek: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100004814202997&fref=pb&hc_location=profile_browser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alex Alexidze<\/a>.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<strong><em>V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed informac\u00ed je nutno uv\u00e9st funk\u010dn\u00ed odkaz na zdroj a autorku <\/em><\/strong><em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Creative Commons \u2014 Attribution 4.0 International \u2014 CC BY 4.0<\/a>)<\/em><strong><em>.<\/em><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><em>Klikn\u011bte na \u201eSd\u00edlet\u201c a pod\u011blte se s\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1teli.<\/em><\/strong><em> Sta\u0148te se fanou\u0161ky str\u00e1nky <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/informnapalmcesko\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InformNapalm \u010cesko<\/a> na Facebooku a nechte se pohotov\u011b informovat o\u00a0nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nP\u0159eklad: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scyhol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3970"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3970\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4087,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3970\/revisions\/4087"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}