{"id":4143,"date":"2018-03-24T09:50:31","date_gmt":"2018-03-24T09:50:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=4143"},"modified":"2018-03-28T09:56:03","modified_gmt":"2018-03-28T09:56:03","slug":"neomezovat-ale-menit-se-vyzvy-evoluce-ve-svetle-verejne-pristupnych-big-dat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/neomezovat-ale-menit-se-vyzvy-evoluce-ve-svetle-verejne-pristupnych-big-dat\/","title":{"rendered":"Neomezovat, ale m\u011bnit se: v\u00fdzvy evoluce ve sv\u011btle ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch Big Dat"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na pozad\u00ed medializovan\u00fdch skand\u00e1l\u016f kolem sb\u011bru dat u\u017eivatel\u016f Facebooku spole\u010dnost\u00ed Cambridge Analytica nab\u00fdv\u00e1 na aktu\u00e1lnosti ot\u00e1zka ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. Technologick\u00e1 evoluce soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed ji\u017e zm\u011bnila tento sv\u011bt a p\u0159isp\u011bla ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti soci\u00e1ln\u00edch komunikac\u00ed. Je v\u0161ak spole\u010dnost p\u0159ipravena tyto zm\u011bny p\u0159ijmout a neupadnout do extr\u00e9mu, je ochotna omezit vlastn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na svobodu komunikace? P\u0159ij\u00edt o\u00a0\u010d\u00e1st vlastn\u00edho pohodl\u00ed kv\u016fli zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f? Toto t\u00e9ma \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm InformNapalmu otev\u0159e v\u011bdec, odborn\u00edk na satelitn\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed, geoinformatiku a statistiku, expert na bezpe\u010dnost a rizika, p\u0159edn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk V\u011bdeck\u00e9ho centra pro leteck\u00fd a vesm\u00edrn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum N\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademie v\u011bd Ukrajiny, docent zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 fakulty Kyjevsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed univerzity Tarase \u0160ev\u010denka, v\u00fdkonn\u00fd tajemn\u00edk V\u00fdboru pro syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy P\u0159edsednictva N\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademie v\u011bd Ukrajiny Jurij Kos\u0165u\u010denko<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 probl\u00e9my je velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 popsat korektn\u011b. Jsou toti\u017e multidimenzion\u00e1ln\u00ed, maj\u00ed tedy n\u011bkolik slo\u017eit\u011b vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00fdch dimenz\u00ed: politick\u00fdch, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a ryze technick\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 je n\u011bkdy velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 nebo tak\u0159ka nemo\u017en\u00e9 od sebe odd\u011blit. Je\u0161t\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed je v\u0161ak dostat tento probl\u00e9m do prostoru pro ve\u0159ejnou diskuzi, pokud spole\u010dnost nen\u00ed p\u0159ipravena pochopit ho v\u00a0pln\u00e9m rozsahu. T\u0159eba kdy\u017e je spole\u010dnost v\u00fdrazn\u011b zpolitizov\u00e1na, dezorientov\u00e1na, nebo kdy\u017e t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti prost\u011b chyb\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fd jazyk, nem\u00e1 v\u0161eobecn\u011b srozumiteln\u00fd a v\u017eit\u00fd terminologick\u00fd z\u00e1klad nutn\u00fd k\u00a0v\u0161estrann\u00e9mu popisu r\u016fznorod\u00fdch a rozmanit\u00fdch proces\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou popisovan\u00e9mu jevu vlastn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato situace vznikla dnes v\u00a0ot\u00e1zce ob\u011bhu u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch dat na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, kter\u00e1 vy\u00fastila v\u00a0dlouhodob\u00fd skand\u00e1l<\/a> kolem sb\u011bru dat u\u017eivatel\u016f Facebooku spole\u010dnost\u00ed Cambridge Analytica.<\/p>\n

Do tohoto skand\u00e1lu se dnes prom\u00edtlo n\u011bkolik pro na\u0161i spole\u010dnost d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za samostatnou zm\u00ednku.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Cambridge Analytica je analytick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 politick\u00fdm stran\u00e1m z\u00edsk\u00e1vat potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed voli\u010de na internetu. Zkoum\u00e1 integrovan\u00e1 data z\u00a0v\u00edce zdroj\u016f v\u010detn\u011b sociologick\u00fdch pr\u016fzkum\u016f a dat ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed k\u00a0vygenerov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eprofilu\u201c voli\u010de. N\u00e1sledn\u011b tato spole\u010dnost pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 programy k\u00a0odhadu chov\u00e1n\u00ed voli\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou ovlivnit specializovan\u00e9 propaga\u010dn\u00ed akce zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed typy voli\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n

Cambridge Analytica stejn\u011b jako mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch politick\u00fdch, v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch a marketingov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed analyzovala data shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Uk\u00e1zalo se v\u0161ak, \u017ee ne v\u0161echna data byla z\u00edsk\u00e1na z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch profil\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f za pomoci leg\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Zejm\u00e9na dle prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed t\u00fdmu Facebooku z\u00a016.\u00a0b\u0159ezna podstatnou \u010d\u00e1st dat z\u00edskala Cambridge Analytica od Alexandra Kogana, profesora Cambridgesk\u00e9 univerzity sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b pov\u011bdom\u00e9ho nejednozna\u010dn\u011b zadan\u00fdmi \u00fakoly, kter\u00fd pro sb\u011br dat vyvinul aplikaci Thisisyourdigitallife.<\/p>\n

Tato aplikace nab\u00edzela u\u017eivatel\u016fm mo\u017enost z\u00edskat popis jejich osobnosti a povahy a prezentovala se jako \u201ev\u00fdzkumn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro psychology\u201c. Aplikace cht\u011bla po u\u017eivatel\u00edch, aby se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sili do syst\u00e9mu p\u0159es jejich profil na Facebooku. Vstup do syst\u00e9mu vy\u017eadoval ud\u011blen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0profilu u\u017eivatele, jeho poloze, aktivit\u00e1m a p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Po form\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nce bylo toto v\u0161e leg\u00e1ln\u00ed, probl\u00e9m v\u0161ak podle Facebooku spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee Kogan n\u00e1sledn\u011b zaslal takto nasb\u00edran\u00e1 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e1 data spole\u010dnosti Cambridge Analytica, ani\u017e by si vy\u017e\u00e1dal souhlas u\u017eivatel\u016f nebo je aspo\u0148 informoval, co\u017e je v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0pravidly soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. \u201eP\u0159esto\u017ee si Kogan obstaral p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0t\u011bmto informac\u00edm v\u00a0souladu se z\u00e1konem a prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm korektn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 tehdy na Facebooku platily, pozd\u011bji na\u0161e pravidla poru\u0161il\u201c, \u0159ekl Paul Grewal, viceprezident a hlavn\u00ed advok\u00e1t Facebooku. Ke stejn\u00e9mu n\u00e1zoru se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed i Mark Zuckerberg ve sv\u00e9m vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed z\u00a021.\u00a0b\u0159ezna.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1m Kogan \u017e\u00e1dosti o\u00a0vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed ignoruje a omezuje se na standardn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi, \u017ee \u00fadajn\u011b podepsal prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o\u00a0ml\u010denlivosti a \u017ee \u201ejeho software pro v\u00fdzkum osobnosti je zcela standardn\u00ed aplikac\u00ed pro podobn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady\u201c. I Koganovi kolegov\u00e9 se odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na jeho v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce v\u00a0oboru l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, kde tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edval data ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

New York Times ozna\u010duje tuto praxi za \u201edelikt ve sf\u00e9\u0159e ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f\u201c a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jde o\u00a0\u201ejeden z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch datov\u00fdch \u00fanik\u016f v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed\u201c. P\u0159es 270.000\u00a0u\u017eivatel\u016f toti\u017e Koganovi zp\u0159\u00edstupnilo sv\u00e9 informace a t\u00edm mu umo\u017enilo tak\u00e9 sb\u00edrat data o\u00a0sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00edch. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku t\u00e9to \u010dinnosti se celkem p\u0159es 50\u00a0milion\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f Facebooku dostalo do hled\u00e1\u010dku analytik\u016f a stalo se tak objektem manipulac\u00ed politick\u00fdch technolog\u016f.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 str\u00e1nka spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee data a n\u00e1stroje pro jejich anal\u00fdzu pozd\u011bji nem\u011bli k\u00a0dispozici jen z\u00e1padn\u00ed politi\u010dt\u00ed technologov\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 rusk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da a ru\u0161t\u00ed oligarchov\u00e9 kontrolovan\u00ed Kremlem, a to d\u00edky rusk\u00fdm grant\u016fm, kter\u00e9 Kogan dost\u00e1val. Proto skute\u010dn\u011b docenit rozsah a dopady toho, co se d\u00e1 popsat jako datov\u00fd \u00fanik, je dnes dost t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Tato kauza, j\u00ed\u017e se dostalo velk\u00e9 publicity, op\u011bt vyvolala spory na t\u00e9ma svobody a bezpe\u010dnosti na internetu a p\u0159i\u017eivila dosavadn\u00ed vlnu vol\u00e1n\u00ed po z\u00e1kazu nebo v\u00fdrazn\u00e9m omezen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zde je na m\u00edst\u011b zm\u00ednit vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed expert\u016f OSN na lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e9 zazn\u011blo 13.\u00a0b\u0159ezna p\u0159i projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy ve v\u011bci krize v\u00a0Myanmaru. Podle t\u00e9to zpr\u00e1vy m\u00e1 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s\u00a0n\u00e1rodem Rohingy\u016f zn\u00e1mky genocidy, k\u00a0jej\u00edmu\u017e odhalen\u00ed, jak poukazuje p\u0159edseda Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed mise OSN pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f genocidy v\u00a0Myanmaru Marzuki Darusman, v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bla soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia. Vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel OSN v\u00a0kauze Myanmar Yanghee Lee a z\u00e1stupci Amnesty International v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159\u00edmo obvinili Facebook ze \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nen\u00e1visti a provokov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1silnost\u00ed proti n\u00e1rod\u016f Rohingy\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tehdy muselo veden\u00ed Facebooku rovn\u011b\u017e vystoupit s\u00a0omluvn\u00fdmi prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edmi.<\/p>\n

Toto v\u0161e prob\u00edhalo na pozad\u00ed protestn\u00ed kampan\u011b, kter\u00e1 se spustila ji\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku s\u00a0podporou organizac\u00ed na ochranu lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a p\u0159ehnala se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b chud\u00fdmi, archaick\u00fdmi a paternalisticky sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00edmi zem\u011bmi Jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie pod hesly: \u201eZ\u00a0Facebooku se stalo monstrum, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euje na\u0161i bezpe\u010dnost. Zaka\u017eme ho!\u201c.<\/p>\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed skand\u00e1l tentokr\u00e1t zburcoval u\u017e i z\u00e1padn\u00ed sv\u011bt, kampa\u0148 po\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed omezen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed se tak dostala i k\u00a0n\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee i p\u0159es zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a pochopiteln\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch vliv\u016f v\u00fdzva \u201ezaka\u017ete n\u00e1m komunikovat, proto\u017ee m\u00e1me strach sami ze sebe\u201c nem\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti z\u00edskat \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed podporu, proto jsou dne\u0161n\u00ed hesla uzp\u016fsobena kultu\u0159e z\u00e1padn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u201eZru\u0161me a zapome\u0148me (Facebook)\u201c, vyzval zakladatel messengeru WhatsApp Brian Acton na Twitteru, kde spustil hashtag #deletefacebook: \u201eNastal \u010das se postarat o\u00a0soukrom\u00ed\u201c. Donella Cohenov\u00e1, mana\u017eerka Weather Channelu, zve\u0159ejnila na sv\u00e9 facebookov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce text reflektuj\u00edc\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed politick\u00e9 trendy: \u201e…nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odhalen\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti ukazuj\u00ed, jak je tato platforma zkorumpovan\u00e1 a \u0161kodliv\u00e1 pro spole\u010dnost. Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee vznikne nov\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, ne tak hrabiv\u00e1, kter\u00e1 nebude rozvracet politick\u00fd proces ve jm\u00e9nu v\u0161emocn\u00e9ho dolaru\u201c.<\/p>\n

V\u0161echna tato prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed bezesporu odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed jistou politickou realitu. Zejm\u00e9na ukazuj\u00ed propastn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v\u00a0ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a politick\u00e9 role technologi\u00ed a strach z\u00a0nezvratnosti zm\u011bn, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Copak zb\u00fdv\u00e1 na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti zamo\u0159en\u00e9 zastaral\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami o\u00a0ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, stra\u0161\u00e1ky kolem tot\u00e1ln\u00edho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u201einforma\u010dn\u00edho koncentr\u00e1ku\u201c, kter\u00e9 zcela chyb\u00ed nejen z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znalosti a p\u0159edstavy o\u00a0podstat\u011b dat a informac\u00ed, o\u00a0big datech, metod\u00e1ch jejich sb\u011bru a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale i v\u0161eobecn\u011b za\u017eit\u00e9 normy v\u00a0takov\u00fdch v\u011bcech jako je soukrom\u00ed? P\u0159edstavy o\u00a0demokracii a lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech u\u00a0n\u00e1s nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tradice institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed interakce na z\u00e1klad\u011b konsenzu\u00e1ln\u00edch postup\u016f, ale extremistick\u00e9 v\u00fdk\u0159iky v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch a populistick\u00e1 demagogie. Nejpodstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak je, \u017ee v\u016fbec nechceme uzn\u00e1vat evoluci technologickou, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ani politickou, v\u00a0jejich slo\u017eit\u00e9m vz\u00e1jemn\u011b podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m propojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Proto se n\u00e1m ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m diskurzu bohu\u017eel nevyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 chyby ani p\u0159edpojatosti typick\u00e9 jak pro v\u00fdchodn\u00ed despocie, tak pro z\u00e1padn\u00ed demokracie.<\/p>\n

Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jsou slo\u017eit\u00e9 um\u011bl\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed prostory, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme my na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00fdch prom\u011bnliv\u00fdch p\u0159ednost\u00ed, nejsou tedy nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e sada bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f n\u00e1hodn\u011b prezentovan\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch a ciz\u00edch osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f propojen\u00fdch ve slo\u017eit\u00e9 dynamick\u00e9 komunity prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm multidimenzion\u00e1ln\u00edch vazeb.<\/p>\n

Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti soci\u00e1ln\u00edch komunikac\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na svobody \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed je pr\u00e1v\u011b hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto jsme je vyvinuli a rozv\u00edjeli. K\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed tohoto \u00fa\u010delu ka\u017ed\u00fd u\u017eivatel s\u00e1m a dobrovoln\u011b napl\u0148uje sv\u016fj profil a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed informace. Takto a d\u00edky tomu se ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b antropologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed, kvalitativn\u011b nov\u00fdch podle zp\u016fsobu shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed, uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, aktualizace a distribuce. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdvoje tohoto komunika\u010dn\u00edho prost\u0159edku vznikaj\u00ed kvalitativn\u011b a kvantitativn\u011b nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto informac\u00ed. Jde o\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fd proces rozvoje lidsk\u00fdch komunikac\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se snoub\u00ed dimenze soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a technologick\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Dnes tedy stoj\u00edme tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0tv\u00e1\u0159 nov\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed realit\u011b, kterou vytvo\u0159ila technologick\u00e1 evoluce.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako na ka\u017edou zm\u011bnu jsou reakce na tuto novou realitu ze strany politick\u00fdch elit, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edch struktur, r\u016fzn\u00fdch skupin spole\u010dnosti a expert\u016f r\u016fzn\u00e9 a rozporupln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Byrokracie chce podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dostat data a n\u00e1stroje pro jejich vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu modelov\u00e1n\u00ed pod svou kontrolu. Politici cht\u011bj\u00ed nasb\u00edran\u00e1 data vyu\u017e\u00edvat, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed zachovat status quo v\u00a0podob\u011b ji\u017e zjevn\u011b zastaral\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f na ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, k\u00a0\u010demu\u017e zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed prvky cenzury. Spole\u010dnost chce kompletn\u00ed ochranu a absolutn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, sou\u010dasn\u011b v\u0161ak po\u017eaduje \u00faplnou svobodu. Absolutn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost je iluze, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak skv\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1stroj manipulac\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem omezen\u00ed svobody. Obchodn\u00edci maj\u00ed bytostn\u00fd z\u00e1jem na vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9, jak je ji\u017e zcela zjevn\u00e9, generuj\u00ed zisk. Experti cht\u011bj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvat nasb\u00edran\u00e1 data k\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed aplikovan\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f, jejich\u017e vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bylo p\u0159edt\u00edm nemo\u017en\u00e9 nebo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e9.<\/p>\n

T\u00edm lze vlastn\u011b vysv\u011btlit tak siln\u00e9 \u00fatoky na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a metody jejich anal\u00fdzy. Kdy\u017e je v\u0161ak tato cesta ji\u017e technologicky dostupn\u00e1, uzav\u0159\u00edt ji nebude mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Teoreticky tedy hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem na vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, je mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed by je nejrad\u0161i zak\u00e1zali a zapomn\u011bli. Co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se technologie soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a sb\u011bru dat budou vyv\u00edjet. A \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 snahy o\u00a0cenzuru, hromadn\u00e9 hysterie ani stra\u0161\u00e1ky to nezastav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

M\u011bli bychom pochopit, s\u00a0\u010d\u00edm m\u00e1me tu \u010dest, a nau\u010dit se s\u00a0t\u00edm pracovat, nikoli se sna\u017eit o\u00a0jeho z\u00e1kaz nebo ignoraci.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mimochodem nejv\u00edce paradoxn\u011b v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu p\u016fsob\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed ze sledovanosti, tedy z\u00a0po\u010dt\u016f sd\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u00fdch titul\u016f, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak jsou odp\u016frci psychosoci\u00e1ln\u00edho profilov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho obecenstva, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje nejp\u0159esn\u011bji poznat, co od nich \u201eskupinov\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u201c o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 a kdo vlastn\u011b je.<\/p>\n

<\/a>A zde prozrad\u00edm patrn\u011b \u201ehroznou v\u011bc\u201c: pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed big dat, zejm\u00e9na dat ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, k\u00a0psychologick\u00e9 profilaci za \u00fa\u010delem kontroly skupinov\u00e9ho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, je fikce, stra\u0161\u00e1k stejn\u00e9ho druhu jako \u201eklimatick\u00e1 zbra\u0148\u201c, \u201e\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed\u201c nebo \u201enooskop\u201c. Na sv\u011bt\u011b existuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm big dat ve sf\u00e9\u0159e soci\u00e1ln\u00edch, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch nebo dokonce vojensk\u00fdch v\u011bd na zcela v\u011bdeck\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b. Dokonce i u\u00a0n\u00e1s p\u016fsob\u00ed n\u011bkolik skupin, kter\u00e9 celkem korektn\u011b sb\u00edraj\u00ed a analyzuj\u00ed data ze statis\u00edc\u016f nebo dokonce milion\u016f profil\u016f. Probl\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u0161ak zat\u00edm nikomu nepoda\u0159ilo nejen vy\u0159e\u0161it, ale dokonce ani korektn\u011b formulovat. Jde pouze o\u00a0zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed indik\u00e1tor\u016f nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho, zejm\u00e9na krimin\u00e1ln\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u0159eba pro \u00fakoly anal\u00fdzy konflikt\u016f a terorismu.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, kde se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 konflikty a v\u00e1lky nov\u00e9ho typu, je ot\u00e1zka vzniku chov\u00e1n\u00ed vedouc\u00edho k\u00a0n\u00e1sil\u00ed a terorismu kriticky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. P\u0159ek\u0159i\u010det tuto ot\u00e1zku hysteri\u00ed o\u00a0\u201etot\u00e1ln\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrole\u201c a zastaralou demagogi\u00ed o\u00a0\u201ebezpe\u010dnosti osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f\u201c je proto dnes prost\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jak pro spole\u010dnost, tak pro st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Bohu\u017eel mus\u00edme konstatovat, \u017ee jak ze strany jednotliv\u00fdch aktivist\u016f po\u010detn\u00fdch ob\u010dansk\u00fdch sdru\u017een\u00ed a organizac\u00ed na ochranu lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, tak n\u011bkter\u00fdch specializovan\u00fdch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch komunit, ba dokonce i n\u011bkter\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch agentur pozorujeme snahy o\u00a0z\u00e1kaz nebo v\u00fdraznou cenzuru v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a technologick\u00fdch prac\u00ed v\u00a0oboru zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed a hodnocen\u00ed ukazatel\u016f nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho skupinov\u00e9ho a osobn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed big dat.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b spole\u010densk\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed, politick\u00fd a v\u011bdeck\u00fd prosp\u011bch z\u00a0t\u00e9to \u010dinnosti je dnes velk\u00fd a nesporn\u00fd. D\u00edky snah\u00e1m skupin M\u00edrotvorce, InformNapalm, Ukrainian Cyber Alliance a n\u011bkolika v\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch skupin byly nashrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny a zanalyzov\u00e1ny informace o\u00a0statis\u00edc\u00edch terorist\u016f, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010dinc\u016f a jejich p\u0159isluhova\u010d\u016f. Umo\u017e\u0148uje to podstatn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zv\u00fd\u0161it stupe\u0148 kontroly nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch hrozeb soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 povahy a na z\u00e1klad\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u011bkter\u00e1 rizika.<\/p>\n

Pouze na\u0161e v\u011bdeck\u00e1 skupina v\u00a0r\u00e1mci n\u011bkolika v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch projekt\u016f p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u0159ady \u00fazk\u00fdch aplikovan\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f ve sf\u00e9\u0159e kriminologie a zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu zanalyzovala p\u0159es 2\u00a0miliony profil\u016f a n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek tis\u00edc tematick\u00fdch skupin na 2 a\u017e 3\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu posledn\u00edch 4\u00a0let. Takto jsme t\u0159eba zjistili rozlo\u017een\u00ed ztr\u00e1t \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch formac\u00ed, ukazatele zapojen\u00ed nezletil\u00fdch, stanovili ukazatele soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 dynamiky okupovan\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed apod. P\u0159i pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b dodr\u017eujeme meze v\u011bdeck\u00e9 etiky, proto zcela leg\u00e1ln\u011b zve\u0159ej\u0148ujeme na\u0161e v\u00fdsledky v\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch monografi\u00edch a \u010dasopisech.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u00fd po\u010det nov\u00fdch publikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed s\u00a0daty ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, \u010din\u00ed zhruba 100 a\u017e 150\u00a0tis\u00edc ro\u010dn\u011b. Tak\u00e9 je ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b celosv\u011btov\u011b registrov\u00e1no cca 15.000\u00a0patent\u016f, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed metodik sb\u011bru a anal\u00fdzy informac\u00ed ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. To vlastn\u011b dokazuje, \u017ee nov\u00e9 technologie shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed, vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed a interpretace informac\u00ed nejsou v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u201ezlo\u010dinn\u00e9\u201c. Jsou to na\u0161e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o\u00a0osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u00edch, jejich ochran\u011b a soukrom\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159edstavy politick\u00e9 a jejich prom\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed do praktick\u00e9ho uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va, co je dost pozadu za technologick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami.<\/p>\n

Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee dnes, na pozad\u00ed ji\u017e druh\u00e9ho dlouhodob\u00e9ho skand\u00e1lu b\u011bhem roku a p\u016fl, se politick\u00e9 a \u00fa\u0159ednick\u00e9 elity budou sna\u017eit demonstrativn\u011b potrestat Facebook. To ov\u0161em prosp\u011bje rozvoji technologi\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako jak\u00e9koli omezen\u00ed monopol\u016f. V\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9m v\u00fdhledu toti\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b toto zabr\u00e1n\u00ed zaveden\u00ed cenzury nebo omezen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje metod psychosoci\u00e1ln\u00edho profilov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee kontrolovat dynamick\u00e9 konkuren\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed je mnohem t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jedin\u00e9ho monopolistu.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed je, \u017ee jsme u\u017e zm\u011bnili sv\u011bt t\u00edm, \u017ee tyto technologie vytvo\u0159ili, te\u010f se budeme muset zm\u011bnit sami, abychom v\u00a0takto zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159e\u017eili.<\/p>\n

\n
Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek zpracoval Jurij Kos\u0165u\u010denko<\/a> speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro InformNapalm
\n(Creative Commons \u2014 Attribution 4.0 International \u2014 CC BY 4.0<\/a>)<\/h5>\n
Klikn\u011bte na \u201eSd\u00edlet\u201c a pod\u011blte se s\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1teli.
\n<\/strong>Sta\u0148te se fanou\u0161ky str\u00e1nky InformNapalm \u010cesko<\/a> a nechte se pohotov\u011b informovat o\u00a0nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b.<\/h5>\n
\n

P\u0159eklad: Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na pozad\u00ed medializovan\u00fdch skand\u00e1l\u016f kolem sb\u011bru dat u\u017eivatel\u016f Facebooku spole\u010dnost\u00ed Cambridge Analytica nab\u00fdv\u00e1 na aktu\u00e1lnosti ot\u00e1zka ochrany…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":4144,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[516,754],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-spolecnost-all-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNeomezovat, ale m\u011bnit se: v\u00fdzvy evoluce ve sv\u011btle ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch Big Dat - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/neomezovat-ale-menit-se-vyzvy-evoluce-ve-svetle-verejne-pristupnych-big-dat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neomezovat, ale m\u011bnit se: v\u00fdzvy evoluce ve sv\u011btle ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch Big Dat - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Na pozad\u00ed medializovan\u00fdch skand\u00e1l\u016f kolem sb\u011bru dat u\u017eivatel\u016f Facebooku spole\u010dnost\u00ed Cambridge Analytica nab\u00fdv\u00e1 na aktu\u00e1lnosti ot\u00e1zka ochrany...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/neomezovat-ale-menit-se-vyzvy-evoluce-ve-svetle-verejne-pristupnych-big-dat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-03-24T09:50:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-28T09:56:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/Neomezovat-ale-m-nit-se_-v-zvy-evoluce-ve-sv-tle-ve-ejn-p-stupn-ch-Big-Data.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"642\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"336\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"svatoslav\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"svatoslav\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/neomezovat-ale-menit-se-vyzvy-evoluce-ve-svetle-verejne-pristupnych-big-dat\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/neomezovat-ale-menit-se-vyzvy-evoluce-ve-svetle-verejne-pristupnych-big-dat\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"svatoslav\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/df2cf86bd5e35ae01a82d1108d3c5f51\"},\"headline\":\"Neomezovat, ale m\u011bnit se: v\u00fdzvy evoluce ve sv\u011btle ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch Big Dat\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-03-24T09:50:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-03-28T09:56:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/neomezovat-ale-menit-se-vyzvy-evoluce-ve-svetle-verejne-pristupnych-big-dat\/\"},\"wordCount\":3048,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/neomezovat-ale-menit-se-vyzvy-evoluce-ve-svetle-verejne-pristupnych-big-dat\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/Neomezovat-ale-m-nit-se_-v-zvy-evoluce-ve-sv-tle-ve-ejn-p-stupn-ch-Big-Data.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Novinky\",\"Spole\u010dnost\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/neomezovat-ale-menit-se-vyzvy-evoluce-ve-svetle-verejne-pristupnych-big-dat\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/neomezovat-ale-menit-se-vyzvy-evoluce-ve-svetle-verejne-pristupnych-big-dat\/\",\"name\":\"Neomezovat, ale m\u011bnit se: v\u00fdzvy evoluce ve sv\u011btle ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch Big Dat - 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Technologick\u00e1 evoluce soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed ji\u017e zm\u011bnila tento sv\u011bt a p\u0159isp\u011bla ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti soci\u00e1ln\u00edch komunikac\u00ed. Je v\u0161ak spole\u010dnost p\u0159ipravena tyto zm\u011bny p\u0159ijmout a neupadnout do extr\u00e9mu, je ochotna omezit vlastn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na svobodu komunikace? P\u0159ij\u00edt o\u00a0\u010d\u00e1st vlastn\u00edho pohodl\u00ed kv\u016fli zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f? Toto t\u00e9ma \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm InformNapalmu otev\u0159e v\u011bdec, odborn\u00edk na satelitn\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed, geoinformatiku a statistiku, expert na bezpe\u010dnost a rizika, p\u0159edn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk V\u011bdeck\u00e9ho centra pro leteck\u00fd a vesm\u00edrn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum N\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademie v\u011bd Ukrajiny, docent zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 fakulty Kyjevsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed univerzity Tarase \u0160ev\u010denka, v\u00fdkonn\u00fd tajemn\u00edk V\u00fdboru pro syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy P\u0159edsednictva N\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademie v\u011bd Ukrajiny <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/yuriy.kostyuchenko.9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jurij Kos\u0165u\u010denko<\/a>.<\/strong><!--more-->\r\n\r\nN\u011bkter\u00e9 probl\u00e9my je velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 popsat korektn\u011b. Jsou toti\u017e multidimenzion\u00e1ln\u00ed, maj\u00ed tedy n\u011bkolik slo\u017eit\u011b vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00fdch dimenz\u00ed: politick\u00fdch, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a ryze technick\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 je n\u011bkdy velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 nebo tak\u0159ka nemo\u017en\u00e9 od sebe odd\u011blit. Je\u0161t\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed je v\u0161ak dostat tento probl\u00e9m do prostoru pro ve\u0159ejnou diskuzi, pokud spole\u010dnost nen\u00ed p\u0159ipravena pochopit ho v\u00a0pln\u00e9m rozsahu. T\u0159eba kdy\u017e je spole\u010dnost v\u00fdrazn\u011b zpolitizov\u00e1na, dezorientov\u00e1na, nebo kdy\u017e t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti prost\u011b chyb\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fd jazyk, nem\u00e1 v\u0161eobecn\u011b srozumiteln\u00fd a v\u017eit\u00fd terminologick\u00fd z\u00e1klad nutn\u00fd k\u00a0v\u0161estrann\u00e9mu popisu r\u016fznorod\u00fdch a rozmanit\u00fdch proces\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou popisovan\u00e9mu jevu vlastn\u00ed.\r\n\r\nPr\u00e1v\u011b tato situace vznikla dnes v\u00a0ot\u00e1zce ob\u011bhu u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch dat na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, kter\u00e1 vy\u00fastila v\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\/features-43475612\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dlouhodob\u00fd skand\u00e1l<\/a> kolem sb\u011bru dat u\u017eivatel\u016f Facebooku spole\u010dnost\u00ed Cambridge Analytica.\r\n\r\nDo tohoto skand\u00e1lu se dnes prom\u00edtlo n\u011bkolik pro na\u0161i spole\u010dnost d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za samostatnou zm\u00ednku.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2018\/03\/cambridge.jpg\"><img class=\"alignleft \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2018\/03\/cambridge.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"171\" \/><\/a>Cambridge Analytica je analytick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 politick\u00fdm stran\u00e1m z\u00edsk\u00e1vat potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed voli\u010de na internetu. Zkoum\u00e1 integrovan\u00e1 data z\u00a0v\u00edce zdroj\u016f v\u010detn\u011b sociologick\u00fdch pr\u016fzkum\u016f a dat ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed k\u00a0vygenerov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eprofilu\u201c voli\u010de. N\u00e1sledn\u011b tato spole\u010dnost pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 programy k\u00a0odhadu chov\u00e1n\u00ed voli\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou ovlivnit specializovan\u00e9 propaga\u010dn\u00ed akce zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed typy voli\u010d\u016f.\r\n\r\nCambridge Analytica stejn\u011b jako mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch politick\u00fdch, v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch a marketingov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed analyzovala data shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Uk\u00e1zalo se v\u0161ak, \u017ee ne v\u0161echna data byla z\u00edsk\u00e1na z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch profil\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f za pomoci leg\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Zejm\u00e9na dle prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed t\u00fdmu Facebooku z\u00a016.\u00a0b\u0159ezna podstatnou \u010d\u00e1st dat z\u00edskala Cambridge Analytica od Alexandra Kogana, profesora Cambridgesk\u00e9 univerzity sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b pov\u011bdom\u00e9ho nejednozna\u010dn\u011b zadan\u00fdmi \u00fakoly, kter\u00fd pro sb\u011br dat vyvinul aplikaci Thisisyourdigitallife.\r\n\r\nTato aplikace nab\u00edzela u\u017eivatel\u016fm mo\u017enost z\u00edskat popis jejich osobnosti a povahy a prezentovala se jako \u201ev\u00fdzkumn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro psychology\u201c. Aplikace cht\u011bla po u\u017eivatel\u00edch, aby se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sili do syst\u00e9mu p\u0159es jejich profil na Facebooku. Vstup do syst\u00e9mu vy\u017eadoval ud\u011blen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0profilu u\u017eivatele, jeho poloze, aktivit\u00e1m a p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm.\r\n\r\nPo form\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nce bylo toto v\u0161e leg\u00e1ln\u00ed, probl\u00e9m v\u0161ak podle Facebooku spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee Kogan n\u00e1sledn\u011b zaslal takto nasb\u00edran\u00e1 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e1 data spole\u010dnosti Cambridge Analytica, ani\u017e by si vy\u017e\u00e1dal souhlas u\u017eivatel\u016f nebo je aspo\u0148 informoval, co\u017e je v\u00a0rozporu s\u00a0pravidly soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. \u201eP\u0159esto\u017ee si Kogan obstaral p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0t\u011bmto informac\u00edm v\u00a0souladu se z\u00e1konem a prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm korektn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 tehdy na Facebooku platily, pozd\u011bji na\u0161e pravidla poru\u0161il\u201c, \u0159ekl Paul Grewal, viceprezident a hlavn\u00ed advok\u00e1t Facebooku. Ke stejn\u00e9mu n\u00e1zoru se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed i Mark Zuckerberg ve sv\u00e9m vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed z\u00a021.\u00a0b\u0159ezna.\r\n\r\nS\u00e1m Kogan \u017e\u00e1dosti o\u00a0vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed ignoruje a omezuje se na standardn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi, \u017ee \u00fadajn\u011b podepsal prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o\u00a0ml\u010denlivosti a \u017ee \u201ejeho software pro v\u00fdzkum osobnosti je zcela standardn\u00ed aplikac\u00ed pro podobn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady\u201c. I Koganovi kolegov\u00e9 se odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na jeho v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce v\u00a0oboru l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, kde tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edval data ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed.\r\n\r\nNew York Times ozna\u010duje tuto praxi za \u201edelikt ve sf\u00e9\u0159e ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f\u201c a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jde o\u00a0\u201ejeden z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch datov\u00fdch \u00fanik\u016f v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed\u201c. P\u0159es 270.000\u00a0u\u017eivatel\u016f toti\u017e Koganovi zp\u0159\u00edstupnilo sv\u00e9 informace a t\u00edm mu umo\u017enilo tak\u00e9 sb\u00edrat data o\u00a0sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00edch. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku t\u00e9to \u010dinnosti se celkem p\u0159es 50\u00a0milion\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f Facebooku dostalo do hled\u00e1\u010dku analytik\u016f a stalo se tak objektem manipulac\u00ed politick\u00fdch technolog\u016f.\r\n\r\nD\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 str\u00e1nka spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee data a n\u00e1stroje pro jejich anal\u00fdzu pozd\u011bji nem\u011bli k\u00a0dispozici jen z\u00e1padn\u00ed politi\u010dt\u00ed technologov\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 rusk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da a ru\u0161t\u00ed oligarchov\u00e9 kontrolovan\u00ed Kremlem, a to d\u00edky rusk\u00fdm grant\u016fm, kter\u00e9 Kogan dost\u00e1val. Proto skute\u010dn\u011b docenit rozsah a dopady toho, co se d\u00e1 popsat jako datov\u00fd \u00fanik, je dnes dost t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9.\r\n\r\nTato kauza, j\u00ed\u017e se dostalo velk\u00e9 publicity, op\u011bt vyvolala spory na t\u00e9ma svobody a bezpe\u010dnosti na internetu a p\u0159i\u017eivila dosavadn\u00ed vlnu vol\u00e1n\u00ed po z\u00e1kazu nebo v\u00fdrazn\u00e9m omezen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed.\r\n\r\nZde je na m\u00edst\u011b zm\u00ednit vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed expert\u016f OSN na lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e9 zazn\u011blo 13.\u00a0b\u0159ezna p\u0159i projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy ve v\u011bci krize v\u00a0Myanmaru. Podle t\u00e9to zpr\u00e1vy m\u00e1 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s\u00a0n\u00e1rodem Rohingy\u016f zn\u00e1mky genocidy, k\u00a0jej\u00edmu\u017e odhalen\u00ed, jak poukazuje p\u0159edseda Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed mise OSN pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f genocidy v\u00a0Myanmaru Marzuki Darusman, v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bla soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia. Vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel OSN v\u00a0kauze Myanmar Yanghee Lee a z\u00e1stupci Amnesty International v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159\u00edmo obvinili Facebook ze \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nen\u00e1visti a provokov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1silnost\u00ed proti n\u00e1rod\u016f Rohingy\u016f.\r\n\r\nTehdy muselo veden\u00ed Facebooku rovn\u011b\u017e vystoupit s\u00a0omluvn\u00fdmi prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edmi.\r\n\r\nToto v\u0161e prob\u00edhalo na pozad\u00ed protestn\u00ed kampan\u011b, kter\u00e1 se spustila ji\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku s\u00a0podporou organizac\u00ed na ochranu lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a p\u0159ehnala se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b chud\u00fdmi, archaick\u00fdmi a paternalisticky sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00edmi zem\u011bmi Jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie pod hesly: \u201eZ\u00a0Facebooku se stalo monstrum, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euje na\u0161i bezpe\u010dnost. Zaka\u017eme ho!\u201c.\r\n\r\nAktu\u00e1ln\u00ed skand\u00e1l tentokr\u00e1t zburcoval u\u017e i z\u00e1padn\u00ed sv\u011bt, kampa\u0148 po\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed omezen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed se tak dostala i k\u00a0n\u00e1m.\r\n\r\nJe jasn\u00e9, \u017ee i p\u0159es zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a pochopiteln\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch vliv\u016f v\u00fdzva \u201ezaka\u017ete n\u00e1m komunikovat, proto\u017ee m\u00e1me strach sami ze sebe\u201c nem\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti z\u00edskat \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed podporu, proto jsou dne\u0161n\u00ed hesla uzp\u016fsobena kultu\u0159e z\u00e1padn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2018\/03\/Time-to-Delete-Facebook-says-WhatsApp-Co-Founder-Brian-Acton.jpg\"><img class=\"alignleft \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2018\/03\/Time-to-Delete-Facebook-says-WhatsApp-Co-Founder-Brian-Acton.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" \/><\/a>\u201eZru\u0161me a zapome\u0148me (Facebook)\u201c, vyzval zakladatel messengeru WhatsApp Brian Acton na Twitteru, kde spustil hashtag #deletefacebook: \u201eNastal \u010das se postarat o\u00a0soukrom\u00ed\u201c. Donella Cohenov\u00e1, mana\u017eerka Weather Channelu, zve\u0159ejnila na sv\u00e9 facebookov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce text reflektuj\u00edc\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed politick\u00e9 trendy: \u201e...nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odhalen\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti ukazuj\u00ed, jak je tato platforma zkorumpovan\u00e1 a \u0161kodliv\u00e1 pro spole\u010dnost. Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee vznikne nov\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, ne tak hrabiv\u00e1, kter\u00e1 nebude rozvracet politick\u00fd proces ve jm\u00e9nu v\u0161emocn\u00e9ho dolaru\u201c.\r\n\r\nV\u0161echna tato prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed bezesporu odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed jistou politickou realitu. Zejm\u00e9na ukazuj\u00ed propastn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v\u00a0ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a politick\u00e9 role technologi\u00ed a strach z\u00a0nezvratnosti zm\u011bn, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed.\r\n\r\nCopak zb\u00fdv\u00e1 na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti zamo\u0159en\u00e9 zastaral\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami o\u00a0ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, stra\u0161\u00e1ky kolem tot\u00e1ln\u00edho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u201einforma\u010dn\u00edho koncentr\u00e1ku\u201c, kter\u00e9 zcela chyb\u00ed nejen z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znalosti a p\u0159edstavy o\u00a0podstat\u011b dat a informac\u00ed, o\u00a0big datech, metod\u00e1ch jejich sb\u011bru a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale i v\u0161eobecn\u011b za\u017eit\u00e9 normy v\u00a0takov\u00fdch v\u011bcech jako je soukrom\u00ed? P\u0159edstavy o\u00a0demokracii a lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech u\u00a0n\u00e1s nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tradice institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed interakce na z\u00e1klad\u011b konsenzu\u00e1ln\u00edch postup\u016f, ale extremistick\u00e9 v\u00fdk\u0159iky v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch a populistick\u00e1 demagogie. Nejpodstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak je, \u017ee v\u016fbec nechceme uzn\u00e1vat evoluci technologickou, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ani politickou, v\u00a0jejich slo\u017eit\u00e9m vz\u00e1jemn\u011b podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m propojen\u00ed.\r\n\r\nProto se n\u00e1m ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m diskurzu bohu\u017eel nevyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 chyby ani p\u0159edpojatosti typick\u00e9 jak pro v\u00fdchodn\u00ed despocie, tak pro z\u00e1padn\u00ed demokracie.\r\n\r\nSoci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jsou slo\u017eit\u00e9 um\u011bl\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed prostory, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme my na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00fdch prom\u011bnliv\u00fdch p\u0159ednost\u00ed, nejsou tedy nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e sada bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f n\u00e1hodn\u011b prezentovan\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch a ciz\u00edch osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f propojen\u00fdch ve slo\u017eit\u00e9 dynamick\u00e9 komunity prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm multidimenzion\u00e1ln\u00edch vazeb.\r\n\r\nZv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti soci\u00e1ln\u00edch komunikac\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na svobody \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed je pr\u00e1v\u011b hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto jsme je vyvinuli a rozv\u00edjeli. K\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed tohoto \u00fa\u010delu ka\u017ed\u00fd u\u017eivatel s\u00e1m a dobrovoln\u011b napl\u0148uje sv\u016fj profil a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed informace. Takto a d\u00edky tomu se ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b antropologick\u00fdch informac\u00ed, kvalitativn\u011b nov\u00fdch podle zp\u016fsobu shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed, uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, aktualizace a distribuce. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdvoje tohoto komunika\u010dn\u00edho prost\u0159edku vznikaj\u00ed kvalitativn\u011b a kvantitativn\u011b nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto informac\u00ed. Jde o\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fd proces rozvoje lidsk\u00fdch komunikac\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se snoub\u00ed dimenze soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a technologick\u00e1.\r\n\r\n<strong>Dnes tedy stoj\u00edme tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0tv\u00e1\u0159 nov\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed realit\u011b, kterou vytvo\u0159ila technologick\u00e1 evoluce.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nStejn\u011b jako na ka\u017edou zm\u011bnu jsou reakce na tuto novou realitu ze strany politick\u00fdch elit, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edch struktur, r\u016fzn\u00fdch skupin spole\u010dnosti a expert\u016f r\u016fzn\u00e9 a rozporupln\u00e9.\r\n\r\nByrokracie chce podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dostat data a n\u00e1stroje pro jejich vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu modelov\u00e1n\u00ed pod svou kontrolu. Politici cht\u011bj\u00ed nasb\u00edran\u00e1 data vyu\u017e\u00edvat, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed zachovat status quo v\u00a0podob\u011b ji\u017e zjevn\u011b zastaral\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f na ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, k\u00a0\u010demu\u017e zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed prvky cenzury. Spole\u010dnost chce kompletn\u00ed ochranu a absolutn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, sou\u010dasn\u011b v\u0161ak po\u017eaduje \u00faplnou svobodu. Absolutn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost je iluze, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak skv\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1stroj manipulac\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem omezen\u00ed svobody. Obchodn\u00edci maj\u00ed bytostn\u00fd z\u00e1jem na vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9, jak je ji\u017e zcela zjevn\u00e9, generuj\u00ed zisk. Experti cht\u011bj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvat nasb\u00edran\u00e1 data k\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed aplikovan\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f, jejich\u017e vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bylo p\u0159edt\u00edm nemo\u017en\u00e9 nebo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e9.\r\n\r\nT\u00edm lze vlastn\u011b vysv\u011btlit tak siln\u00e9 \u00fatoky na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a metody jejich anal\u00fdzy. Kdy\u017e je v\u0161ak tato cesta ji\u017e technologicky dostupn\u00e1, uzav\u0159\u00edt ji nebude mo\u017en\u00e9.\r\n\r\nTeoreticky tedy hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem na vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, je mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed by je nejrad\u0161i zak\u00e1zali a zapomn\u011bli. Co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se technologie soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a sb\u011bru dat budou vyv\u00edjet. A \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 snahy o\u00a0cenzuru, hromadn\u00e9 hysterie ani stra\u0161\u00e1ky to nezastav\u00ed.\r\n\r\n<strong>M\u011bli bychom pochopit, s\u00a0\u010d\u00edm m\u00e1me tu \u010dest, a nau\u010dit se s\u00a0t\u00edm pracovat, nikoli se sna\u017eit o\u00a0jeho z\u00e1kaz nebo ignoraci.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMimochodem nejv\u00edce paradoxn\u011b v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu p\u016fsob\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed ze sledovanosti, tedy z\u00a0po\u010dt\u016f sd\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u00fdch titul\u016f, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak jsou odp\u016frci psychosoci\u00e1ln\u00edho profilov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho obecenstva, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje nejp\u0159esn\u011bji poznat, co od nich \u201eskupinov\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u201c o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 a kdo vlastn\u011b je.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2018\/03\/Digital-Transformation-italia-845x510.jpg\"><img class=\"alignleft \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2018\/03\/Digital-Transformation-italia-845x510.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"183\" \/><\/a>A zde prozrad\u00edm patrn\u011b \u201ehroznou v\u011bc\u201c: pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed big dat, zejm\u00e9na dat ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, k\u00a0psychologick\u00e9 profilaci za \u00fa\u010delem kontroly skupinov\u00e9ho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, je fikce, stra\u0161\u00e1k stejn\u00e9ho druhu jako \u201eklimatick\u00e1 zbra\u0148\u201c, \u201e\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed\u201c nebo \u201enooskop\u201c. Na sv\u011bt\u011b existuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm big dat ve sf\u00e9\u0159e soci\u00e1ln\u00edch, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch nebo dokonce vojensk\u00fdch v\u011bd na zcela v\u011bdeck\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b. Dokonce i u\u00a0n\u00e1s p\u016fsob\u00ed n\u011bkolik skupin, kter\u00e9 celkem korektn\u011b sb\u00edraj\u00ed a analyzuj\u00ed data ze statis\u00edc\u016f nebo dokonce milion\u016f profil\u016f. Probl\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u0161ak zat\u00edm nikomu nepoda\u0159ilo nejen vy\u0159e\u0161it, ale dokonce ani korektn\u011b formulovat. Jde pouze o\u00a0zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed indik\u00e1tor\u016f nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho, zejm\u00e9na krimin\u00e1ln\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u0159eba pro \u00fakoly anal\u00fdzy konflikt\u016f a terorismu.\r\n\r\nV\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, kde se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 konflikty a v\u00e1lky nov\u00e9ho typu, je ot\u00e1zka vzniku chov\u00e1n\u00ed vedouc\u00edho k\u00a0n\u00e1sil\u00ed a terorismu kriticky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. P\u0159ek\u0159i\u010det tuto ot\u00e1zku hysteri\u00ed o\u00a0\u201etot\u00e1ln\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrole\u201c a zastaralou demagogi\u00ed o\u00a0\u201ebezpe\u010dnosti osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f\u201c je proto dnes prost\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jak pro spole\u010dnost, tak pro st\u00e1t.\r\n\r\nBohu\u017eel mus\u00edme konstatovat, \u017ee jak ze strany jednotliv\u00fdch aktivist\u016f po\u010detn\u00fdch ob\u010dansk\u00fdch sdru\u017een\u00ed a organizac\u00ed na ochranu lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, tak n\u011bkter\u00fdch specializovan\u00fdch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch komunit, ba dokonce i n\u011bkter\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch agentur pozorujeme snahy o\u00a0z\u00e1kaz nebo v\u00fdraznou cenzuru v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a technologick\u00fdch prac\u00ed v\u00a0oboru zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed a hodnocen\u00ed ukazatel\u016f nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho skupinov\u00e9ho a osobn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed big dat.\r\n\r\nNicm\u00e9n\u011b spole\u010densk\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed, politick\u00fd a v\u011bdeck\u00fd prosp\u011bch z\u00a0t\u00e9to \u010dinnosti je dnes velk\u00fd a nesporn\u00fd. D\u00edky snah\u00e1m skupin M\u00edrotvorce, InformNapalm, Ukrainian Cyber Alliance a n\u011bkolika v\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch skupin byly nashrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny a zanalyzov\u00e1ny informace o\u00a0statis\u00edc\u00edch terorist\u016f, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010dinc\u016f a jejich p\u0159isluhova\u010d\u016f. Umo\u017e\u0148uje to podstatn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zv\u00fd\u0161it stupe\u0148 kontroly nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch hrozeb soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 povahy a na z\u00e1klad\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u011bkter\u00e1 rizika.\r\n\r\nPouze na\u0161e v\u011bdeck\u00e1 skupina v\u00a0r\u00e1mci n\u011bkolika v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch projekt\u016f p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u0159ady \u00fazk\u00fdch aplikovan\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f ve sf\u00e9\u0159e kriminologie a zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu zanalyzovala p\u0159es 2\u00a0miliony profil\u016f a n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek tis\u00edc tematick\u00fdch skupin na 2 a\u017e 3\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu posledn\u00edch 4\u00a0let. Takto jsme t\u0159eba zjistili rozlo\u017een\u00ed ztr\u00e1t \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch formac\u00ed, ukazatele zapojen\u00ed nezletil\u00fdch, stanovili ukazatele soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 dynamiky okupovan\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed apod. P\u0159i pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b dodr\u017eujeme meze v\u011bdeck\u00e9 etiky, proto zcela leg\u00e1ln\u011b zve\u0159ej\u0148ujeme na\u0161e v\u00fdsledky v\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch monografi\u00edch a \u010dasopisech.\r\n\r\nCelkov\u00fd po\u010det nov\u00fdch publikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed s\u00a0daty ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, \u010din\u00ed zhruba 100 a\u017e 150\u00a0tis\u00edc ro\u010dn\u011b. Tak\u00e9 je ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b celosv\u011btov\u011b registrov\u00e1no cca 15.000\u00a0patent\u016f, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed metodik sb\u011bru a anal\u00fdzy informac\u00ed ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. To vlastn\u011b dokazuje, \u017ee nov\u00e9 technologie shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed, vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed a interpretace informac\u00ed nejsou v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u201ezlo\u010dinn\u00e9\u201c. Jsou to na\u0161e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o\u00a0osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u00edch, jejich ochran\u011b a soukrom\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159edstavy politick\u00e9 a jejich prom\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed do praktick\u00e9ho uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va, co je dost pozadu za technologick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami.\r\n\r\nJe jasn\u00e9, \u017ee dnes, na pozad\u00ed ji\u017e druh\u00e9ho dlouhodob\u00e9ho skand\u00e1lu b\u011bhem roku a p\u016fl, se politick\u00e9 a \u00fa\u0159ednick\u00e9 elity budou sna\u017eit demonstrativn\u011b potrestat Facebook. To ov\u0161em prosp\u011bje rozvoji technologi\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako jak\u00e9koli omezen\u00ed monopol\u016f. V\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9m v\u00fdhledu toti\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b toto zabr\u00e1n\u00ed zaveden\u00ed cenzury nebo omezen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje metod psychosoci\u00e1ln\u00edho profilov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee kontrolovat dynamick\u00e9 konkuren\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed je mnohem t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jedin\u00e9ho monopolistu.\r\n\r\nHlavn\u00ed je, \u017ee jsme u\u017e zm\u011bnili sv\u011bt t\u00edm, \u017ee tyto technologie vytvo\u0159ili, te\u010f se budeme muset zm\u011bnit sami, abychom v\u00a0takto zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159e\u017eili.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\"><img class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/12\/InformNapalm_logo_05.png\" width=\"114\" height=\"50\" \/>Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek zpracoval <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/yuriy.kostyuchenko.9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jurij Kos\u0165u\u010denko<\/a> speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro InformNapalm\r\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Creative Commons \u2014 Attribution 4.0 International \u2014 CC BY 4.0<\/a>)<\/h5>\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Klikn\u011bte na \u201eSd\u00edlet\u201c a pod\u011blte se s\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1teli.\r\n<\/strong>Sta\u0148te se fanou\u0161ky str\u00e1nky <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/informnapalmcesko\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InformNapalm \u010cesko<\/a> a nechte se pohotov\u011b informovat o\u00a0nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b.<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nP\u0159eklad: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scyhol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4143"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4145,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4143\/revisions\/4145"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}