{"id":4998,"date":"2018-07-20T20:45:43","date_gmt":"2018-07-20T20:45:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=4998"},"modified":"2018-07-24T20:53:48","modified_gmt":"2018-07-24T20:53:48","slug":"krymsky-most-dneperska-voda-a-chyba-kartografa-ritticha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/krymsky-most-dneperska-voda-a-chyba-kartografa-ritticha\/","title":{"rendered":"Krymsk\u00fd most, dn\u011bpersk\u00e1 voda a chyba kartografa Ritticha"},"content":{"rendered":"

Boj o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstup ke zdroj\u016fm a komunikac\u00edm<\/h2>\n

Rusk\u00e1 okupace Krymu a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 konfrontace mezi Moskvou a Kyjevem uk\u00e1zaly, jak velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam m\u011bly a st\u00e1le maj\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed linie a infrastrukturn\u00ed objekty, kter\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed tento poloostrov s\u00a0\u201epevninou\u201c a \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e s\u00a0Azovsk\u00fdm. Vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost stran n\u011bkdy brzd\u00ed, n\u011bkdy naopak slou\u017e\u00ed jako hnac\u00ed motor konfliktu.<\/p>\n

Na okupaci Ukrajina zareagovala izolac\u00ed (ot\u00e1zku iniciativy a efektivity st\u00e1tu v\u00a0t\u00e9to v\u011bci tentokr\u00e1t nechme stranou). Vy\u0161lo najevo, \u017ee Krym nen\u00ed sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00fd po energetick\u00e9, komoditn\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch. Okupant musel opo\u017ed\u011bn\u011b a za cenu vysok\u00fdch re\u017eijn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f nahrazovat nedostatek v\u0161eho mo\u017en\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Pot\u0159eba, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ed RF vyvstala, a sice zajistit stabiln\u00ed spojen\u00ed s\u00a0anektovan\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm, vytvo\u0159ila pro Ukrajinu v\u00fdznamn\u00fd rizikov\u00fd faktor na pozad\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed v\u00e1lky na Donbasu. V\u00a0letech 2014 a\u017e 2015 nebylo konce popla\u0161n\u00fdm progn\u00f3z\u00e1m ohledn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 operace rusko-teroristick\u00fdch vojsk s\u00a0\u00famyslem vytvo\u0159it \u201epozemn\u00ed koridor\u201c mezi okupovan\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm na Donbasu a Krymem. K\u00a0tomu Moskva disponovala dost velk\u00fdmi s\u00edlami: 1.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00edm sborem \u201eDLR\u201c ve sm\u011bru Mariupol, skupinou Ozbrojen\u00fdch sil RF na Krymu, \u010cernomo\u0159skou flotilou a Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pohrani\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby FSB na Azovsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i.<\/p>\n

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Jedna z\u00a0variant v\u00fdvoje od analytika ze Stratfor, 2015<\/em><\/p>\n

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Jak se zd\u00e1lo, vyhl\u00eddka na dostavbu Ruskem tzv. Krymsk\u00e9ho mostu p\u0159ed Ker\u010dsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv sn\u00ed\u017eila nap\u011bt\u00ed a pravd\u011bpodobnost rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch boj\u016f na severn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Tento most uveden\u00fd do provozu 15.\u00a0kv\u011btna leto\u0161n\u00edho roku v\u0161ak zp\u016fsobil probl\u00e9my nov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Za prv\u00e9 Ker\u010dsk\u00fdm pr\u016flivem ji\u017e nemohou proplout lod\u011b vysok\u00e9 p\u0159es 33\u00a0metr\u016f. Neumo\u017e\u0148uje to v\u00fd\u0161ka mostn\u00edch oblouk\u016f. T\u00edm se najednou sn\u00ed\u017eil po\u010det typ\u016f a \u010detnost obchodn\u00edch plavidel, kter\u00e1 kotvila v\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstavech na Azovu (z\u00a0nich\u017e nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jsou Mariupol a Ber\u010fansk). V\u00fd\u0161ka n\u011bkter\u00fdch plavidel toti\u017e p\u0159esahovala 40\u00a0metr\u016f nad hladinou. Rusk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy na Azovsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i tyto lod\u011b nikdy nep\u0159ij\u00edmaly, proto je omezen\u00ed nijak nezas\u00e1hlo.<\/p>\n

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Oblouky Krymsk\u00e9ho mostu pro pr\u016fjezd plavidel<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Za druh\u00e9, pod z\u00e1minkou zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 ochrany mostu p\u0159ed \u201eukrajinsk\u00fdmi z\u00e1\u0161kodn\u00edky\u201c Rusov\u00e9 zt\u00ed\u017eili re\u017eim tranzitu p\u0159es Ker\u010dsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv i pro ostatn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed plavidla m\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do ukrajinsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f. Uzav\u0159\u00edt Ukrajin\u011b n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravu \u00fapln\u011b se Moskva zat\u00edm neodva\u017euje. I kdyby toti\u017e Kreml zcela ignoroval dosud platnou ukrajinsko-ruskou smlouvu o\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e a Ker\u010dsk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu (2003), st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b zb\u00fdv\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed pr\u00e1vo, kter\u00e9 deklaruje svobodn\u00e9 proplouv\u00e1n\u00ed lod\u00ed p\u0159es pr\u016flivy. Zak\u00e1zat tedy nelze, ve h\u0159e je v\u0161ak mo\u017enost zkomplikovat plavby tak, aby byly ztr\u00e1tov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Plavidla jsou na del\u0161\u00ed dobu (3 a\u017e 10\u00a0hodin) zadr\u017eov\u00e1na Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e\u00ed FSB za \u00fa\u010delem prohl\u00eddky a identifikace pos\u00e1dky. D\u011bje se to jak v\u00a0Ker\u010dsk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu, tak p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0Azovsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i (negativn\u00ed str\u00e1nkou dohody z\u00a0roku 2003 je chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed rozhrani\u010den\u00ed vodn\u00ed plochy). Nav\u00edc Rusov\u00e9 pravideln\u011b uzav\u00edraj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e kv\u016fli kon\u00e1n\u00ed cvi\u010dn\u00fdch st\u0159eleb. Novou metodou, jak rozb\u00edt komer\u010dn\u00ed plavebn\u00ed grafikony ukrajinsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f, se stalo um\u011bl\u00e9 zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed plavidel p\u0159ed proplut\u00edm pr\u016flivu. Po n\u011bkolik hodin, ba dokonce dn\u016f nejsou za\u0159azena do karavan, kter\u00e9 jsou organizovan\u011b vedeny Ker\u010d-Jenikalsk\u00fdm pr\u016fplavem (splavn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st Ker\u010dsk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu).<\/p>\n

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Andrij Klymenko, \u0161\u00e9fredaktor port\u00e1lu BlackSeaNews<\/a>, ukrajinsk\u00fd expert, kter\u00fd pravideln\u011b informuje o\u00a0situaci v\u00a0Azovsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i<\/em><\/p>\n

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Tato situace p\u016fsob\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. Lodn\u00ed grafikony se nedodr\u017euj\u00ed, objemy p\u0159epraven\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f klesaj\u00ed, v\u00fdhledov\u011b by mohli majitel\u00e9 spole\u010dnost\u00ed s\u00a0azovsk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstavy ukon\u010dit spolupr\u00e1ci \u00fapln\u011b. P\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00edho provozu do ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u010dernomo\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f by si vy\u017e\u00e1dalo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed logistick\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f a hroz\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fstem soci\u00e1ln\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159ifrontov\u00e9m P\u0159iazov\u00ed, kde p\u0159\u00edstavy Mariupol a Ber\u010fansk zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed \u017eivobyt\u00ed pro tis\u00edce m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel.<\/p>\n

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Infografika: N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav Mariupol. Zdroj<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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Na izolaci azovsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f komplikacemi v\u00a0Ker\u010dsk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu zareagovala ukrajinsk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost debatou o\u00a0mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdstavb\u011b \u010cernomo\u0159sko-Azovsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavu. Podle v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f by m\u011bl b\u00fdt cca 120\u00a0km dlouh\u00fd. I kdy\u017e realizace takto rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho infrastrukturn\u00edho projektu nen\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u011b na po\u0159adu dne, technicky to mo\u017en\u00e9 je.<\/p>\n

Potenci\u00e1ln\u011b by mohla Moskva vytv\u00e1\u0159et p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky i na tras\u00e1ch do ukrajinsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f na \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i (Od\u011bsa, Mykolajiv, Cherson). Jako zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed by mohla pou\u017e\u00edt \u201eochranu vodn\u00edch ploch\u201c mezi mysem Tarchankut na z\u00e1pad\u011b Krymu a ukrajinsk\u00fdm Zmij\u00edm ostrovem, kde Rusy p\u0159ivlastn\u011bn\u00e1<\/a> spole\u010dnost \u010cornomornaftohaz prov\u00e1d\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011b\u017ebu uhlovodan\u016f na ukrajinsk\u00e9m \u0161elfu. Hl\u00eddkov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto m\u00edst se zab\u00fdvala Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e FSB, ned\u00e1vno pak podle zpr\u00e1v z\u00a0rusk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed byly k\u00a0ostraze vrtn\u00fdch plo\u0161in nasazeny mal\u00e9 protiponorkov\u00e9 lod\u011b a raketov\u00e9 \u010dluny od 41.\u00a0brig\u00e1dy raketov\u00fdch lod\u00ed \u010cernomo\u0159sk\u00e9 flotily.<\/p>\n

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Plynov\u00e1 lo\u017eiska na \u0161elfu v\u00a0severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Detail mapy od st\u00e1tn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u010cornomornaftohaz<\/em><\/p>\n

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K\u00a0militarizaci doch\u00e1z\u00ed i na Azovsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Jako posily lodn\u00edho parku Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ee FSB a \u010cernomo\u0159sk\u00e9 flotily sem Rusko p\u0159esouv\u00e1 d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 \u010dluny Kaspick\u00e9 flotily. Vedle tradi\u010dn\u00ed trasy p\u0159es Vol\u017esko-donsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav je zavedena p\u0159eprava \u010dlun\u016f po \u017eeleznici, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zkracuje dobu p\u0159esunu.<\/p>\n

Toto navy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ze strany Moskvy pouh\u00fdm \u201ep\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm sval\u016f\u201c v\u00a0konfrontaci s\u00a0Kyjevem kv\u016fli n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edm tras\u00e1m a \u0161elfu. Nem\u011bli bychom v\u0161ak podce\u0148ovat ani variantu, \u017ee Rusko chyst\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed ozbrojenou eskalaci. Jej\u00edm nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem by mohlo b\u00fdt nastolen\u00ed kontroly nad \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Chersonsk\u00e9 oblasti, kterou vede zavla\u017eovac\u00ed Severokrymsk\u00fd kan\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed dn\u011bperskou vodou p\u0159es tento kan\u00e1l bylo zah\u00e1jeno v\u00a0roce 1963. Od t\u00e9 doby v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161il podm\u00ednky pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed ve vyprahl\u00e9 stepn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti poloostrova. A\u017e do roku 2014 tento kan\u00e1l uspokojoval 80 a\u017e 87\u00a0% pot\u0159eby sladk\u00e9 vody na Krymu. Kv\u016fli rusk\u00e9 okupaci byly dod\u00e1vky vody z\u00a0Dn\u011bpru zastaveny.<\/p>\n

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Schematick\u00e1 mapka Severokrymsk\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu<\/em><\/p>\n

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I p\u0159es nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed proveden\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed jako bylo t\u0159eba vrt\u00e1n\u00ed do zem\u011b rusk\u00e1 okupa\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va p\u0159ece jen nedok\u00e1zala z\u00e1sobit Krym po\u017eadovan\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm sladk\u00e9 vody. To zp\u016fsobilo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zavla\u017eovan\u00fdch ploch a objemu zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby. Nedostatek vody a intenzivn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed podzemn\u00edch zdroj\u016f m\u011bly za n\u00e1sledek zhor\u0161en\u00ed ekologick\u00e9 situace na okupovan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159esolov\u00e1n\u00ed horn\u00edch vrstev p\u016fdy, sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed hladin p\u0159ehradn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 redukci vegeta\u010dn\u00edho pokryvu Krymu. V\u00fdhledov\u011b by to mohlo v\u00e9st k\u00a0odchodu v\u011bt\u0161iny obyvatel venkova ze stepn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti poloostrova.<\/p>\n

Neschopnost naj\u00edt \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou in\u017een\u00fdrskou nebo dopravn\u00ed cestou tla\u010d\u00ed RF do varianty n\u00e1siln\u00e9. Militarizace Azovsk\u00e9ho a \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e stejn\u011b jako nevyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 blok\u00e1da ukrajinsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f by podle koment\u00e1tor\u016f mohla b\u00fdt prost\u0159edkem k\u00a0vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed Kyjeva, kter\u00e9 si klade za c\u00edl donutit ukrajinskou stranu k\u00a0obnoven\u00ed provozu Severokrymsk\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nejhor\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje situace bychom mohli o\u010dek\u00e1vat rusk\u00fd pokus o\u00a0okupaci \u010d\u00e1sti Chersonsk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n

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N\u00e1m\u011bty pro propagandu a dezinformace<\/h2>\n

D\u011bjiny mnoha st\u00e1t\u016f a politick\u00fdch re\u017eim\u016f, kter\u00e9 na Krymu v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch existovaly, maj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd spole\u010dn\u00fd rys, a sice jejich snahu kontrolovat p\u0159echodovou a zdrojovou oblast na \u201ekontinentu\u201c. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento faktor patrn\u011b vzala v\u00a0potaz i vl\u00e1da Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, kdy\u017e v\u00a0roce 1784 vytvo\u0159ila na \u00fazem\u00ed anektovan\u00e9ho Krymsk\u00e9ho chan\u00e1tu Tavrickou oblast (pozd\u011bji Tavrick\u00e1 gubernie). Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto \u00fazemn\u011bspr\u00e1vn\u00edho celku s\u00a0metropol\u00ed v\u00a0Simferopolu byla tak\u00e9 \u0159ada \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 dnes pat\u0159\u00ed do Chersonsk\u00e9, Z\u00e1poro\u017esk\u00e9 a Mykolajivsk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n

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Mapa Tavrick\u00e9 gubernie ze za\u010d\u00e1tku 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n

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N\u00e1pad s\u00a0reinkarnac\u00ed Tavrick\u00e9 gubernie v\u00a0jej\u00edch n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edch hranic\u00edch by mohl propuknout stejn\u011b n\u00e1hle, jak se to stalo s\u00a0\u201eNovoruskem\u201c v\u00a0roce 2014. Aktu\u00e1lnost tohoto pl\u00e1nu je z\u0159ejm\u00e1: kontrola nad kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u010d\u00e1stmi Tavrie by mohla vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m se z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00edm Krymu vodou, proto\u017ee Severokrymsk\u00fd kan\u00e1l proch\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edmto \u00fazem\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Podle hlasatel\u016f \u201erusk\u00e9ho jara\u201c 2014 m\u011blo konfederativn\u00ed \u201eNovorusko\u201c tvo\u0159it 8\u00a0\u201elidov\u00fdch republik\u201c v\u00a0hranic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch oblast\u00ed na jinu a v\u00fdchod\u011b Ukrajiny. V\u00a0praxi se v\u0161ak poda\u0159ilo vytvo\u0159it pouze \u201eDLR\u201c a \u201eLLR\u201c, a to jen na omezen\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. V\u00a0kv\u011btnu 2015 sami ozbrojenci prohl\u00e1sili projekt \u201eNovorusko\u201c za uzav\u0159en\u00fd (ulo\u017een\u00fd k\u00a0ledu na dobu neur\u010ditou). Model z\u00a08\u00a0republik-oblast\u00ed tak u\u017e nen\u00ed orienta\u010dn\u00edm bodem pro propagandu a podvratn\u00e9 aktivity rusk\u00fdch agent\u016f na Ukrajin\u011b. Uk\u00e1zkou hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho ideologick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu jsou t\u0159eba kauzy tzv. \u201eBesarabsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky\u201c, neboli \u201eBud\u017eack\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky\u201c (2015). Separatistick\u00e1 formace s\u00a0t\u00edmto n\u00e1zvem m\u011bla zahrnovat ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Od\u011bsk\u00e9 oblasti, o\u00a0\u201eOd\u011bskou lidovou republiku\u201c vzor 2014 tedy ji\u017e ne\u0161lo.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eeme tedy m\u00edt opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b za to, \u017ee ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed patrioti \u201eChersonsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky\u201c ji\u017e nezbyli. Nam\u00edsto toho by se mohly v\u00a0Chersonsk\u00e9 oblasti objevit nov\u00e9 p\u0159eludy \u201erussk\u00e9ho miru\u201c. Dokud se n\u00e1pad s\u00a0Tavrickou guberni\u00ed (na n\u00e1zvu moc nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed, jde hlavn\u011b o\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed) neza\u010dal ve velk\u00e9m rozj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt, m\u00e1 smysl se pokusit o\u00a0p\u0159edstih. Nav\u00edc prvn\u00ed zazvon\u011bn\u00ed se ji\u017e oz\u00fdvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0n\u00e1stroj\u016f rusk\u00e9 propagandy, kter\u00e1 je c\u00edlena na masy postr\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed, by se mohly st\u00e1t star\u00e9 etnografick\u00e9 mapy zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed tzv. Rittichovu chybu. Uk\u00e1zka textu, kter\u00fd prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm podobn\u00fdch map manipuluje s\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm m\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm, je k\u00a0nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed na odkazu<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Podstata argumentace vypad\u00e1 n\u00e1sledovn\u011b. Na mnoha star\u00fdch etnografick\u00fdch map\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bt, \u017ee kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed okresy Tavrick\u00e9 gubernie jsou os\u00eddleny p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b Rusy (Velkorusy), nikoli Ukrajinci (Malorusy). Naproti tomu na map\u00e1ch ze sov\u011btsk\u00e9 doby je toto \u00fazem\u00ed zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno ji\u017e jako etnicky ukrajinsk\u00e9. \u010cten\u00e1\u0159i je podsouv\u00e1n z\u00e1v\u011br: bu\u010f sov\u011btsk\u00fd re\u017eim \u201epoukrajin\u0161til\u201c Rusy, nebo obyvatelstvo fyzicky vym\u011bnil v\u00a0situaci soci\u00e1ln\u00edch kataklyzmat z\u00a0prvn\u00ed poloviny 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. M\u00e1 tedy j\u00edt o\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed \u201ezlo\u010din bol\u0161evik\u016f proti rusk\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu\u201c, jeho\u017e d\u016fsledky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt napraveny.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00edm zdrojem v\u0161ech map s\u00a0ruskou Severn\u00ed Tavri\u00ed je \u201eEtnografick\u00e1 mapa Evropsk\u00e9ho Ruska\u201c, kterou zpracoval rusk\u00fd etnograf a kartograf Alexandr Rittich v\u00a0roce 1875.<\/p>\n

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Detail \u201eEtnografick\u00e9 mapy Evropsk\u00e9ho Ruska\u201c od Alexandra Ritticha zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159evahu etnick\u00fdch Rus\u016f (sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed barva) nad Ukrajinci v\u00a0Severn\u00ed Tavrii<\/em><\/p>\n

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V\u00a0tomto konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se onen vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bdec dopustil trapn\u00e9 chyby: statistick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, o\u00a0n\u011b\u017e se op\u00edral, toti\u017e uv\u00e1d\u011bly, \u017ee na p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed Ukrajinci (Malorusov\u00e9). O\u00a0tzv. Rittichov\u011b chyb\u011b nejednou psali odborn\u00edci, zejm\u00e9na na ni poukazoval v\u00fdznamn\u00fd rusk\u00fd specialista na historickou demografii, doktor historick\u00fdch v\u011bd Nikolaj Kabuzan (1932\u20132008).<\/p>\n

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Str\u00e1nka ze studie Nikolaje Kabuzana \u201eUkrajinci ve sv\u011bt\u011b: dynamika po\u010dt\u016f a os\u00eddlen\u00ed: 20.\u00a0l\u00e9ta 18.\u00a0stolet\u00ed a\u017e do roku 1989: utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed etnick\u00fdch a politick\u00fdch hranic ukrajinsk\u00e9ho etnika\u201c, vydan\u00e9 \u00dastavem pro rusk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny Rusk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd v\u00a0roce 2006<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u00dadaje o\u00a0p\u0159evaze Ukrajinc\u016f jak v\u00a0Tavrick\u00e9 gubernii celkov\u011b, tak v\u00a0jej\u00ed severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti byly potvrzeny tak\u00e9 prvn\u00edm celost\u00e1tn\u00edm s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm obyvatel v\u00a0roce 1897. Podle v\u00fdsledk\u016f s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> v\u00a0Tavrick\u00e9 gubernii \u017eilo:<\/p>\n