{"id":4241,"date":"2018-04-23T18:44:30","date_gmt":"2018-04-23T18:44:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=4241"},"modified":"2018-04-24T13:14:31","modified_gmt":"2018-04-24T13:14:31","slug":"telegram-co-za-to-proc-se-tomuto-messengeru-vyhnout","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/telegram-co-za-to-proc-se-tomuto-messengeru-vyhnout\/","title":{"rendered":"Telegram: co za to? Pro\u010d se tomuto messengeru vyhnout"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ji\u017e t\u00fdden neutuch\u00e1 rozruch kolem messengeru Telegram, kter\u00fd se v\u00a0Rusku dostal na bloka\u010dn\u00ed seznam \u00fa\u0159adu Roskomnadzor vykon\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho dozor v\u00a0oblasti komunikace a informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed. Ji\u017e v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 2017 za\u010dala rusk\u00e1 FSB po managementu Telegramu cht\u00edt, aby j\u00ed poskytl \u0161ifrovac\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de pro zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 korespondence u\u017eivatel\u016f na messengeru. 30.\u00a0srpna 2017 Telegram poskytnout tyto kl\u00ed\u010de ofici\u00e1ln\u011b odm\u00edtl, na co\u017e Roskomnadzor reagoval soudn\u00ed \u017ealobou. 13.\u00a0dubna 2018 obvodn\u00ed soud Taganskij v\u00a0Moskv\u011b \u017ealob\u011b Roskomnadzoru vyhov\u011bl a rozsudkem ulo\u017eil, \u017ee kv\u016fli neposkytnut\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f pro de\u0161ifraci u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v bude p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0messengeru Telegram z\u00a0Ruska omezen.<\/p>\n

Opozi\u010dn\u00ed hr\u00e1tky s\u00a0Kremlem<\/h2>\n

Dnem 16.\u00a0kv\u011btna Roskomnadzor zapo\u010dal s\u00a0blokac\u00ed tohoto messengeru na rusk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, za uplynulou dobu v\u0161ak v\u00a0tom nijak v\u00fdznamn\u011b nepokro\u010dil. Obliba Telegramu naopak jen stoupla. Ru\u0161t\u00ed opozi\u010dn\u00edci vychvaluj\u00ed nepotopiteln\u00fd Telegram do nebes, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0l\u00eddr\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed dokonce za\u0161li tak daleko, \u017ee prorokuj\u00ed zakladateli Telegramu Pavlu Durovovi prezidentsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad v\u00a0Kremlu. K\u00a0t\u011bmto schvaluj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdk\u0159ik\u016fm se p\u0159idalo i mnoho ukrajinsk\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f internetu a bloger\u016f. Obliba Pavla Durova a Telegramu se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na novou \u00farove\u0148 d\u00edky st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu podporovatel\u016f. Je v\u0161ak tento messenger tak bezpe\u010dn\u00fd, jak se tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, a je s\u00e1m Durov v\u016f\u010di Kremlu a\u017e tolik opozi\u010dn\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Na \u00favod je na m\u00edst\u011b p\u0159ipomenout, kde a kdy se vzal Telegram. Pov\u011bst (roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 samotn\u00fdm Pavlem Durovem) prav\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1pad vytvo\u0159it chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd messenger Pavel dostal v\u00a0den, kdy jeho byt v\u00a0roce 2011 nav\u0161t\u00edvil \u00fatvar rychl\u00e9ho nasazen\u00ed. Kdy\u017e zasahuj\u00edc\u00ed t\u011b\u017ekood\u011bnci kone\u010dn\u011b ode\u0161li, Pavel se pokusil napsat sv\u00e9mu star\u0161\u00edmu bratrovi Nikolaji a do\u0161lo mu, \u017ee pro tak nouzov\u00e9 situace nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1l. Dva roky po tomto incidentu se na trh dostal Telegram zalo\u017een\u00fd na kryptografick\u00e9m protokolu MTProto, kter\u00fd vyvinul s\u00e1m Durov.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b tak Nikolaj Durov, talentovan\u00fd matematik a program\u00e1tor, p\u0159ed lety vynalo\u017eil mnoho \u00fasil\u00ed pro vznik soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b VKontakt\u011b. Pavel a Nikolaj jsou dva brat\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed zalo\u017eili dva monstr\u00f3zn\u00ed IT projekty, vyrostli z\u00a0ni\u010deho ve velkopodnikatele s\u00a0milionov\u00fdmi zisky, stali se jak\u00fdmsi \u017eivouc\u00edm zhmotn\u011bn\u00edm americk\u00e9ho snu. Mohli bychom si \u0159\u00edct: copak tady nehraje?<\/p>\n

\u017de Durovovi mohli b\u00fdt talentovan\u00fdmi program\u00e1tory a v\u00a0dnes u\u017e vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m roce 2006 uv\u00e9st na trh VKontakt\u011b, je zcela re\u00e1ln\u00e9. \u017de by jim v\u0161ak dovolili takto vyr\u016fst a umo\u017enili tak velk\u00fd projekt i nad\u00e1le v\u00a0klidu \u0159\u00eddit, to v\u0161ak jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed. M\u00e1me-li b\u00fdt p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u0161lo by to kdekoli jinde, jen ne v\u00a0Rusku. Pro rusk\u00fd byznys plat\u00ed, \u017ee jakmile se firma jak\u017etak\u017e zviditeln\u00ed a za\u010dne vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stky, hned ji nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed \u201ehost\u00e9\u201c. Po t\u00e9to n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b mus\u00ed firma m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b odv\u00e1d\u011bt jist\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed pod\u00edl mocensk\u00fdm struktur\u00e1m a nav\u00edc samoz\u0159ejm\u011b spolupracovat s\u00a0organizacemi jako je FSB. Odm\u00edtnout nelze: bu\u010f podnik\u00e1te v\u00a0Rusku a spolupracujete, nebo opust\u00edte v\u0161e, co jste vybudovali, a odejdete do zahrani\u010d\u00ed, abyste mohli podnikat podle poctiv\u00fdch a transparentn\u00edch pravidel hry. S\u00a0ve\u0161kerou \u00factou tak nelze br\u00e1t v\u00e1\u017en\u011b pov\u00edda\u010dky Pavla Durova o\u00a0\u00fadajn\u00e9 pln\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti VKontakt\u011b a pln\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti Telegramu. To v\u00a0Putinov\u011b Rusku prost\u011b nejde.<\/p>\n

Specializace na propagandu a psychologickou v\u00e1lku<\/h2>\n

Ani \u017eivotopis samotn\u00e9ho Durova v\u0161ak nen\u00ed tak jednoduch\u00fd, jak b\u00fdv\u00e1 vykreslov\u00e1n v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch. Sta\u010d\u00ed t\u0159eba, \u017ee Pavel vystudoval Petrohradskou st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzitu v\u00a0oboru anglick\u00e1 filologie a p\u0159ekladatelstv\u00ed. Je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, \u017ee nikoli programov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo aplikovanou matematiku, ale to je\u0161t\u011b nevad\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b se p\u0159ece stane, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk dos\u00e1hne \u00fasp\u011bchu v\u00a0n\u011b\u010dem jin\u00e9m, ne\u017e vystudoval. Nechyb\u00ed ani dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmavost: rok p\u0159ed dokon\u010den\u00edm studia (co\u017e se \u010dasov\u011b shoduje s\u00a0rokem, kdy byla VKontak\u011b uvedena na trh) dokon\u010dil Pavel odbornou v\u00fdchovu na fakult\u011b vojensk\u00fdch studi\u00ed v\u00a0oboru propaganda a psychologick\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. Ani tato skute\u010dnost v\u0161ak neoprav\u0148uje k\u00a0vyvozen\u00ed definitivn\u00edho z\u00e1v\u011bru\u00a0\u2013 i k\u00a0podobn\u00fdm shod\u00e1m n\u00e1hod p\u0159ece v\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed. Otec univerzitn\u00ed profesor, doktor jazykov\u00fdch v\u011bd, syn rovn\u011b\u017e filolog, nicm\u00e9n\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0bratrem dostanou na trh soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt v\u00a0roce, kdy dostuduj\u00ed vysokou \u0161kolu. Za bratry nikdo nep\u0159ijde, jejich byznys nechaj\u00ed na pokoji. Durovovi si dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta v\u00a0klidu pronaj\u00edmaj\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 v\u00a0Zingerov\u011b dom\u011b na N\u011bvsk\u00e9m prospektu (tato budova je mimochodem ve vlastnictv\u00ed st\u00e1tu), jimi vedenou VKontakt\u011b nechaj\u00ed vyr\u016fst v\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 na rusk\u00e9m internetu. S\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee VKontakt\u011b byla zalo\u017eena jako spole\u010dnost s\u00a0ru\u010den\u00edm omezen\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0Rusku, nikoli v\u00a0cizin\u011b, jak to \u010dasto d\u011blaj\u00ed IT spole\u010dnosti, aby se ochr\u00e1nily p\u0159ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed zv\u016fl\u00ed a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nejhor\u0161\u00edho sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e mohly odej\u00edt do zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Na Durovovy v\u0161ak pr\u00fd nikdo nes\u00e1hl. Je to s\u00a0t\u011bmi bratry hodn\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, \u00fasp\u011bch je jejich druh\u00e9 jm\u00e9no a ani s\u00e1m \u010f\u00e1bel na n\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Investory do VKontakt\u011b byli shodou okolnost\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e vlivn\u00ed lid\u00e9: Michal Mirila\u0161vili (hern\u00ed byznys, Lukoil, styky s\u00a0mafi\u00ed) a jeho partner Lev Levijev.<\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00e1 sm\u016fla, nebo oby\u010dejn\u00e1 \u201ekonzerva\u201c?<\/h2>\n

Nyn\u00ed zpozorn\u011bme. V\u00a0roce 2013 se Durovov\u00fdm najednou \u201ep\u0159estane da\u0159it\u201c. Rodina Mirila\u0161viliov\u00fdch a Levijev prodaj\u00ed United Capital Partners sv\u00e9 akcie VKontakt\u011b, dohromady 48\u00a0%. V\u00a0lednu 2014 u\u017e s\u00e1m Pavel Durov prod\u00e1 sv\u00fdch 12\u00a0% Ivanu Tavrinovi, gener\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u0159editeli spole\u010dnosti MegaFon, kterou ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 Ali\u0161er Usmanov. Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee Ali\u0161er Usmanov, kter\u00fd se podle odhad\u016f z\u00a0roku 2017 stal p\u00e1t\u00fdm nejbohat\u0161\u00edm rusk\u00fdm podnikatelem, se ned\u00e1vno dostal do \u201ekremelsk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy\u201c Ministerstva financ\u00ed USA jako \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 bl\u00edzko k\u00a0Putinovi. Po t\u00e9to koupi Tavrin rychle prod\u00e1 sv\u016fj pod\u00edl spole\u010dnosti Mail.ru (op\u011bt Usmanov). Mail.ru tak z\u00edsk\u00e1 kontroln\u00ed 52% bal\u00edk akci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Dne 1.\u00a0dubna 2014 pod\u00e1 Pavel Durov p\u0159edstavenstvu v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f z\u00a0pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru. Ji\u017e 3.\u00a0dubna se v\u0161ak nech\u00e1 sly\u0161et, \u017ee \u0161lo jen o\u00a0apr\u00edlov\u00fd \u017eert. P\u0159edstavenstvo p\u0159esto 21.\u00a0dubna pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br s\u00a0 Durovem skute\u010dn\u011b rozv\u00e1\u017ee, co\u017e od\u016fvodn\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee svou v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f nikdy nevzal zp\u011bt. Durov za\u010dne najednou vyd\u00e1vat politick\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159edt\u00edm nikdy ned\u011blal, a sice \u017ee d\u016fvodem jeho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bylo odm\u00edtnut\u00ed p\u0159edat FSB osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje \u010dlen\u016f skupiny Euromajdan. Pavel \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee VKontakt\u011b zcela ovl\u00e1dli nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed Putinovi spolupracovn\u00edci, koup\u00ed si ob\u010danstv\u00ed ostrovn\u00edho st\u00e1tu Svat\u00fd Kry\u0161tof a Nevis za 250.000\u00a0USD investic a odejde do ciziny. 16.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014 Mail.ru Group vykoup\u00ed 48\u00a0% od United Capital Partners a st\u00e1ne se jedin\u00fdm vlastn\u00edkem soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b VKontakt\u011b.<\/p>\n

A te\u010f nast\u00e1v\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 chv\u00edle pro n\u00e1vrat k\u00a0Telegramu, kter\u00fd, jak si jist\u011b pamatujeme, Durov uvedl na trh v\u00a0roce 2013, tedy 8\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159ed sv\u00fdm odchodem z\u00a0VKontakt\u011b. Ve chv\u00edli tohoto \u201edobrovoln\u00e9ho\u201c vyhazovu Durov zru\u010dn\u011b hraje na soucit u\u017eivatel\u016f. Dnes je z\u00a0n\u011bj opozi\u010dn\u00edk, kter\u00fd \u201eupadl v\u00a0nemilost\u201c, Putinova ob\u011b\u0165, mlad\u00fd, chytr\u00fd a pokrokov\u00fd podnikatel, kter\u00e9ho v\u00a0Rusku nenechali na pokoji a te\u010f se mus\u00ed protloukat v\u00a0exilu.<\/p>\n

Skand\u00e1l pouze zvy\u0161uje popularitu aplikace. Z\u00a0Telegramu se st\u00e1v\u00e1 jedna z\u00a0nejrychleji rostouc\u00edch komunika\u010dn\u00edch platforem a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0firmou ji\u017e nikoho nezaj\u00edmaj\u00ed. \u201eKdo dok\u00e1\u017ee ochr\u00e1nit l\u00e9pe ne\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd se mus\u00ed chr\u00e1nit s\u00e1m?! Na Durova tla\u010d\u00ed Putin, proto je hrdina a br\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161e hodnoty\u201c. Je tomu v\u0161ak skute\u010dn\u011b tak?<\/p>\n

Kompletn\u00ed seznam investor\u016f nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m, nicm\u00e9n\u011b…<\/h2>\n

Skute\u010dnost je takov\u00e1, \u017ee Telegram v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b z\u00edskal 1,7\u00a0miliard USD na investic\u00edch, kompletn\u00ed seznam investor\u016f v\u0161ak nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m. Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b na webu Komise USA pro cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry jsou k\u00a0dispozici dva formul\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e9 Durov vyplnil, z\u00a0nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd zn\u00ed za 850.000.000\u00a0USD (prvn\u00ed formul\u00e1\u0159<\/a>, druh\u00fd formul\u00e1\u0159<\/a>). Obsahuj\u00ed informace o\u00a0dvou spole\u010dnostech: TON Issuer\u00a0Inc. a Telegram Group\u00a0Inc. (zaps\u00e1ny na Panensk\u00fdch ostrovech). Oba formul\u00e1\u0159e byly vypln\u011bny kv\u016fli \u201ev\u00fdvoji TON Blockchain, v\u00fdvoji a podpo\u0159e messengeru Telegram\u201c. Jeden z\u00a0nich obsahuje informace o\u00a081, druh\u00fd o\u00a094\u00a0investorech, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159istoupili na n\u00e1kup token-akci\u00ed. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee formul\u00e1\u0159e obsahuj\u00ed \u00fadaje jen o\u00a0po\u010dtu investor\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed informace o\u00a0nich se nezve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed, mus\u00ed se ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech jednat o\u00a0tzv. akreditovan\u00e9 investory, tedy osoby, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0posledn\u00edch dvou letech dos\u00e1hly ro\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu p\u0159es 200.000\u00a0USD nebo vlastn\u00ed majetek v\u00a0hodnot\u011b p\u0159es 1.000.000\u00a0USD (nad r\u00e1mec hodnoty domu, kde bydl\u00ed).<\/p>\n

<\/a>Odborn\u00edci \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee tokeny Gram (blockchainov\u00e1 platforma Telegram Open Network) jsou jen pro vyvolen\u00e9, tedy ty, kdo chce hned v\u00a0\u00favodu investovat minim\u00e1ln\u011b p\u016flmilion dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed Durovovi investo\u0159i se nijak moc neschov\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na je d\u016fv\u011brn\u011b zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee do Telegramu investovali prost\u0159edky podnikatel\u00e9 jako je Sergej Solonin (spoluzakladatel Qiwi), David Jakoba\u0161vili (spoluzakladatel Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods) nebo zn\u00e1m\u00fd rusk\u00fd podnikatel Roman Abramovi\u010d, kter\u00fd dostal nab\u00eddku k\u00a0\u00fa\u010dasti na financov\u00e1n\u00ed projektu jako prvn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Pr\u00e1v\u011b Romanu Abramovi\u010dovi se mus\u00edme v\u011bnovat podrobn\u011bji, proto\u017ee \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i ji\u017e patrn\u011b pozapomn\u011bli na n\u011bkter\u00e1 zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 fakta v\u00a0jeho \u017eivotopise. Tento rusk\u00fd miliard\u00e1\u0159 byl nap\u0159. v\u00a0letech 2000 a\u017e 2008 gubern\u00e1torem \u010cukotky a v\u00a0letech 2008 a\u017e 2013 p\u0159edsedou Dumy \u010cukotsk\u00e9ho autonomn\u00edho okruhu. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 funkce jsou v\u0161ak jen drobnosti v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0neform\u00e1ln\u00edmi styky tohoto velkopodnikatele. Abramovi\u010d m\u011bl velmi \u00fazk\u00e9 vazby na prezidenta Jelcina a byl to pr\u00e1v\u011b on, kdo jako prvn\u00ed doporu\u010dil Jelcinovi Putina jako jeho n\u00e1stupce v\u00a0\u00fa\u0159ad\u011b prezidenta RF. V\u00a0roce 1999, kdy Jelcin u\u017e dosadil Putina do premi\u00e9rsk\u00e9ho k\u0159esla, byl to pr\u00e1v\u011b Abramovi\u010d, kdo provedl pohovor s\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdm uchaze\u010dem o\u00a0funkci ministra v\u00a0Putinov\u011b vl\u00e1d\u011b. Kdy\u017e Putin v\u00a0roce 2007 hledal \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd ho m\u011bl do\u010dasn\u011b zastoupit v\u00a0prezidentsk\u00e9m \u00fa\u0159ad\u011b, pr\u00e1v\u011b Abramovi\u010d mu doporu\u010dil Medv\u011bd\u011bva jako nejlep\u0161\u00ed volbu. Tak\u017ee nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee Abramovi\u010d z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Putinov\u00fdm d\u016fv\u011brn\u00edkem. Tuto skute\u010dnost potvrzuje tak\u00e9 seznam obsa\u017een\u00fd v\u00a0ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u201ekremelsk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b\u201c Ministerstva financ\u00ed USA, kam byl za\u0159azen i Abramovi\u010d.<\/p>\n

\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd novi\u010dok a zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pravidla pro protesty<\/h2>\n

Je mimochodem zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, \u017ee \u201eopozi\u010dn\u00edk\u201c Durov nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 obavy o\u00a0sv\u016fj \u017eivot. V\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed ho nikdo nehon\u00ed s\u00a0novi\u010dokem nebo poloniov\u00fdm \u010dajem, nesd\u00edlel osud Berezovsk\u00e9ho ani Lesina. Durov kamar\u00e1d\u00ed s\u00a0Abramovi\u010dem, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed mezi Putinovy pen\u011b\u017eenky, a usm\u00edv\u00e1 se na kamery. A \u00fadajn\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky, \u017ee FSB nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de k\u00a0Telegramu, jsou pouh\u00fdm tvrzen\u00edm samotn\u00e9ho Durova.<\/p>\n

Nakonec zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 t\u0159e\u0161ni\u010dka na dortu. Kdy\u017e se v\u00a0prosinci a lednu konaly masov\u00e9 protesty v\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nu, byl Telegram hlavn\u00edm prost\u0159edkem pro koordinace protestn\u00edch akc\u00ed. P\u0159esto Telegram blokoval n\u011bkter\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly s\u00a0od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee obsahovaly v\u00fdzvy k\u00a0n\u00e1siln\u00fdm protest\u016fm proti \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu re\u017eimu. Prost\u011b pravidla Telegramu a hotovo.<\/p>\n

Co je tedy Telegram: chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd messenger opozi\u010dn\u00edka Durova, nebo p\u0159ece jen dal\u0161\u00ed shnil\u00fd rusk\u00fd bonbon, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0hezk\u00e9m obalu podstr\u010dit Z\u00e1padu?<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bry si vyvo\u010fte sami<\/h2>\n

Dokud v\u0161ak na Ukrajin\u011b trv\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a ka\u017ed\u00e1 chyba m\u016f\u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u011b st\u00e1t \u017eivot, bude lep\u0161\u00ed se vyhnout jak\u00fdmkoli softwarov\u00fdm produkt\u016fm, kter\u00e9 vyv\u00edjej\u00ed Rusov\u00e9. Jen pro jistotu.<\/p>\n

\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek zpracovala Christina Dobrovolska<\/a> speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro InformNapalm
\n(Creative Commons \u2014 Attribution 4.0 International \u2014 CC BY 4.0<\/a>)<\/h5>\n
Klikn\u011bte na \u201eSd\u00edlet\u201c a pod\u011blte se s\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1teli.
\nSta\u0148te se fanou\u0161kem str\u00e1nky InformNapalm \u010cesko<\/a> na Facebooku a nechte se pohotov\u011b informovat o\u00a0nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b.<\/h5>\n
\n

P\u0159eklad: Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ji\u017e t\u00fdden neutuch\u00e1 rozruch kolem messengeru Telegram, kter\u00fd se v\u00a0Rusku dostal na bloka\u010dn\u00ed seznam \u00fa\u0159adu Roskomnadzor vykon\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":4242,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4245,516,754],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-blog","category-all-news","category-spolecnost-all-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTelegram: co za to? 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Ji\u017e v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 2017 za\u010dala rusk\u00e1 FSB po managementu Telegramu cht\u00edt, aby j\u00ed poskytl \u0161ifrovac\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de pro zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 korespondence u\u017eivatel\u016f na messengeru. 30.\u00a0srpna 2017 Telegram poskytnout tyto kl\u00ed\u010de ofici\u00e1ln\u011b odm\u00edtl, na co\u017e Roskomnadzor reagoval soudn\u00ed \u017ealobou. 13.\u00a0dubna 2018 obvodn\u00ed soud Taganskij v\u00a0Moskv\u011b \u017ealob\u011b Roskomnadzoru vyhov\u011bl a rozsudkem ulo\u017eil, \u017ee kv\u016fli neposkytnut\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f pro de\u0161ifraci u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v bude p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0messengeru Telegram z\u00a0Ruska omezen.<!--more-->\r\n<h2>Opozi\u010dn\u00ed hr\u00e1tky s\u00a0Kremlem<\/h2>\r\nDnem 16.\u00a0kv\u011btna Roskomnadzor zapo\u010dal s\u00a0blokac\u00ed tohoto messengeru na rusk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, za uplynulou dobu v\u0161ak v\u00a0tom nijak v\u00fdznamn\u011b nepokro\u010dil. Obliba Telegramu naopak jen stoupla. Ru\u0161t\u00ed opozi\u010dn\u00edci vychvaluj\u00ed nepotopiteln\u00fd Telegram do nebes, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0l\u00eddr\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed dokonce za\u0161li tak daleko, \u017ee prorokuj\u00ed zakladateli Telegramu Pavlu Durovovi prezidentsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad v\u00a0Kremlu. K\u00a0t\u011bmto schvaluj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdk\u0159ik\u016fm se p\u0159idalo i mnoho ukrajinsk\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f internetu a bloger\u016f. Obliba Pavla Durova a Telegramu se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na novou \u00farove\u0148 d\u00edky st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu podporovatel\u016f. Je v\u0161ak tento messenger tak bezpe\u010dn\u00fd, jak se tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, a je s\u00e1m Durov v\u016f\u010di Kremlu a\u017e tolik opozi\u010dn\u00ed?\r\n\r\nNa \u00favod je na m\u00edst\u011b p\u0159ipomenout, kde a kdy se vzal Telegram. Pov\u011bst (roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 samotn\u00fdm Pavlem Durovem) prav\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1pad vytvo\u0159it chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd messenger Pavel dostal v\u00a0den, kdy jeho byt v\u00a0roce 2011 nav\u0161t\u00edvil \u00fatvar rychl\u00e9ho nasazen\u00ed. Kdy\u017e zasahuj\u00edc\u00ed t\u011b\u017ekood\u011bnci kone\u010dn\u011b ode\u0161li, Pavel se pokusil napsat sv\u00e9mu star\u0161\u00edmu bratrovi Nikolaji a do\u0161lo mu, \u017ee pro tak nouzov\u00e9 situace nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1l. Dva roky po tomto incidentu se na trh dostal Telegram zalo\u017een\u00fd na kryptografick\u00e9m protokolu MTProto, kter\u00fd vyvinul s\u00e1m Durov.\r\n\r\nStejn\u011b tak Nikolaj Durov, talentovan\u00fd matematik a program\u00e1tor, p\u0159ed lety vynalo\u017eil mnoho \u00fasil\u00ed pro vznik soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b VKontakt\u011b. Pavel a Nikolaj jsou dva brat\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed zalo\u017eili dva monstr\u00f3zn\u00ed IT projekty, vyrostli z\u00a0ni\u010deho ve velkopodnikatele s\u00a0milionov\u00fdmi zisky, stali se jak\u00fdmsi \u017eivouc\u00edm zhmotn\u011bn\u00edm americk\u00e9ho snu. Mohli bychom si \u0159\u00edct: copak tady nehraje?\r\n\r\n\u017de Durovovi mohli b\u00fdt talentovan\u00fdmi program\u00e1tory a v\u00a0dnes u\u017e vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m roce 2006 uv\u00e9st na trh VKontakt\u011b, je zcela re\u00e1ln\u00e9. \u017de by jim v\u0161ak dovolili takto vyr\u016fst a umo\u017enili tak velk\u00fd projekt i nad\u00e1le v\u00a0klidu \u0159\u00eddit, to v\u0161ak jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed. M\u00e1me-li b\u00fdt p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u0161lo by to kdekoli jinde, jen ne v\u00a0Rusku. Pro rusk\u00fd byznys plat\u00ed, \u017ee jakmile se firma jak\u017etak\u017e zviditeln\u00ed a za\u010dne vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stky, hned ji nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed \u201ehost\u00e9\u201c. Po t\u00e9to n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b mus\u00ed firma m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b odv\u00e1d\u011bt jist\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed pod\u00edl mocensk\u00fdm struktur\u00e1m a nav\u00edc samoz\u0159ejm\u011b spolupracovat s\u00a0organizacemi jako je FSB. Odm\u00edtnout nelze: bu\u010f podnik\u00e1te v\u00a0Rusku a spolupracujete, nebo opust\u00edte v\u0161e, co jste vybudovali, a odejdete do zahrani\u010d\u00ed, abyste mohli podnikat podle poctiv\u00fdch a transparentn\u00edch pravidel hry. S\u00a0ve\u0161kerou \u00factou tak nelze br\u00e1t v\u00e1\u017en\u011b pov\u00edda\u010dky Pavla Durova o\u00a0\u00fadajn\u00e9 pln\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti VKontakt\u011b a pln\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti Telegramu. To v\u00a0Putinov\u011b Rusku prost\u011b nejde.\r\n<h2>Specializace na propagandu a psychologickou v\u00e1lku<\/h2>\r\nAni \u017eivotopis samotn\u00e9ho Durova v\u0161ak nen\u00ed tak jednoduch\u00fd, jak b\u00fdv\u00e1 vykreslov\u00e1n v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch. Sta\u010d\u00ed t\u0159eba, \u017ee Pavel vystudoval Petrohradskou st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzitu v\u00a0oboru anglick\u00e1 filologie a p\u0159ekladatelstv\u00ed. Je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, \u017ee nikoli programov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo aplikovanou matematiku, ale to je\u0161t\u011b nevad\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b se p\u0159ece stane, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk dos\u00e1hne \u00fasp\u011bchu v\u00a0n\u011b\u010dem jin\u00e9m, ne\u017e vystudoval. Nechyb\u00ed ani dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmavost: rok p\u0159ed dokon\u010den\u00edm studia (co\u017e se \u010dasov\u011b shoduje s\u00a0rokem, kdy byla VKontak\u011b uvedena na trh) dokon\u010dil Pavel odbornou v\u00fdchovu na fakult\u011b vojensk\u00fdch studi\u00ed v\u00a0oboru propaganda a psychologick\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. Ani tato skute\u010dnost v\u0161ak neoprav\u0148uje k\u00a0vyvozen\u00ed definitivn\u00edho z\u00e1v\u011bru\u00a0\u2013 i k\u00a0podobn\u00fdm shod\u00e1m n\u00e1hod p\u0159ece v\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed. Otec univerzitn\u00ed profesor, doktor jazykov\u00fdch v\u011bd, syn rovn\u011b\u017e filolog, nicm\u00e9n\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0bratrem dostanou na trh soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt v\u00a0roce, kdy dostuduj\u00ed vysokou \u0161kolu. Za bratry nikdo nep\u0159ijde, jejich byznys nechaj\u00ed na pokoji. Durovovi si dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta v\u00a0klidu pronaj\u00edmaj\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 v\u00a0Zingerov\u011b dom\u011b na N\u011bvsk\u00e9m prospektu (tato budova je mimochodem ve vlastnictv\u00ed st\u00e1tu), jimi vedenou VKontakt\u011b nechaj\u00ed vyr\u016fst v\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 na rusk\u00e9m internetu. S\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee VKontakt\u011b byla zalo\u017eena jako spole\u010dnost s\u00a0ru\u010den\u00edm omezen\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0Rusku, nikoli v\u00a0cizin\u011b, jak to \u010dasto d\u011blaj\u00ed IT spole\u010dnosti, aby se ochr\u00e1nily p\u0159ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed zv\u016fl\u00ed a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nejhor\u0161\u00edho sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e mohly odej\u00edt do zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Na Durovovy v\u0161ak pr\u00fd nikdo nes\u00e1hl. Je to s\u00a0t\u011bmi bratry hodn\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, \u00fasp\u011bch je jejich druh\u00e9 jm\u00e9no a ani s\u00e1m \u010f\u00e1bel na n\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee.\r\n\r\nInvestory do VKontakt\u011b byli shodou okolnost\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e vlivn\u00ed lid\u00e9: Michal Mirila\u0161vili (hern\u00ed byznys, Lukoil, styky s\u00a0mafi\u00ed) a jeho partner Lev Levijev.\r\n<h2>Skute\u010dn\u00e1 sm\u016fla, nebo oby\u010dejn\u00e1 \u201ekonzerva\u201c?<\/h2>\r\nNyn\u00ed zpozorn\u011bme. V\u00a0roce 2013 se Durovov\u00fdm najednou \u201ep\u0159estane da\u0159it\u201c. Rodina Mirila\u0161viliov\u00fdch a Levijev prodaj\u00ed United Capital Partners sv\u00e9 akcie VKontakt\u011b, dohromady 48\u00a0%. V\u00a0lednu 2014 u\u017e s\u00e1m Pavel Durov prod\u00e1 sv\u00fdch 12\u00a0% Ivanu Tavrinovi, gener\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u0159editeli spole\u010dnosti MegaFon, kterou ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 Ali\u0161er Usmanov. Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee Ali\u0161er Usmanov, kter\u00fd se podle odhad\u016f z\u00a0roku 2017 stal p\u00e1t\u00fdm nejbohat\u0161\u00edm rusk\u00fdm podnikatelem, se ned\u00e1vno dostal do \u201ekremelsk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy\u201c Ministerstva financ\u00ed USA jako \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 bl\u00edzko k\u00a0Putinovi. Po t\u00e9to koupi Tavrin rychle prod\u00e1 sv\u016fj pod\u00edl spole\u010dnosti Mail.ru (op\u011bt Usmanov). Mail.ru tak z\u00edsk\u00e1 kontroln\u00ed 52% bal\u00edk akci\u00ed.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2018\/04\/20180204230424483.jpg\"><img class=\"alignleft \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2018\/04\/20180204230424483.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"174\" \/><\/a>Dne 1.\u00a0dubna 2014 pod\u00e1 Pavel Durov p\u0159edstavenstvu v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f z\u00a0pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru. Ji\u017e 3.\u00a0dubna se v\u0161ak nech\u00e1 sly\u0161et, \u017ee \u0161lo jen o\u00a0apr\u00edlov\u00fd \u017eert. P\u0159edstavenstvo p\u0159esto 21.\u00a0dubna pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br s\u00a0 Durovem skute\u010dn\u011b rozv\u00e1\u017ee, co\u017e od\u016fvodn\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee svou v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f nikdy nevzal zp\u011bt. Durov za\u010dne najednou vyd\u00e1vat politick\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159edt\u00edm nikdy ned\u011blal, a sice \u017ee d\u016fvodem jeho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bylo odm\u00edtnut\u00ed p\u0159edat FSB osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje \u010dlen\u016f skupiny Euromajdan. Pavel \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee VKontakt\u011b zcela ovl\u00e1dli nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed Putinovi spolupracovn\u00edci, koup\u00ed si ob\u010danstv\u00ed ostrovn\u00edho st\u00e1tu Svat\u00fd Kry\u0161tof a Nevis za 250.000\u00a0USD investic a odejde do ciziny. 16.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014 Mail.ru Group vykoup\u00ed 48\u00a0% od United Capital Partners a st\u00e1ne se jedin\u00fdm vlastn\u00edkem soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b VKontakt\u011b.\r\n\r\nA te\u010f nast\u00e1v\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 chv\u00edle pro n\u00e1vrat k\u00a0Telegramu, kter\u00fd, jak si jist\u011b pamatujeme, Durov uvedl na trh v\u00a0roce 2013, tedy 8\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159ed sv\u00fdm odchodem z\u00a0VKontakt\u011b. Ve chv\u00edli tohoto \u201edobrovoln\u00e9ho\u201c vyhazovu Durov zru\u010dn\u011b hraje na soucit u\u017eivatel\u016f. Dnes je z\u00a0n\u011bj opozi\u010dn\u00edk, kter\u00fd \u201eupadl v\u00a0nemilost\u201c, Putinova ob\u011b\u0165, mlad\u00fd, chytr\u00fd a pokrokov\u00fd podnikatel, kter\u00e9ho v\u00a0Rusku nenechali na pokoji a te\u010f se mus\u00ed protloukat v\u00a0exilu.\r\n\r\nSkand\u00e1l pouze zvy\u0161uje popularitu aplikace. Z\u00a0Telegramu se st\u00e1v\u00e1 jedna z\u00a0nejrychleji rostouc\u00edch komunika\u010dn\u00edch platforem a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0firmou ji\u017e nikoho nezaj\u00edmaj\u00ed. \u201eKdo dok\u00e1\u017ee ochr\u00e1nit l\u00e9pe ne\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd se mus\u00ed chr\u00e1nit s\u00e1m?! Na Durova tla\u010d\u00ed Putin, proto je hrdina a br\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161e hodnoty\u201c. Je tomu v\u0161ak skute\u010dn\u011b tak?\r\n<h2>Kompletn\u00ed seznam investor\u016f nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m, nicm\u00e9n\u011b...<\/h2>\r\nSkute\u010dnost je takov\u00e1, \u017ee Telegram v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b z\u00edskal 1,7\u00a0miliard USD na investic\u00edch, kompletn\u00ed seznam investor\u016f v\u0161ak nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m. Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b na webu Komise USA pro cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry jsou k\u00a0dispozici dva formul\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e9 Durov vyplnil, z\u00a0nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd zn\u00ed za 850.000.000\u00a0USD <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/data\/1729650\/000095017218000030\/xslFormDX01\/primary_doc.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(prvn\u00ed formul\u00e1\u0159<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/data\/1729650\/000095017218000060\/xslFormDX01\/primary_doc.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">druh\u00fd formul\u00e1\u0159<\/a>). Obsahuj\u00ed informace o\u00a0dvou spole\u010dnostech: TON Issuer\u00a0Inc. a Telegram Group\u00a0Inc. (zaps\u00e1ny na Panensk\u00fdch ostrovech). Oba formul\u00e1\u0159e byly vypln\u011bny kv\u016fli \u201ev\u00fdvoji TON Blockchain, v\u00fdvoji a podpo\u0159e messengeru Telegram\u201c. Jeden z\u00a0nich obsahuje informace o\u00a081, druh\u00fd o\u00a094\u00a0investorech, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159istoupili na n\u00e1kup token-akci\u00ed. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee formul\u00e1\u0159e obsahuj\u00ed \u00fadaje jen o\u00a0po\u010dtu investor\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed informace o\u00a0nich se nezve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed, mus\u00ed se ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech jednat o\u00a0tzv. akreditovan\u00e9 investory, tedy osoby, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0posledn\u00edch dvou letech dos\u00e1hly ro\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu p\u0159es 200.000\u00a0USD nebo vlastn\u00ed majetek v\u00a0hodnot\u011b p\u0159es 1.000.000\u00a0USD (nad r\u00e1mec hodnoty domu, kde bydl\u00ed).\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2018\/04\/037.jpg\"><img class=\"alignleft \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2018\/04\/037.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" \/><\/a>Odborn\u00edci \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee tokeny Gram (blockchainov\u00e1 platforma Telegram Open Network) jsou jen pro vyvolen\u00e9, tedy ty, kdo chce hned v\u00a0\u00favodu investovat minim\u00e1ln\u011b p\u016flmilion dolar\u016f.\r\n\r\nNicm\u00e9n\u011b n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed Durovovi investo\u0159i se nijak moc neschov\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na je d\u016fv\u011brn\u011b zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee do Telegramu investovali prost\u0159edky podnikatel\u00e9 jako je Sergej Solonin (spoluzakladatel Qiwi), David Jakoba\u0161vili (spoluzakladatel Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods) nebo zn\u00e1m\u00fd rusk\u00fd podnikatel Roman Abramovi\u010d, kter\u00fd dostal nab\u00eddku k\u00a0\u00fa\u010dasti na financov\u00e1n\u00ed projektu jako prvn\u00ed.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2018\/04\/17_02_abramovich.gif\"><img class=\"alignleft \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2018\/04\/17_02_abramovich.gif\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" \/><\/a>Pr\u00e1v\u011b Romanu Abramovi\u010dovi se mus\u00edme v\u011bnovat podrobn\u011bji, proto\u017ee \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i ji\u017e patrn\u011b pozapomn\u011bli na n\u011bkter\u00e1 zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 fakta v\u00a0jeho \u017eivotopise. Tento rusk\u00fd miliard\u00e1\u0159 byl nap\u0159. v\u00a0letech 2000 a\u017e 2008 gubern\u00e1torem \u010cukotky a v\u00a0letech 2008 a\u017e 2013 p\u0159edsedou Dumy \u010cukotsk\u00e9ho autonomn\u00edho okruhu. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 funkce jsou v\u0161ak jen drobnosti v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0neform\u00e1ln\u00edmi styky tohoto velkopodnikatele. Abramovi\u010d m\u011bl velmi \u00fazk\u00e9 vazby na prezidenta Jelcina a byl to pr\u00e1v\u011b on, kdo jako prvn\u00ed doporu\u010dil Jelcinovi Putina jako jeho n\u00e1stupce v\u00a0\u00fa\u0159ad\u011b prezidenta RF. V\u00a0roce 1999, kdy Jelcin u\u017e dosadil Putina do premi\u00e9rsk\u00e9ho k\u0159esla, byl to pr\u00e1v\u011b Abramovi\u010d, kdo provedl pohovor s\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdm uchaze\u010dem o\u00a0funkci ministra v\u00a0Putinov\u011b vl\u00e1d\u011b. Kdy\u017e Putin v\u00a0roce 2007 hledal \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd ho m\u011bl do\u010dasn\u011b zastoupit v\u00a0prezidentsk\u00e9m \u00fa\u0159ad\u011b, pr\u00e1v\u011b Abramovi\u010d mu doporu\u010dil Medv\u011bd\u011bva jako nejlep\u0161\u00ed volbu. Tak\u017ee nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee Abramovi\u010d z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Putinov\u00fdm d\u016fv\u011brn\u00edkem. Tuto skute\u010dnost potvrzuje tak\u00e9 seznam obsa\u017een\u00fd v\u00a0ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u201ekremelsk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b\u201c Ministerstva financ\u00ed USA, kam byl za\u0159azen i Abramovi\u010d.\r\n<h2>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd novi\u010dok a zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pravidla pro protesty<\/h2>\r\nJe mimochodem zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, \u017ee \u201eopozi\u010dn\u00edk\u201c Durov nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 obavy o\u00a0sv\u016fj \u017eivot. V\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed ho nikdo nehon\u00ed s\u00a0novi\u010dokem nebo poloniov\u00fdm \u010dajem, nesd\u00edlel osud Berezovsk\u00e9ho ani Lesina. Durov kamar\u00e1d\u00ed s\u00a0Abramovi\u010dem, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed mezi Putinovy pen\u011b\u017eenky, a usm\u00edv\u00e1 se na kamery. A \u00fadajn\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky, \u017ee FSB nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de k\u00a0Telegramu, jsou pouh\u00fdm tvrzen\u00edm samotn\u00e9ho Durova.\r\n\r\nNakonec zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 t\u0159e\u0161ni\u010dka na dortu. Kdy\u017e se v\u00a0prosinci a lednu konaly masov\u00e9 protesty v\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nu, byl Telegram hlavn\u00edm prost\u0159edkem pro koordinace protestn\u00edch akc\u00ed. P\u0159esto Telegram blokoval n\u011bkter\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly s\u00a0od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee obsahovaly v\u00fdzvy k\u00a0n\u00e1siln\u00fdm protest\u016fm proti \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu re\u017eimu. Prost\u011b pravidla Telegramu a hotovo.\r\n\r\nCo je tedy Telegram: chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd messenger opozi\u010dn\u00edka Durova, nebo p\u0159ece jen dal\u0161\u00ed shnil\u00fd rusk\u00fd bonbon, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0hezk\u00e9m obalu podstr\u010dit Z\u00e1padu?\r\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011bry si vyvo\u010fte sami<\/h2>\r\nDokud v\u0161ak na Ukrajin\u011b trv\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a ka\u017ed\u00e1 chyba m\u016f\u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u011b st\u00e1t \u017eivot, bude lep\u0161\u00ed se vyhnout jak\u00fdmkoli softwarov\u00fdm produkt\u016fm, kter\u00e9 vyv\u00edjej\u00ed Rusov\u00e9. Jen pro jistotu.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\"><img class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/12\/InformNapalm_logo_05.png\" width=\"114\" height=\"50\" \/>Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek zpracovala <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/christina.dobrovolska?hc_ref=ARSiPP96gWZBi7j7fUCIbmI1HkHN16jdLmfqlAnGrIOJ081fBbNuQeC42NeOdquOjMk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christina Dobrovolska<\/a> speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro InformNapalm\r\n(<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Creative Commons \u2014 Attribution 4.0 International \u2014 CC BY 4.0<\/a>)<\/h5>\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\">Klikn\u011bte na \u201eSd\u00edlet\u201c a pod\u011blte se s\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1teli.\r\nSta\u0148te se fanou\u0161kem str\u00e1nky <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/informnapalmcesko\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InformNapalm \u010cesko<\/a> na Facebooku a nechte se pohotov\u011b informovat o\u00a0nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b.<\/h5>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nP\u0159eklad: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scyhol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4241"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4244,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4241\/revisions\/4244"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}