{"id":7311,"date":"2019-06-17T10:08:42","date_gmt":"2019-06-17T10:08:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=7311"},"modified":"2019-06-17T10:08:42","modified_gmt":"2019-06-17T10:08:42","slug":"deset-smyslenek-a-spekulaci-o-ukrajine-v-ceskem-tisku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/deset-smyslenek-a-spekulaci-o-ukrajine-v-ceskem-tisku\/","title":{"rendered":"Deset smy\u0161lenek a spekulac\u00ed o Ukrajin\u011b v \u010desk\u00e9m tisku"},"content":{"rendered":"

na uk\u00e1zce rozhovoru Dagmar Martinkov\u00e9 pro Mladou frontu dnes<\/em><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e jsem v\u00a0roce 1999 poprv\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161el do Prahy a dostal se na st\u00e1\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo do redakce tech nejseri\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch novin Mlad\u00e1 fronta DNES, dost rychle mi do\u0161lo, \u017ee \u201eprotla\u010dit\u201c n\u011bjakou publikaci o\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b bude velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9. Ne\u0161lo dokonce ani o\u00a0to, aby \u010dl\u00e1nek by objektivn\u00ed, seri\u00f3zn\u00ed \u010di pozitivn\u00ed, ale v\u016fbec o\u00a0jak\u00fdkoliv. Jako kdyby pro \u010desk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia tehdy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 Ukrajina neexistovala. Psalo se o\u00a0n\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddkakdy, a to jen ve smyslu, \u017ee m\u011blo j\u00edt o\u00a0zemi chudou, dod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance a kriminalitu. V\u00a0pon\u011bkud \u201eveselej\u0161\u00edm\u201c pod\u00e1n\u00ed se prezentovalo snad jen t\u00e9ma sportu a v\u0161e kolem Kolo\u010davy a Nikoly \u0160uhaje. \u010casy se v\u0161ak zm\u011bnily. Majdany v\u00a0letech 2004 a 2013\u20132014 kone\u010dn\u011b upoutaly pozornost \u010desk\u00e9ho tisku v\u016f\u010di Ukrajin\u011b. Zaujatost ov\u0161em nikam nezmizela, a to ani u\u00a0seri\u00f3zn\u00edch vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b dokonce natolik pos\u00edlila, \u017ee se mus\u00edm uch\u00fdlit ke kritice publikace v\u00a0u\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 Mlad\u00e9 front\u011b DNES. I kdy\u017e u\u017e tehdy m\u011b p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 a kolegov\u00e9 upozor\u0148ovali, \u017ee za seri\u00f3zn\u00ed lze toto m\u00e9dium pokl\u00e1dat jen relativn\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak na Ukrajin\u011b, tak v\u00a0\u010cesku m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00e1vo vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor, pohled \u010di interpretaci. P\u0159itom je v\u0161ak nutno respektovat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed fakta, pou\u017e\u00edvat seri\u00f3zn\u00ed argumentaci a projevovat \u00factu k\u00a0ostatn\u00edm, stejn\u011b tak se vyh\u00fdbat ur\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m, zejm\u00e9na etnicky motivovan\u00fdm. Reagovat na n\u011bjak\u00e9 publikace v\u00a0jin\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch nen\u00ed v\u00a0novin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, nicm\u00e9n\u011b rozhovor, kter\u00fd poskytla Ladislavu Henkovi p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Sdru\u017een\u00ed \u010cech\u016f z\u00a0Volyn\u011b a jejich p\u0159\u00e1tel, histori\u010dka Dagmar Martinkov\u00e1, p\u0159ekro\u010dil ve\u0161ker\u00e9 meze slu\u0161nosti a vy\u017eaduje reakci. Tomuto povrchn\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku nejen\u017ee zcela chyb\u00ed etika a \u00facta k\u00a0jin\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu, ale je tu tak\u00e9 spousta nepravd a oby\u010dejn\u00fdch nesmysl\u016f. U\u017e jen samotn\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee dva \u010de\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch novin\u00e1ch, s\u00a0prominut\u00edm, h\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161p\u00ednu na Ukrajinu a Ukrajince, p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 obl\u00edbenou \u010dinnost xenofob\u016f: mluvit \u201eo\u00a0n\u00e1s bez n\u00e1s\u201c. N\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho je norm\u00e1ln\u00ed leda tak pro ruskou st\u00e1tn\u00ed televizi nebo propagandistick\u00fd pl\u00e1tek komunist\u016f Hal\u00f3 noviny, na kter\u00e9 se nem\u00e1 smysl ani ohl\u00ed\u017eet.<\/p>\n

Pan\u00ed histori\u010dka \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dasto jezd\u00ed na Ukrajinu, kde komunikuje jak s\u00a0\u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky, tak s\u00a0oby\u010dejn\u00fdmi lidmi. Takto z\u00edskan\u00e9 informace a vlastn\u00ed dojmy p\u0159evypr\u00e1v\u011bla p\u00e1nu redaktorovi. Patrn\u011b nikoli bez jeho \u00fa\u010dasti se tu se\u0161lo prakticky pln\u00e9 spektrum dne\u0161n\u00edho p\u0159ekrucov\u00e1n\u00ed a stereotyp\u016f ohledn\u011b Ukrajinc\u016f, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 kompletn\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed si na\u0161el produkt prorusko-komunistick\u00e9 \u201etov\u00e1rny na l\u017ei\u201c. Jak moc v\u011bdeck\u00e9 je pro v\u011bdce sb\u00edrat klepy a d\u00e1le je interpretovat, t\u0159eba jen v\u00a0kr\u010dm\u011b u\u00a0vodky, nechme stranou. Vyvr\u00e1cen\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stoprocentn\u00edho rozporu tohoto rozhovoru se skute\u010dnost\u00ed by vydalo snad na cel\u00fd \u010dasopis. Zam\u011b\u0159me se alespo\u0148 na hlavn\u00ed, m\u00edrn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, kontroverze, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0n\u011bm zazn\u011bly.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Screenshot prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti rozhovoru Dagmar Martinkov\u00e9 v Mlad\u00e9 front\u011b DNES<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Le\u017e \u010d.\u00a01: o\u00a0decentralizaci<\/h2>\n

Sl\u00fdch\u00e1m \u010dasto, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina pen\u011bz, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ijdou do centra, jsou jednodu\u0161e rozkradeny. To ne\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed jen b\u011b\u017en\u00ed Ukrajinci, mluv\u00ed tak i z\u00e1stupci guberni\u00ed, m\u011bst a obc\u00ed. \u0158ada ukrajinsk\u00fdch m\u011bst m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem o\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0t\u011bmi \u010desk\u00fdmi. Ale zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee cht\u011bj\u00ed spolupracovat v\u00fdhradn\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo, v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nesm\u00ed j\u00edt finan\u010dn\u00ed styk p\u0159es vl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady. Na ot\u00e1zku \u201epro\u010d\u201c odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed v\u017edy stejn\u011b: Proto\u017ee v\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fa\u0159adech se pen\u00edze ztrat\u00ed a k\u00a0n\u00e1m nedoputuje nic.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Za prv\u00e9<\/strong>, r\u00e1d bych pan\u00ed histori\u010dce p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee Ukrajina na rozd\u00edl od carsk\u00e9ho Ruska nem\u00e1 gubernie ani gubern\u00e1tory. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi \u00fazemn\u011bspr\u00e1vn\u00edmi celky jsou na Ukrajin\u011b oblasti.
\nZa druh\u00e9<\/strong>, ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 2015 byla na Ukrajin\u011b zah\u00e1jena decentralizace, kter\u00e1 p\u0159enesla na org\u00e1ny m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy mnoho pravomoc\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na finan\u010dn\u00edch. T\u0159eba stejn\u011b jako p\u0159ed \u010dasem v\u00a0\u010cesku vznikaj\u00ed sdru\u017een\u00e9 \u00fazemn\u00ed komunity, v\u00a0jejich\u017e rozpo\u010dtech z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 85\u00a0%\u00a0vybran\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f: pozemkov\u00e1 da\u0148, da\u0148 z\u00a0nemovitost\u00ed, 100\u00a0%\u00a0pau\u0161\u00e1ln\u00edch dan\u00ed z\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, firem a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, 60\u00a0%\u00a0dan\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f fyzick\u00fdch osob, registra\u010dn\u00ed poplatky apod. To umo\u017e\u0148uje obc\u00edm opravit mate\u0159sk\u00e9 a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly, vybudovat nov\u00e9 ambulance nebo dokonce z\u0159\u00eddit pouli\u010dn\u00ed osv\u011btlen\u00ed. T\u0159eba obec Teterivka v\u00a0\u017dytomyrsk\u00e9 oblasti zrealizovala 13\u00a0projekt\u016f, od rekonstrukce \u0161kolky a\u017e po otev\u0159en\u00ed Centra poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. \u201eM\u00edstn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 moc kone\u010dn\u011b z\u00edskala pravomoci, o\u00a0nich\u017e se j\u00ed p\u0159edt\u00edm ani nezd\u00e1lo\u201c, uvedla p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b m\u00edstn\u00ed komunity Valentyna Ilnycka. Za t\u0159et\u00ed<\/strong>, pro partnerstv\u00ed mezi regiony neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd centralizovan\u00fd postup. T\u0159eba Zakarpatsk\u00e1 oblast a kraj Vyso\u010dina p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 10\u00a0lety z\u0159\u00eddily spole\u010dnou nadaci Viza a spole\u010dn\u011b opravuj\u00ed \u0161koly a \u0161kolky v\u00a0m\u011bste\u010dk\u00e1ch a obc\u00edch regionu, spole\u010dn\u011b rozhoduj\u00ed o\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00edch v\u00fddaj\u00edch ve v\u00fd\u0161i 5.000.000\u00a0K\u010d ro\u010dn\u011b, ani\u017e by musely \u010dekat na jak\u00e9koli odsouhlasen\u00ed s\u00a0Kyjevem \u010di Prahou. Jedin\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem Kyjeva bylo prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159i podeps\u00e1n\u00ed dohody v\u00a0roce 2008, \u017ee ukrajinsk\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed proti tomu nem\u00e1 n\u00e1mitek.<\/p>\n

Pochybn\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed a le\u017e \u010d.\u00a02: o\u00a0v\u00e1lce<\/h2>\n

Ukrajinci jsou z\u00a0n\u00ed u\u017e unaveni, rozlad\u011bni, p\u0159ej\u00ed si, aby kone\u010dn\u011b skon\u010dila… nevid\u00ed d\u016fvod, pro\u010d by m\u011bli bojovat proti lidem na v\u00fdchod\u011b…<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Mnoho “lid\u00ed na v\u00fdchod\u011b” v\u00ed, \u017ee Don\u011bcko, Luhansko a Krym je Ukrajina. Mnoho z nich se pod\u00edlelo na protiteroristick\u00e9 operaci a pod\u00edl\u00ed se na Operaci spojen\u00fdch sil, kde br\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a \u00fazemn\u00ed integritu zem\u011b.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ukrajinci nev\u00e1l\u010d\u00ed s\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi \u201elidmi na v\u00fdchod\u011b\u201c. Jde o\u00a0boj s\u00a0rusk\u00fdmi agresory, separatisty a zlo\u010dinci, kte\u0159\u00ed se dobrovoln\u011b \u010di nedobrovoln\u011b p\u0159idali na jejich stranu. A na tom nen\u00ed nic divn\u00e9ho. Se separatismem bojuje t\u0159eba \u010dlensk\u00e1 zem\u011b EU \u0160pan\u011blsko, boj proti terorismu ji\u017e mnoho let vede civilizovan\u00fd Izrael. A kdyby tak Ukrajinci nejednali, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b by sd\u00edleli osud \u010cechoslov\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed na podzim 1938 tak\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b se spojenci tou\u017eili po m\u00edru, neodv\u00e1\u017eili se bojovat a postoupili \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b o\u00a0p\u016flroku pozd\u011bji o\u00a0sv\u016fj st\u00e1t stejn\u011b p\u0159i\u0161li.<\/p>\n

\u017de si Ukrajinci p\u0159ej\u00ed m\u00edr, je rozhodn\u011b pravda, ale a\u017e po v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, nikoli po kapitulaci, po obnoven\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00edho po\u0159\u00e1dku na \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dnes okupuje Rusko a proru\u0161t\u00ed ozbrojenci. P\u0159ed anex\u00ed Krymu v\u00a0roce 2014 Ukrajina s\u00a0nik\u00fdm nev\u00e1l\u010dila a nepova\u017eovala v\u00e1lku za n\u011bco samo\u00fa\u010deln\u00e9ho. Na rozd\u00edl od Rus\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed podle pr\u016fzkum\u016f podporovali a st\u00e1le podporuj\u00ed postup sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v\u00a0Moldavsku, \u010ce\u010densku, Gruzii, na Ukrajin\u011b \u010di v\u00a0S\u00fdrii. Ukrajinci nikdy netou\u017eili po ni\u010dem ciz\u00edm, dobrovoln\u011b se vzd\u00e1t vlastn\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed v\u0161ak nehodlaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

K\u00e9\u017e by pan\u00ed histori\u010dka Martinkov\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed op\u00edrala nejen o\u00a0vlastn\u00ed dojmy, ale tak\u00e9 o\u00a0seri\u00f3zn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy. M\u016f\u017eeme tu zm\u00ednit zn\u00e1mou sociolo\u017eku Irynu Beke\u0161kinovou, kter\u00e1 shrnula pr\u016fzkumy proveden\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b t\u0159emi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi centry, kdy respondenti m\u011bli odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zku: \u201eP\u0159istoupili byste na m\u00edr za ka\u017edou cenu, nebo se domn\u00edv\u00e1te, \u017ee by se m\u011blo okupovan\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed dob\u00fdt zp\u011bt i n\u00e1silnou cestou?\u201c Pro \u201en\u00e1silnou cestu\u201c… je dnes 17\u00a0%<\/strong>, pro \u201em\u00edr za ka\u017edou cenu\u201c… 18\u00a0%. Naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee o\u00a0m\u00edr na Donbasu je t\u0159eba usilovat poklidnou cestou, nikoli v\u0161ak za ka\u017edou cenu… Nejm\u00e9n\u011b je t\u011bch, kdo souhlas\u00ed s\u00a0proveden\u00edm m\u00edstn\u00edch voleb za podm\u00ednek, jak po\u017eaduj\u00ed ozbrojenci. Takov\u00fdch je pouh\u00fdch 12\u00a0%. Tato ot\u00e1zka je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro Rusko, podle n\u011bj\u017e je nutno nejd\u0159\u00edve prov\u00e9st volby a tyto volby n\u00e1sledn\u011b uznat s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee Ukrajina by pak m\u011bla vyjedn\u00e1vat s\u00a0touto \u00fadajn\u011b novou \u201em\u00edstn\u00ed politickou reprezentac\u00ed\u201c. K\u00a0ot\u00e1zce zaveden\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch politick\u00fdch a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch vztah\u016f s\u00a0do\u010dasn\u011b nekontrolovan\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm: souhlasilo by s\u00a0t\u00edm 20\u00a0%, nesouhlasilo 49\u00a0%. S\u00a0p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00edm zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho postaven\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdm \u010d\u00e1stem Don\u011bck\u00e9 a Luhansk\u00e9 oblasti a jeho zakotven\u00edm v\u00a0\u00fastav\u011b pak tak\u00e9 souhlas\u00ed necel\u00fdch 30\u00a0%, ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50\u00a0% nesouhlas\u00ed. Ukrajinci prakticky ze v\u0161ech region\u016f kategoricky nesouhlas\u00ed s\u00a0proveden\u00edm \u201em\u00edstn\u00edch voleb za podm\u00ednek, jak po\u017eaduj\u00ed ozbrojenci, se z\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm nov\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed policie ze zdej\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f ani se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm postaven\u00edm Donbasu\u201c, uv\u00e1d\u00ed sociolo\u017eka.<\/p>\n

Le\u017e \u010d.\u00a03: o\u00a0vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b<\/h2>\n

Kdy\u017e mlad\u00fd chlapec narukuje, arm\u00e1da ho nevybav\u00ed v\u0161\u00edm pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm. Na v\u00fdstroj do v\u00e1lky v\u010detn\u011b nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty se mus\u00ed slo\u017eit lid\u00e9 z\u00a0vesnice nebo m\u011bsta, kde \u017eije… bude muset p\u0159ij\u00edt nov\u00e1 revoluce, proto\u017ee to v\u00a0lidech v\u0159e.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Voj\u00e1ci ukrajinsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy jsou dnes vybaveni mnohem l\u00e9pe ne\u017e p\u0159ed 4 lety<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Za prv\u00e9<\/strong>, voj\u00e1ci z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slu\u017eby, co\u017e jsou zpravidla povolan\u00ed mlad\u00ed mu\u017ei z\u00a0ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f 1992 a\u017e 2001, se do z\u00f3ny prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed Operace spojen\u00fdch sil nepos\u00edlaj\u00ed. Takto na\u0159izuje vojensk\u00e1 doktr\u00edna Ukrajiny. V\u00fdjimky tvo\u0159\u00ed mobilizace nebo vlastn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost brance, i v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak mus\u00ed absolvovat v\u00fdcvikov\u00fd kurz. V\u00a0z\u00f3n\u011b OSS na Donbasu dnes slou\u017e\u00ed pouze voj\u00e1ci z\u00a0povol\u00e1n\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed dovednosti a zku\u0161enosti.<\/p>\n

Za druh\u00e9<\/strong>, dnes u\u017e nen\u00ed rok 2014 nebo 2015, kdy po dlouholet\u00e9m z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9m podfinancov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozvr\u00e1cen\u00ed arm\u00e1dy proruskou vl\u00e1dou Janukovy\u010de a Azarova voj\u00e1k\u016fm skute\u010dn\u011b chyb\u011bla po\u017eadovan\u00e1 v\u00fdstroj, mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed, od j\u00eddla p\u0159es p\u0159ilby, nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty \u010di termovize a\u017e k\u00a0automobil\u016fm, zaji\u0161\u0165ovali nejen p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, ale i dobrovoln\u00edci. Ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let se arm\u00e1da z\u00e1sobuje mnohem l\u00e9pe, p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 stovky kus\u016f nov\u00e9 techniky, Ministerstvo obrany nakupuje pro voj\u00e1ky speci\u00e1ln\u00ed oble\u010den\u00ed, obuv a v\u00fdstroj\u00a0\u2013 tedy pr\u00e1v\u011b ty v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159edt\u00edm dod\u00e1valy d\u00edly mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pomoci nebo se nedod\u00e1valy v\u016fbec. O\u010distit a oto\u010dit obrovskou vojenskou ma\u0161in\u00e9rii samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9. I tak\u00e9 zde Ukrajina \u0161l\u00e1pla na star\u00e9 korup\u010dn\u00ed hr\u00e1b\u011b, nicm\u00e9n\u011b tvrdit, \u017ee ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci jsou \u201ehladov\u00ed, naz\u00ed a bos\u00ed\u201c, by byla naprost\u00e1 le\u017e.<\/p>\n

Za t\u0159et\u00ed, k\u00a0v\u00fdroku o\u00a0revoluci.<\/strong> Je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u010d\u00edst n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho od vzd\u011blan\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka… Pr\u00e1vn\u00edci by mohli podobn\u00fd v\u00fdrok ciz\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho ob\u010dana kvalifikovat nejen jako zasahov\u00e1n\u00ed do vnit\u0159n\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed jin\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, ale i jako v\u00fdzvu k\u00a0jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmu ve\u0159ejn\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1dek, a na to m\u00e1 ukrajinsk\u00fd trestn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u00edk \u010dl\u00e1nek\u00a0295, jakkoli pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e1 tento v\u00fdrok p\u0159isuzuje sv\u00fdm nejmenovan\u00fdm ukrajinsk\u00fdm spole\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm. Nechme to v\u0161ak te\u010f stranou.<\/p>\n

Pod\u00edvejme se na podstatu tohoto v\u00fdroku. V\u00fdchodn\u00ed soused skute\u010dn\u011b tou\u017e\u00ed rozvr\u00e1tit Ukrajinu zevnit\u0159. Pr\u00e1v\u011b skute\u010dnost, \u017ee si Ukrajinci tuto hrozbu uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, je d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 snahy svolat \u201et\u0159et\u00ed Majdan\u201c v\u00a0posledn\u00edch 5\u00a0letech neusp\u011bly. Stovky, ba dokonce tis\u00edce lid\u00ed vych\u00e1zely do ulic protestovat proti vysok\u00fdm komun\u00e1ln\u00edm tarif\u016fm nebo za levn\u00e9 proclen\u00ed dovezen\u00fdch ojet\u00fdch automobil\u016f ze zem\u00ed EU. Michail Saaka\u0161vili se sna\u017eil svolat \u201eprotikorup\u010dn\u00ed Majdan\u201c, krajn\u00ed pravice pravideln\u011b po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 protivl\u00e1dn\u00ed akce na r\u016fzn\u00e1 t\u00e9mata, kdy jednou po\u017eaduje blok\u00e1du separatistick\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed, jednou protestuje proti \u0161melin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm ve sf\u00e9\u0159e obrany. Ukrajina je demokratick\u00fd st\u00e1t, ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor na poklidn\u011b konan\u00fdch shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech po\u017eadavky t\u011bchto shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady splnily. Tyto \u201emajdany\u201c v\u0161ak nikdy nez\u00edskaly tak velk\u00fd a stabiln\u00ed po\u010det p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f, aby to vedlo k\u00a0revolu\u010dn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m. Jak lze post\u0159ehnout, pob\u00eddnout Ukrajince k\u00a0protest\u016fm dok\u00e1\u017eou d\u016fvody sp\u00ed\u0161e mravn\u00ed, ne\u017eli \u201e\u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed\u201c. T\u0159eba koncem 1990.\u00a0let m\u011bli Ukrajinci miziv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy, mzdy se nevypl\u00e1cely cel\u00e1 l\u00e9ta, protivl\u00e1dn\u00ed protesty se v\u0161ak masov\u00e9 podpory nedo\u010dkaly. Naproti tomu fal\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed voleb v\u00a0roce 2004 \u010di odklon od evropsk\u00e9 integrace v\u00a0roce 2013 dostaly do ulic miliony lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Spekulativn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed a le\u017e \u010d.\u00a04: o\u00a0zdravotnictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Hrout\u00ed se t\u0159eba zdravotnictv\u00ed… L\u00e9ky se mus\u00ed kupovat v\u00a0l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u011b… sanitka p\u0159ijela, a\u017e kdy\u017e se p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed slo\u017eili na benz\u00edn.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kdy\u017e, v\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 pan\u00ed, \u0159eknete A, mus\u00edte \u0159\u00edct i B. Od roku 2016 prob\u00edh\u00e1 na Ukrajin\u011b reforma zdravotnictv\u00ed. Do\u010dasn\u011b \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00ed ministryn\u011b Uljana Suprunov\u00e1 ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let neumo\u017e\u0148uje zkorumpovan\u00e1 byrokratick\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata, co\u017e sni\u017euje cenu l\u00e9k\u016f v\u00a0\u0159ad\u00e1ch n\u00e1sobk\u016f. T\u0159eba p\u0159edt\u00edm u\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00edch zak\u00e1zek na l\u00e9ky si podnikavci od zdravotnictv\u00ed strkali do kapes 40\u00a0% z\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 miliardy h\u0159iven zaplacen\u00e9 st\u00e1tem. 30.\u00a0b\u0159ezna 2018 vznikl N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad Ukrajiny. Jeho z\u00e1sada zn\u00ed: \u201epen\u00edze jdou za pacientem\u201c. \u00da\u0159ad propl\u00e1c\u00ed hodnotu skute\u010dn\u011b poskytnut\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de. Tento mechanismus \u00fahrad za\u010dal na Ukrajin\u011b letos kone\u010dn\u011b fungovat a postupn\u011b nahrazuje ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd sov\u011btsk\u00fd model \u00fahrady podle po\u010dtu l\u016f\u017eek. Rodinn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i podepisuj\u00ed s\u00a0pacienty prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a podle toho pob\u00edraj\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky za poskytnutou p\u00e9\u010di. Syst\u00e9m se tedy nehrout\u00ed, ale naopak obnovuje.<\/p>\n

Pokud v\u0161ak zn\u00e1m\u00ed pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e9, evidentn\u011b cizinci, museli n\u011bkde na Ukrajin\u011b zaplatit za l\u00e9ky nebo za p\u0159\u00edjezd sanitky, na tom nen\u00ed nic zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho. Kdyby t\u0159eba ukrajinsk\u00fd ob\u010dan vyhledal l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u00e9\u010di v\u00a0\u010cesku, ani\u017e by byl poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd, musel by za o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed tak\u00e9 zaplatit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stku. Pro\u010d tedy mus\u00ed pacienti na Ukrajin\u011b b\u011bhat po l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00e1ch? D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee se dosavadn\u00ed postsocialistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy dosud neodv\u00e1\u017eily zav\u00e9st v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, jak to v\u00a0\u010cesku funguje ji\u017e d\u00e1vno. Na Ukrajin\u011b se s\u00a0n\u00edm po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 od roku 2020. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je l\u00e9ka\u0159 neposlal do nemocni\u010dn\u00ed pokladny, ale do l\u00e9k\u00e1rny. A zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pacienti m\u011bli pozd\u011bji po\u017eadovat \u00fahradu v\u00fddaj\u016f na l\u00e9ky po sv\u00fdch poji\u0161\u0165ovn\u00e1ch, kde maj\u00ed uzav\u0159enou smlouvu nebo plat\u00ed z\u00e1lohy. Ukrajinci si pak mohou sjednat dobrovoln\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, i mnoho jich (podle Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed a\u017e 10\u00a0%) t\u00e9to mo\u017enosti vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u00e9\u010di jdou na soukromou kliniku, kde maj\u00ed kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di a kde mohou dojednat formality poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s\u00a0poji\u0161\u0165ovnou. Minim\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b a velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech u\u017e tento syst\u00e9m funguje docela dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Nechci v\u0161ak tvrdit, \u017ee by na ukrajinsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch klinik\u00e1ch zdravotn\u00edci \u201enebrali\u201c. Za porody, operace, na l\u00e9\u010dbu v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, dokonce i za p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed ZTP se vyb\u00edraj\u00ed \u201edobro\u010dinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky\u201c, \u201efinan\u010dn\u00ed dary\u201c nebo \u201eob\u00e1lky\u201c. Spousta sb\u00edrek na operace je tomu sv\u011bdectv\u00edm. Toto v\u0161e v\u0161ak kv\u016fli chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v\u00a0trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s\u00a0korupc\u00ed ve zdravotnictv\u00ed bojuj\u00ed. Zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee byl n\u011bjak\u00fd zdravotn\u00edk zadr\u017een kv\u016fli \u00faplatku, najdeme v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch tak\u0159ka denn\u011b. P\u0159i prohled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v o\u00a0zadr\u017een\u00fdch nebo odsouzen\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u00edch za p\u0159ijet\u00ed \u00faplatku vyd\u00e1 vyhled\u00e1va\u010d tis\u00edce v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Le\u017e \u010d.\u00a05: o\u00a0zam\u011bstnanosti<\/h2>\n

Obrovsk\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost. Kdo pracuje, m\u00e1 sm\u011b\u0161nou mzdu.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

V Kyjev\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edch velk\u00fdch ukrajinsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech se dnes stav\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m a poci\u0165uje se nedostatek zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. “Obrovsk\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost na Ukrajin\u011b” je m\u00fdtus. Foto: The Village Ukrajina<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Podle St\u00e1tn\u00edho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu je na Ukrajin\u011b p\u016fldruh\u00e9ho milionu lid\u00ed bez pr\u00e1ce, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b evidovan\u00fdch uchaze\u010d\u016f o\u00a0zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed je necel\u00fdch 300.000. Je to slu\u0161n\u00e9: 9\u00a0%\u00a0pr\u00e1ceschopn\u00e9 populace. Oproti \u010cesku s\u00a02,3\u00a0% je to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vysok\u00fd \u00fadaj, \u0160pan\u011blsko a \u0158ecko, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty EU, v\u0161ak maj\u00ed 15 a 20\u00a0%. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost v\u00a0EU \u010din\u00ed 7\u00a0%, rozd\u00edl oproti Ukrajin\u011b tedy nijak v\u00fdrazn\u00fd, nezam\u011bstnanost tedy rozhodn\u011b nelze ozna\u010dit za \u201eobrovskou\u201c. To platilo p\u0159ed 20\u00a0lety, kdy 40\u00a0%, pop\u0159. v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech a\u017e 60\u00a0%\u00a0obyvatel nem\u011blo st\u00e1l\u00fd zdroj p\u0159\u00edjmu a muselo \u017e\u00edt z\u00a0ob\u010dasn\u00fdch p\u0159iv\u00fdd\u011blk\u016f, p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edho prodeje nebo st\u00ednov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Dnes v\u0161ak mnoho ukrajinsk\u00fdch zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f poci\u0165uje nedostatek pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly. V\u00a0nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch regionech zem\u011b, jimi\u017e jsou Ternopilsk\u00e1 nebo Voly\u0148sk\u00e1 oblast, t\u0159eba nedok\u00e1\u017eou naj\u00edt zam\u011bstnance do podnik\u016f se mzdou 7.000\u00a0h\u0159iven, proto webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky s\u00a0nab\u00eddkou pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst nab\u00edzej\u00ed 10.000 a\u017e 15.000\u00a0h\u0159iven. \u201eUrgentn\u011b hled\u00e1me om\u00edtk\u00e1\u0159e, ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ob\u011bdy, ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed, pracovn\u00ed od\u011bvy\u201c\u00a0\u2013 stovky podobn\u00fdch inzer\u00e1t\u016f ze stavebnictv\u00ed najdeme na webech s\u00a0nab\u00eddkami pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se nab\u00edzej\u00ed mzdy 20.000 a\u017e 25.000\u00a0h\u0159iven, proto\u017ee v\u00a0metropoli se v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b stav\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m. Za posledn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i roky na Ukrajin\u011b zah\u00e1jilo provoz 207\u00a0nov\u00fdch tov\u00e1ren, zejm\u00e9na KVS v\u00a0Chmelnyck\u00e9 oblasti, UHLK v\u00a0\u017dytomyrsk\u00e9, UkrTechnoFos v\u00a0Rovensk\u00e9 nebo semen\u00e1rna Pjatydni na Volyni.<\/p>\n

Kontroverzn\u00ed a spekulativn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed \u010d.\u00a06: o\u00a0byrokracii a korupci<\/h2>\n

B\u011bh\u00e1te n\u011bkolik dn\u016f po \u00fa\u0159adech a zji\u0161\u0165ujete, \u017ee v\u00fdsledkem je nula, \u017ee nejen za raz\u00edtko, ale i za sebemen\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed \u00fakon, dokonce i za odpov\u011b\u010f na va\u0161i \u017e\u00e1dost p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed \u00faplatek.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e1 p\u0159edt\u00edm \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201ep\u00e1nb\u016fh chra\u0148 \u0159e\u0161it v\u0161e p\u0159es centrum\u201c, o\u00a0n\u011bkolik \u0159\u00e1dek d\u00e1le v\u0161ak sama sob\u011b proti\u0159e\u010d\u00ed a prohla\u0161uje, \u017ee se j\u00ed nel\u00edb\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup u\u017e ani na m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00farovni. Pokud jde o\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci, nebylo by snad skute\u010dn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed tuto v\u011bc p\u0159enechat ofici\u00e1ln\u011b pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm org\u00e1n\u016fm, a sice ministerstv\u016fm zahrani\u010d\u00ed, pracovat p\u0159es diplomaty, kte\u0159\u00ed um\u011bj\u00ed ps\u00e1t n\u00f3ty a v\u00e9st dialog, tedy \u201ep\u0159es Prahu\u201c nebo \u201ep\u0159es Kyjev\u201c, nikoli cestovat do ukrajinsk\u00fdch okresn\u00edch m\u011bst na vlastn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0postaven\u00ed aktivistky ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho sdru\u017een\u00ed a \u201evyjedn\u00e1vat\u201c s\u00a0\u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky? N\u011bkolikr\u00e1t b\u011bhem rozhovoru obvi\u0148uje nejmenovan\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky z\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faplatk\u016f. Zaj\u00edmalo by m\u011b: kolik z\u00a0t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f ozn\u00e1mila policii? Protikorup\u010dn\u00ed prokuratu\u0159e? SBU? Protikorup\u010dn\u00edmu \u00fa\u0159adu? Agentu\u0159e pro p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed korupce? Nebo alespo\u0148 sv\u00fdm koleg\u016fm z\u00a0ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho sektoru, nap\u0159. St\u0159edisku pro pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed korupce? Korupce na Ukrajin\u011b bezesporu existuje a \u010dinnost \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f nen\u00ed dost transparentn\u00ed. Jsou to v\u011bci zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 po \u201esov\u011btech\u201c a \u201erusk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b\u201c, kter\u00fd se zem\u011b dnes sna\u017e\u00ed opustit prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm evropsk\u00e9 integrace. Zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 protikorup\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159. automatick\u00fd odpo\u010det DPH, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sf\u00e9ry provozu syst\u00e9mu ProZorro nebo \u010dinnost kancel\u00e1\u0159e podnikatelsk\u00e9ho ombudsmana. Ale nen\u00ed-li trestn\u00edho ozn\u00e1men\u00ed proti konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu zkorumpovan\u00e9mu \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edkovi, potrestat ho za toto hanebn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed bude velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le\u017e \u010d.\u00a07: o\u00a0uct\u011bn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky bojovn\u00edk\u016f a n\u00e1zvech ulic<\/h2>\n

P\u0159ed lety nebyl probl\u00e9m domluvit se na um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pam\u011btn\u00ed desky \u010desk\u00e9mu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9mu veter\u00e1novi. Te\u010f u\u017e n\u00e1m bylo \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee je to probl\u00e9m… radik\u00e1ln\u00ed prom\u011bny n\u00e1zv\u016f ulic a obc\u00ed, aby zn\u011bly ukrajinsky…<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Odhalen\u00ed pam\u011btn\u00ed desky na budov\u011b n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161koly v Lucku 2. b\u0159ezna 2019. Jedna z ilustrac\u00ed skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee se na Ukrajin\u011b ct\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy n\u00e1rodn\u00edch men\u0161in a v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed jin\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Nev\u00edme, o\u00a0kter\u00e9ho veter\u00e1na \u0161lo, a nezn\u00e1me ani m\u00edsto, na Ukrajin\u011b je v\u0161ak v\u00a0\u00fact\u011b mnoho \u010desk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a zn\u00e1m\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed. T\u0159eba v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014 byla v\u00a0samotn\u00e9m srdci Kyjeva, na zdi Sofijsk\u00e9 katedr\u00e1ly, kter\u00e1 je historickou pam\u00e1tkou, odhalena pam\u011btn\u00ed deska \u010desk\u00e9 dru\u017ein\u011b, kter\u00e1 tu slo\u017eila vojensk\u00fd slib v\u00a0roce 2014. Jde o\u00a0jedinou takovou desku na tomto pro Ukrajince sakr\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b, a\u010dkoli se tu odehr\u00e1ly des\u00edtky historick\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Jak v\u00edme, dru\u017eina a pozd\u011bji \u010desk\u00e9 legie slou\u017eily v\u00a0r\u00e1mci rusk\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. S\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, tentokr\u00e1t putinovsk\u00e1, v\u00a0dob\u011b odhalen\u00ed desky ji\u017e obsadila Krym a bezohledn\u011b bombardovala z\u00a0Grad\u016f obr\u00e1nce Ukrajiny a obce na Donbasu. Tolerantn\u00ed Ukrajinci v\u0161ak nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1mitky proti uct\u011bn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky \u010desk\u00fdch vlastenc\u016f v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b. Po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b se v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b objevila ulice a pam\u011btn\u00ed deska p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed V\u00e1clava Havla. Ulice po spisovateli Jaroslavu Ha\u0161kovi maj\u00ed v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b a Lvov\u011b, odned\u00e1vna tak\u00e9 v\u00a0Muka\u010devu. V\u00a0Chustu byla v\u00a0b\u0159eznu minul\u00e9ho roku odhalena pam\u011btn\u00ed deska prezidentu Masarykovi, podobn\u00e1 se pl\u00e1nuje i v\u00a0Muka\u010devu. Letos byla odhalena pam\u011btn\u00ed deska i na budov\u011b b\u00fdval\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161koly v\u00a0Lucku. Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b 14.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna se v\u00a0obci Svitanok na \u010cernihivsku vzd\u00e1vaj\u00ed pocty pades\u00e1tce voj\u00e1k\u016f z\u00a0arm\u00e1dy Ludv\u00edka Svobody, kte\u0159\u00ed tu padli za Druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, funguje tak\u00e9 muzeum ukrajinsko-\u010desko-slovensk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed. Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed padl\u00fdch prob\u00edh\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fdch 5\u00a0let v\u00a0b\u0159eznu na Charkovsku, kde se u\u00a0obce Sokolove \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 brig\u00e1da pustila do boje s\u00a0hitlerovsk\u00fdmi okupanty. Ct\u011bny a restaurov\u00e1ny jsou hroby \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f v\u00a0B\u00edl\u00e9 Cerkv\u011b nebo na Lukjanivsk\u00e9m vojensk\u00e9m h\u0159bitov\u011b v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b. V\u00a0hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b se dochovala dokonce ulice Julia Fu\u010d\u00edka, \u010desk\u00e9ho prosov\u011btsk\u00e9ho novin\u00e1\u0159e umu\u010den\u00e9ho gestap\u00e1ky, jen\u017e se stal modlou komunistick\u00e9 ideologie a jeho\u017e kult byl v\u00a0\u010cesku ji\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159ekon\u00e1n. Ve v\u00fd\u010dtu \u010desk\u00fdch historick\u00fdch postav, kter\u00e9 jsou na Ukrajin\u011b v\u00a0\u00fact\u011b, m\u016f\u017eeme st\u00e1le pokra\u010dovat. Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee by vznikla podobn\u00e1 situace jako na Ol\u0161ansk\u00fdch h\u0159bitovech v\u00a0Praze, kdy byly ostatky Ukrajince Oleksandra Olese a jeho man\u017eelky vyta\u017eeny z\u00a0hrobu, a st\u00e1t nedok\u00e1zal v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd odpo\u010dinek t\u011bchto v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed ochr\u00e1nit. Nebo jako v\u00a0rusk\u00e9 Sama\u0159e, kde se ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let neda\u0159\u00ed postavit pomn\u00edk \u010desk\u00fdm legion\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, proto\u017ee se jim tu st\u00e1le hanliv\u011b p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1 \u201eb\u011blo\u010de\u0161i\u201c a na ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed pomn\u00edky se p\u00ed\u0161ou ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dn\u00e9 d\u011bjiny maj\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i kontroverzn\u00ed postavy. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee z\u0159\u00eddit v\u00a0Chustu pam\u011btn\u00ed desku gener\u00e1lovi Lvu Prchalovi, kter\u00fd t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed ma\u010farskou invaz\u00ed vydal rozkaz odzbrojit si\u010dov\u00e9 st\u0159elce, by bylo opravdu problematick\u00e9. Rozpor mezi Ukrajinci a \u010cechy vznikl jen kolem pam\u011btn\u00ed desky ve Zborov\u011b na Ternopilsku, kde Kyjev trv\u00e1 na v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b slova \u201eslovansk\u00e9\u201c na \u201eukrajinsk\u00e9\u201c.<\/p>\n

A co se t\u00fd\u010de nov\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016f ulic, aby zn\u011bly ukrajinsky… Jak jinak by m\u011bly zn\u00edt n\u00e1zvy ulic na Ukrajin\u011b? St\u00e1le po bol\u0161evicku? Ulice, t\u0159\u00eddy a n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Lenina skute\u010dn\u011b nahradily bu\u010f historick\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy, nebo nov\u00e9, jako je nap\u0159. n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Soborna (Katedr\u00e1ln\u00ed) v\u00a0\u010cerkasech. V\u00a0mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech ulice z\u00edskaly n\u00e1zvy po mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnostech, nap\u0159. Jerzyho Giedroyce a Lecha Kaczi\u0144sk\u00e9ho v\u00a0\u017dytomyru, T.\u00a0G.\u00a0Masaryka v\u00a0U\u017ehorod\u011b a Lvov\u011b, Borise N\u011bmcova v\u00a0Lucku… Mnoho ulic dostalo celkem l\u00edbiv\u011b zn\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed n\u00e1zvy: Abrykosova (Meru\u0148kov\u00e1), Vynohradna (Hroznov\u00e1), Jahidna (Bobulov\u00e1) apod. P\u0159esto ukrajinofobov\u00e9 nejv\u00edc vyk\u0159ikuj\u00ed o\u00a0ulic\u00edch Bandery a \u0160uchevy\u010de, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vzbuzuj\u00ed dojem, jako by se na Ukrajin\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy ned\u00e1valy.<\/p>\n

Spekulativn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed \u010d.\u00a08: o\u00a0pomn\u00edc\u00edch a ulic\u00edch<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0m\u011bstech rostou Banderovy pomn\u00edky… Za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kdy\u017e vyr\u016fstal ukrajinsk\u00fd nacionalismus spojen\u00fd s\u00a0osobnost\u00ed jeho ideov\u00e9ho v\u016fdce St\u011bpana Bandery, tak to bylo n\u011bco stra\u0161n\u00e9ho. A dnes je velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, jak se tyto ud\u00e1losti za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed p\u0159episovat.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Celkem na Ukrajin\u011b stoj\u00ed cca 40\u00a0pomn\u00edk\u016f a bust Stepana Bandery, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ve t\u0159ech hali\u010dsk\u00fdch oblastech, ojedin\u011ble na Volyn\u00ed a Podol\u00ed. Pojmenov\u00e1no po n\u011bm bylo cca 75\u00a0ulic a uli\u010dek a dv\u011b t\u0159\u00eddy. Je to mnoho, nebo m\u00e1lo? Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed uve\u010fme ty nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady. T\u0159eba v\u00a0roce 2013 bylo na Ukrajin\u011b cca 2.200\u00a0pomn\u00edk\u016f bol\u0161evick\u00e9mu v\u016fdci Leninovi. Dokonce i nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fd b\u00e1sn\u00edk Taras \u0160ev\u010denko m\u00e1 po\u010det pomn\u00edk\u016f polovi\u010dn\u00ed. Dnes, po dekomunizaci, je \u201eLenin\u016f\u201c 328\u00a0ks, z\u00a0toho 294\u00a0ks na \u00fazem\u00ed Donbasu a Krymu, kter\u00e9 okupuje Rusko. P\u0159ed 5 a\u017e 6\u00a0lety bylo na Ukrajin\u011b cca 500\u00a0ulic Lenina, a to jen ve m\u011bstech, po vesnic\u00edch jich byly tis\u00edce. Ulic pojmenovan\u00fdch po r\u016fzn\u00fdch bol\u0161evick\u00fdch \u010dinitel\u00edch bylo 20x v\u00edce ne\u017e ulic s\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy. Tak\u017ee tis\u00edce p\u0159ipom\u00ednek zakladatele sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd vra\u017edil lidi po milionech v\u00a0r\u00e1mci hladomor\u016f a repres\u00ed, pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e9 nevadily. Vad\u00ed j\u00ed v\u0161ak n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek soch Bandery, kter\u00fd byl v\u011bzn\u011bn v\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9m koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e Sachsenhausen kv\u016fli snah\u00e1m o\u00a0obnoven\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Na druhou stranu se na Ukrajin\u011b nad\u00e1le t\u011b\u0161\u00ed \u00fact\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 osobnosti, jako je Alexandr Pu\u0161kin, Michail Lermontov, Lev Tolstoj, Ilja Repin a dal\u0161\u00ed. Ulice, pomn\u00edky, bysty \u010di pam\u011btn\u00ed desky p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed tyto lidi najdeme snad v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m ukrajinsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b, v\u011bt\u0161inou nebyly nikdy p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1ny ani odstran\u011bny.<\/p>\n

Kontroverzn\u00edch pomn\u00edk\u016f a tabulek je dost i v\u00a0jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Existuj\u00ed osobnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou pro jeden n\u00e1rod hrdiny, zat\u00edmco jin\u00fd je zatracuje. Nemysl\u00edm t\u0159eba, \u017ee by pro n\u011bmeck\u00e9 turisty p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b \u010ceska bylo p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 chodit po ulic\u00edch a n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00edch pojmenovan\u00fdch po prezidentovi Edvardu Bene\u0161ovi, kter\u00fd po v\u00e1lce vydal dekrety, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b byli jejich krajan\u00e9 krut\u011b odsunuti ze Sudet. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro J\u00f3zefa Pi\u0142sudsk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd se v\u00a0Polsku v\u0161ude t\u011b\u0161\u00ed \u00fact\u011b. Navzdory spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0Petljurou mu Ukrajinci jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed polo\u017e\u00ed kv\u011btiny, proto\u017ee v\u011bd\u00ed o\u00a0tvrd\u00e9 \u201epacifikaci\u201c ukrajinsk\u00fdch obyvatel Hali\u010de za\u010d\u00e1tkem 1930.\u00a0let, kterou prov\u00e1d\u011bl. Ani Slov\u00e1ci nemaj\u00ed definitivn\u011b jasno, jak vn\u00edmat hlavu tzv.\u00a0Slovensk\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu v\u00a0letech 1939 a\u017e 1945 J\u00f3zefa Tisa: jedni \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za odsun \u017did\u016f a v\u016fbec \u201ebyl fa\u0161ista\u201c, jin\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 \u017ee zachr\u00e1nil alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st Slovenska p\u0159ed rozd\u011blen\u00edm mezi Ma\u010farsko, N\u011bmecko a Polsko a stal se \u201emu\u010dedn\u00edkem za v\u00edru\u201c. Podobn\u011b to vypad\u00e1 i s\u00a0regentem Ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Mikl\u00f3sem Horthym, kter\u00fd \u00fazce spolupracoval s\u00a0Hitlerem a vydal rozkaz k\u00a0\u00fatoku na \u010ceskoslovensko, za v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho zlo\u010dince v\u0161ak prohl\u00e1\u0161en nebyl, klidn\u011b do\u017eil v\u00a0Portugalsku a byl s\u00a0poctami znovu poh\u0159ben v\u00a0Ma\u010farsku.<\/p>\n

P\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin praktikovali i komunist\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed po cel\u00fdch 60\u00a0let dennodenn\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm agit\u00e1tor\u016f hl\u00e1sali v\u00a0u\u010debnic\u00edch a tisku hr\u016fzy o\u00a0\u201eukrajinsk\u00fdch bur\u017eoazn\u00edch nacionalistech\u201c. Dnes v\u0161ak otev\u0159en\u00e9 archivy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a odhalovat pravdu. Pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e1 hodn\u011b vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci ukrajinsk\u00fdch nacionalist\u016f s\u00a0N\u011bmci. Podobn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce skute\u010dn\u011b prob\u00edhala v\u00a0letech 1941 a\u017e 1942. S\u00a0N\u011bmci v\u0161ak spolupracovali i Sov\u011bti, kte\u0159\u00ed s\u00a0nimi v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1939 rozd\u011blili Polsko, ba dokonce i samotn\u00e9 Polsko, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0nimi za\u00fato\u010dilo na \u010cSR o\u00a0p\u016flroku d\u0159\u00edve. Pol\u00e1ci slou\u017eili tak\u00e9 v\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdch pomocn\u00fdch jednotk\u00e1ch, Schutzmannschaftech. Nikde se v\u0161ak nep\u00ed\u0161e t\u0159eba o\u00a0poprav\u011b 621\u00a0Ukrajinc\u016f, mezi nimi\u017e byla zn\u00e1m\u00e1 b\u00e1sn\u00ed\u0159ka Olena Teliha, v\u00a0kyjevsk\u00e9m Bab\u00edm jaru na ja\u0159e 1942, nebo o\u00a0masov\u00e9m zat\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed banderovc\u016f Gestapem v\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu a\u017e listopadu 1942 a poprav\u011b 210 z\u00a0nich. O\u00a0vysl\u00e1n\u00ed 23\u00a0banderovc\u016f n\u011bmeckou bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed polici\u00ed v\u00a0\u010dervenci 1942 do koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora Auschwitz, kde v\u0161ichni zem\u0159eli, dva z\u00a0nich\u017e byli brat\u0159\u00ed Stepana Bandery. O\u00a0zat\u010den\u00ed 18\u00a0aktivist\u016f lvovsk\u00e9 referentury OUN(b) v\u00a0prosinci 1942, kter\u00e9 Gestapo mu\u010dilo. Podobn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f bylo velmi mnoho, ve skute\u010dnosti mezi budouc\u00ed UPA a hitlerovci ji\u017e od roku 1942 prob\u00edhal v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd konflikt. Dejme tomu, Ukrajinsk\u00fd \u00fastav n\u00e1rodn\u00ed pam\u011bti nikdy netvrdil, \u017ee se trag\u00e9die na Volyni v\u00a0roce 1943 nikdy nestala nebo \u017ee se na n\u00ed ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed povstalci nepod\u00edleli. Kyjev uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 etnick\u00e9 \u010distky mezi Pol\u00e1ky a Ukrajinci jako vz\u00e1jemnou trag\u00e9dii, k\u00a0jej\u00edmu\u017e vyprovokov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bli okupanti, jak n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed, tak sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed. Prezidenti Ukrajiny a Polska, skute\u010dn\u00ed historici a ob\u010dan\u0161t\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 se dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta sna\u017e\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout porozum\u011bn\u00ed a sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed podle z\u00e1sady \u201epros\u00edme o\u00a0odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a odpou\u0161t\u00edme\u201c, v\u017edy se v\u0161ak najdou provokat\u00e9\u0159i, nez\u0159\u00eddka prorusky sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nenechaj\u00ed r\u00e1ny se zahojit a rok co rok st\u00e1le brut\u00e1ln\u011bji popisuj\u00ed \u201ezlo\u010diny banderovc\u016f\u201c, ospravedl\u0148uj\u00ed akce polsk\u00e9 Zemsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a navy\u0161uj\u00ed po\u010dty \u201enevinn\u00fdch polsk\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fdch sadist\u016f\u201c na stotis\u00edce.<\/p>\n

Le\u017e \u010d.\u00a09: o\u00a0ru\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n

…z\u00e1kaz mluvit rusky na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch m\u00edstech, … \u0161krt\u00e1n\u00ed slov ze slovn\u00edku a jejich v\u00fdm\u011bna jen proto, \u017ee zn\u011bj\u00ed moc rusky… Nikdo v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b se neodv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0159\u00edkat nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e to, co tvrd\u00ed nacionalist\u00e9.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Ud\u00e1lost p\u0159\u00edmo vyvracej\u00edc\u00ed Martinkov\u00e9 bludy o ru\u0161tin\u011b: otev\u0159en\u00ed par\u010d\u00edku v Kyjev\u011b pojmenovan\u00e9ho po rusk\u00e9m obh\u00e1jci lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v Borisu N\u011bmcovovi 15. b\u0159ezna 2019. Tabule obsahuje n\u00e1pisy v ukrajin\u0161tin\u011b, ru\u0161tin\u011b a angli\u010dtin\u011b. Na fotce je kyjevsk\u00fd prim\u00e1tor Vitalij Kly\u010dko a dcera Borise N\u011bmcova \u017danna.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Nikdo nikde a nikdy nevydal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz mluvit rusky. Na \u0161kol\u00e1ch se ru\u0161tina ve velk\u00e9m vyu\u010duje jako \u201edruh\u00fd ciz\u00ed jazyk\u201c, ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech ru\u0161tina v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 komunikaci st\u00e1le dominuje. Na r\u00e1di\u00edch plat\u00ed kv\u00f3ty na\u0159izuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee nejm\u00e9n\u011b t\u0159etina p\u00edsn\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00a0ukrajin\u0161tin\u011b, co\u017e dalo podn\u011bt k\u00a0objeven\u00ed nov\u00fdch talent\u016f. V\u00a0ukrajin\u0161tin\u011b se prom\u00edtaj\u00ed filmy v\u00a0kinech, na to si v\u0161ak u\u017e nikdo nest\u011b\u017euje, ani ti rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed, proto\u017ee ve m\u011bstech jako je Dnipro, Charkov nebo Z\u00e1poro\u017e\u00ed, dokonce i v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b je to jedna z\u00a0m\u00e1la p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed sly\u0161et \u017eivou spisovnou ukrajinskou \u0159e\u010d. Parlament pr\u00e1v\u011b projedn\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00fd jazykov\u00fd z\u00e1kon. Je faktem, \u017ee se ukrajin\u0161tina v\u00a0ulic\u00edch m\u011bst oz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dast\u011bji, nicm\u00e9n\u011b k\u00a0\u00farovni pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010de\u0161tiny nap\u0159. v\u00a0Praze to m\u00e1 st\u00e1le velmi daleko. Polovinu (na televiz\u00edch) a\u017e 90\u00a0% (v\u00a0tisku a na internetu) informac\u00ed Ukrajinci dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00a0ru\u0161tin\u011b. Postaven\u00ed ru\u0161tiny se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt jist\u00e9 ve \u0161kolk\u00e1ch, na \u0161kol\u00e1ch, v\u00a0podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, sportu, na policii, ba dokonce i v\u00a0arm\u00e1d\u011b. Nejen v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b, ale dokonce i v\u00a0\u201enacionalistick\u00e9m\u201c (ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak dnes sp\u00ed\u0161e turistick\u00e9m) Lvov\u011b \u010dasto zaslechneme ru\u0161tinu nejen od host\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 od barman\u016f, prodava\u010d\u016f nebo poradc\u016f v\u00a0n\u00e1kupn\u00edch st\u0159edisc\u00edch, l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f \u010di l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edk\u016f, pr\u016fvod\u010d\u00edch a \u0159idi\u010d\u016f MHD, person\u00e1lu ochranky firem a byt\u016f, turistick\u00fdch pr\u016fvodc\u016f atd. N\u011bkdy se sna\u017e\u00ed mluvit na z\u00e1kazn\u00edky ukrajinsky, v\u00fdsledkem je v\u0161ak obvykle jak\u00e1si sm\u011bsice, j\u00ed\u017e se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201esur\u017eyk\u201c (nap\u0159. p\u0159i p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed dobr\u00e9 chuti se \u0159ekne \u201epryjemnoho\u201c, co\u017e je jako p\u0159es kop\u00edr\u00e1k z\u00a0rusk\u00e9ho \u201eprijatnogo appetita\u201c, spr\u00e1vn\u011b ukrajinsky je toti\u017e \u201esma\u010dnoho\u201c). Samostatn\u00e1 Ukrajina existuje ji\u017e bezm\u00e1la 30\u00a0let, d\u016fsledkem nedbal\u00e9ho postoje k\u00a0rodn\u00e9mu jazyku ze strany st\u00e1tu v\u0161ak je, \u017ee ho \u010d\u00e1st ml\u00e1de\u017ee bu\u010f neum\u00ed, nebo um\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b, pop\u0159. sice um\u00ed, p\u0159esto nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, proto\u017ee m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee ru\u0161tina je v\u00edc \u201ein\u201c. Kdyby tato situace trvala i nad\u00e1le, ukrajin\u0161tinu by potkal osud b\u011bloru\u0161tiny nebo ir\u0161tiny, kter\u00e9 byly z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 komunikace vytla\u010deny jazyky v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch soused\u016f, ru\u0161tinou a angli\u010dtinou. Podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se ve sv\u00fdch zem\u00edch ochra\u0148uj\u00ed francouz\u0161tina a slovin\u0161tina. Pro p\u0159\u00edklad v\u0161ak nemus\u00edme chodit daleko: podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159ece p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e sto lety mohla z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota zmizet i \u010de\u0161tina. Praha by dnes mluvila n\u011bmecky, neb\u00fdt vzniku \u010ceskoslovenska, kdy se za\u010dala v\u0161ude \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bt \u010de\u0161tina. I \u010de\u0161tina je p\u0159ece chr\u00e1n\u011bna p\u0159ed cizojazy\u010dn\u00fdmi vlivy, ze slovn\u00edku se vy\u0159azuj\u00ed ciz\u00ed v\u00fdrazy jako je \u201ecomputer\u201c nebo \u201etheater\u201c a nam\u00edsto nich se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed bohemismy \u201epo\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u201c a \u201edivadlo\u201c.<\/p>\n

Projevy v\u00a0ru\u0161tin\u011b nejsou na Ukrajin\u011b v\u00edt\u00e1ny snad jedin\u011b na p\u016fd\u011b parlamentu: p\u0159edseda Andrij Parubij v\u00a0podobn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech dokonce vyp\u00edn\u00e1 mikrofony a trv\u00e1 na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edho jazyka. Nic divn\u00e9ho na tom nen\u00ed, v\u00a0obou komor\u00e1ch Parlamentu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky se p\u0159ece tak\u00e9 vyhla\u0161uj\u00ed projevy v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b. V\u00a0Rusku jak zdej\u0161\u00ed nelegitimn\u00ed parlament, tak ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady po cel\u00e9 federaci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze ru\u0161tinu. Jazyky n\u00e1rodn\u00edch men\u0161in sice maj\u00ed v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch autonomi\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed postaven\u00ed, prakticky se v\u0161ak nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, leda tak v\u00a0lidov\u00fdch p\u00edsn\u00edch. Rusifikace nep\u0159inesla n\u00e1rod\u016fm v\u00edce znalost\u00ed, pouze jim zabr\u00e1nila rozv\u00edjet autentickou kulturu.<\/p>\n

Le\u017e \u010d.\u00a010: o\u00a0\u201ehodn\u00fdch Ukrajinc\u00edch\u201c<\/h2>\n

T\u00edm v\u0161ak nechci \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee by na Ukrajin\u011b bylo v\u0161e \u0161patn\u011b. Zn\u00e1m mnoho Ukrajinc\u016f tam a v\u00a0\u010cesku, kte\u0159\u00ed skv\u011ble pracuj\u00ed… M\u00e1m tu zem a jej\u00ed lidi r\u00e1da, Ukrajinci jsou vn\u00edm\u00e1ni u\u00a0n\u00e1s i na z\u00e1pad od n\u00e1s jako dob\u0159\u00ed a pracovit\u00ed lid\u00e9.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A\u017e na tuto v\u011btu v\u00a0rozhovoru jinak nezazn\u011blo v\u016fbec nic pozitivn\u00edho o\u00a0Ukrajinc\u00edch. Pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e1 si op\u011bt proti\u0159e\u010d\u00ed a v\u0161ude v\u00a0rozhovoru l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed, jak je na Ukrajin\u011b v\u0161e \u0161patn\u011b, \u201ehr\u016fza\u201c, \u201est\u00e1le hor\u0161\u00ed\u201c, \u201ebeznad\u011bjn\u00e9\u201c nebo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edvlastky. V\u00fdrok o\u00a0\u00fadajn\u00e9 \u201el\u00e1sce k\u00a0t\u00e9to zemi\u201c nen\u00ed nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e pokrytectv\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1sku \u201epo putinovsku\u201c, co\u017e znamen\u00e1: m\u00e1m r\u00e1da \u201ehodn\u00e9\u201c Ukrajince, kdy\u017e po malorusku pokorn\u011b p\u0159isluhuj\u00ed nebo pln\u00ed rozkazy. Nebo l\u00e1sku patrici\u016f k\u00a0sv\u00fdm plebej\u016fm, tzn. kdy\u017e \u201epracovit\u00e1 uk\u00e1\u010dka\u201c pouze potichu a levn\u011b makaj\u00ed na t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch stavb\u00e1ch, myj\u00ed n\u00e1dob\u00ed, poslu\u0161n\u011b ukl\u00edzej\u00ed pokoje nebo d\u011blaj\u00ed jinou \u0161pinavou pr\u00e1ci. A tak\u00e9 by m\u011bli \u201ehodn\u00ed Ukrajinci\u201c v\u017edy naslouchat ciz\u00edmu pou\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159izn\u00e1vat svou vinu ze v\u0161eho mo\u017en\u00e9ho a v\u0161em se omlouvat. A je\u0161t\u011b se m\u016f\u017eeme posm\u00edvat jejich ban\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u00edsni\u010dk\u00e1m \u201e\u00e0 la V\u011brka Ser\u010fu\u010dka\u201c… Ukrajinci v\u00a0ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed podobn\u00fdch pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00fdch patrn\u011b nemaj\u00ed n\u00e1rok ani na vlastn\u00ed d\u011bjiny, ani pr\u00e1vo si zvolit vlastn\u00ed hrdiny, mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo \u201eps\u00e1t a malovat\u201c, jak uvedl rusk\u00fd car Mikul\u00e1\u0161\u00a0I. v\u00a0nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9m na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k\u00a0odvodu Tarase \u0160ev\u010denka na vojnu.<\/p>\n

Tis\u00edce \u010cech\u016f ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed Ukrajinu: turisti, podnikatel\u00e9, studenti, pedagogov\u00e9, v\u011bdci nebo dobrovoln\u00edci… Dojmy z\u00a0toho maj\u00ed pochopiteln\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v\u0161ak pozitivn\u00ed, mnoho jich pak p\u0159ijede znovu, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se dokonce pokou\u0161ej\u00ed za\u0159\u00eddit si na Ukrajin\u011b domov. Ale kdy\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9ho hosta zem\u011b roz\u010diluje, kdy\u017e ji vid\u00ed jen v\u00a0\u010dern\u00fdch barv\u00e1ch, pak pro\u010d sem jezd\u00ed? Jen aby tr\u00e1pil a znerv\u00f3z\u0148oval sebe a ostatn\u00ed? Aby ji pak pomlouval ve sp\u0159\u00e1telen\u00e9m bulv\u00e1ru? Mohl by t\u0159eba svou \u010dinnost, nap\u0159. p\u00e9\u010di o\u00a0hroby, p\u0159enechat n\u011bkomu jin\u00e9mu, kdo bude na r\u016fzn\u00e9 kontroverzn\u00ed str\u00e1nky reagovat klidn\u011bji a diplomati\u010dt\u011bji. A pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e1 by mezit\u00edm mohla v\u00a0klidu u\u00a0sebe doma nebo v\u00a0knihovn\u011b z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch stran prozkoumat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 okolnosti ud\u00e1lost\u00ed jak sou\u010dasn\u00fdch, tak t\u011bch 80\u00a0let star\u00fdch, a nemusela by je tak vn\u00edmat jen prizmatem sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch \u00fazce zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch a \u00fazce specializovan\u00fdch pohled\u016f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b takov\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 historismus nebo historicismus.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Oleksa Livinskyj<\/a>, \u010dasopis Porohy<\/a>
\nZdroj: UAPORTAL.CZ<\/a>, 4.\u00a0\u010dervna 2019
\nTituln\u00ed foto: Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR<\/a>
\nP\u0159eklad: Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

na uk\u00e1zce rozhovoru Dagmar Martinkov\u00e9 pro Mladou frontu dnes Kdy\u017e jsem v\u00a0roce 1999 poprv\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161el do Prahy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":7312,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[523,516,520,754],"tags":[150,594,5057,476],"class_list":["post-7311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analytics","category-all-news","category-misc","category-spolecnost-all-news","tag-informacni-valka","tag-propaganda","tag-protiukrajinska-propaganda","tag-ruska-propaganda"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDeset smy\u0161lenek a spekulac\u00ed o Ukrajin\u011b v \u010desk\u00e9m tisku - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/deset-smyslenek-a-spekulaci-o-ukrajine-v-ceskem-tisku\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Deset smy\u0161lenek a spekulac\u00ed o Ukrajin\u011b v \u010desk\u00e9m tisku - 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InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/deset-smyslenek-a-spekulaci-o-ukrajine-v-ceskem-tisku\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Deset smy\u0161lenek a spekulac\u00ed o Ukrajin\u011b v \u010desk\u00e9m tisku - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)","og_description":"na uk\u00e1zce rozhovoru Dagmar Martinkov\u00e9 pro Mladou frontu dnes Kdy\u017e jsem v\u00a0roce 1999 poprv\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161el do Prahy...","og_url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/deset-smyslenek-a-spekulaci-o-ukrajine-v-ceskem-tisku\/","og_site_name":"InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)","article_published_time":"2019-06-17T10:08:42+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":400,"url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/06\/Deset-smy\u0161lenek-a-spekulac\u00ed-o-Ukrajin\u011b-v-\u010desk\u00e9m-tisku.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"svatoslav","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"svatoslav","Est. reading time":"33 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/deset-smyslenek-a-spekulaci-o-ukrajine-v-ceskem-tisku\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/deset-smyslenek-a-spekulaci-o-ukrajine-v-ceskem-tisku\/"},"author":{"name":"svatoslav","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/df2cf86bd5e35ae01a82d1108d3c5f51"},"headline":"Deset smy\u0161lenek a spekulac\u00ed o Ukrajin\u011b v \u010desk\u00e9m tisku","datePublished":"2019-06-17T10:08:42+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/deset-smyslenek-a-spekulaci-o-ukrajine-v-ceskem-tisku\/"},"wordCount":6601,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/deset-smyslenek-a-spekulaci-o-ukrajine-v-ceskem-tisku\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/06\/Deset-smy\u0161lenek-a-spekulac\u00ed-o-Ukrajin\u011b-v-\u010desk\u00e9m-tisku.jpg","keywords":["informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lka","propaganda","protiukrajinsk\u00e1 propaganda","rusk\u00e1 propaganda"],"articleSection":["Analytika","Novinky","R\u016fzn\u00e9","Spole\u010dnost"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/deset-smyslenek-a-spekulaci-o-ukrajine-v-ceskem-tisku\/","url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/deset-smyslenek-a-spekulaci-o-ukrajine-v-ceskem-tisku\/","name":"Deset smy\u0161lenek a spekulac\u00ed o Ukrajin\u011b v \u010desk\u00e9m tisku - 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Ne\u0161lo dokonce ani o\u00a0to, aby \u010dl\u00e1nek by objektivn\u00ed, seri\u00f3zn\u00ed \u010di pozitivn\u00ed, ale v\u016fbec o\u00a0jak\u00fdkoliv. Jako kdyby pro \u010desk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia tehdy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 Ukrajina neexistovala. Psalo se o\u00a0n\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddkakdy, a to jen ve smyslu, \u017ee m\u011blo j\u00edt o\u00a0zemi chudou, dod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance a kriminalitu. V\u00a0pon\u011bkud \u201eveselej\u0161\u00edm\u201c pod\u00e1n\u00ed se prezentovalo snad jen t\u00e9ma sportu a v\u0161e kolem Kolo\u010davy a Nikoly \u0160uhaje. \u010casy se v\u0161ak zm\u011bnily. Majdany v\u00a0letech 2004 a 2013\u20132014 kone\u010dn\u011b upoutaly pozornost \u010desk\u00e9ho tisku v\u016f\u010di Ukrajin\u011b. Zaujatost ov\u0161em nikam nezmizela, a to ani u\u00a0seri\u00f3zn\u00edch vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b dokonce natolik pos\u00edlila, \u017ee se mus\u00edm uch\u00fdlit ke kritice publikace v\u00a0u\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 Mlad\u00e9 front\u011b DNES. I kdy\u017e u\u017e tehdy m\u011b p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 a kolegov\u00e9 upozor\u0148ovali, \u017ee za seri\u00f3zn\u00ed lze toto m\u00e9dium pokl\u00e1dat jen relativn\u011b.<\/strong><!--more-->\r\n\r\nJak na Ukrajin\u011b, tak v\u00a0\u010cesku m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00e1vo vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor, pohled \u010di interpretaci. P\u0159itom je v\u0161ak nutno respektovat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed fakta, pou\u017e\u00edvat seri\u00f3zn\u00ed argumentaci a projevovat \u00factu k\u00a0ostatn\u00edm, stejn\u011b tak se vyh\u00fdbat ur\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m, zejm\u00e9na etnicky motivovan\u00fdm. Reagovat na n\u011bjak\u00e9 publikace v\u00a0jin\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch nen\u00ed v\u00a0novin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, nicm\u00e9n\u011b rozhovor, kter\u00fd poskytla Ladislavu Henkovi p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Sdru\u017een\u00ed \u010cech\u016f z\u00a0Volyn\u011b a jejich p\u0159\u00e1tel, histori\u010dka Dagmar Martinkov\u00e1, p\u0159ekro\u010dil ve\u0161ker\u00e9 meze slu\u0161nosti a vy\u017eaduje reakci. Tomuto povrchn\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku nejen\u017ee zcela chyb\u00ed etika a \u00facta k\u00a0jin\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu, ale je tu tak\u00e9 spousta nepravd a oby\u010dejn\u00fdch nesmysl\u016f. U\u017e jen samotn\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee dva \u010de\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch novin\u00e1ch, s\u00a0prominut\u00edm, h\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0161p\u00ednu na Ukrajinu a Ukrajince, p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 obl\u00edbenou \u010dinnost xenofob\u016f: mluvit \u201eo\u00a0n\u00e1s bez n\u00e1s\u201c. N\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho je norm\u00e1ln\u00ed leda tak pro ruskou st\u00e1tn\u00ed televizi nebo propagandistick\u00fd pl\u00e1tek komunist\u016f Hal\u00f3 noviny, na kter\u00e9 se nem\u00e1 smysl ani ohl\u00ed\u017eet.\r\n\r\nPan\u00ed histori\u010dka \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dasto jezd\u00ed na Ukrajinu, kde komunikuje jak s\u00a0\u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky, tak s\u00a0oby\u010dejn\u00fdmi lidmi. Takto z\u00edskan\u00e9 informace a vlastn\u00ed dojmy p\u0159evypr\u00e1v\u011bla p\u00e1nu redaktorovi. Patrn\u011b nikoli bez jeho \u00fa\u010dasti se tu se\u0161lo prakticky pln\u00e9 spektrum dne\u0161n\u00edho p\u0159ekrucov\u00e1n\u00ed a stereotyp\u016f ohledn\u011b Ukrajinc\u016f, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 kompletn\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed si na\u0161el produkt prorusko-komunistick\u00e9 \u201etov\u00e1rny na l\u017ei\u201c. Jak moc v\u011bdeck\u00e9 je pro v\u011bdce sb\u00edrat klepy a d\u00e1le je interpretovat, t\u0159eba jen v\u00a0kr\u010dm\u011b u\u00a0vodky, nechme stranou. Vyvr\u00e1cen\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stoprocentn\u00edho rozporu tohoto rozhovoru se skute\u010dnost\u00ed by vydalo snad na cel\u00fd \u010dasopis. Zam\u011b\u0159me se alespo\u0148 na hlavn\u00ed, m\u00edrn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, kontroverze, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0n\u011bm zazn\u011bly.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"720\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/public\/advalbum_photo\/d2\/56\/567c_719a.jpg?c=3dcf\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/public\/advalbum_photo\/d2\/56\/567c_719a.jpg?c=3dcf\" width=\"720\" height=\"293\" \/><\/a> Screenshot prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti rozhovoru Dagmar Martinkov\u00e9 v Mlad\u00e9 front\u011b DNES[\/caption]\r\n<h2>Le\u017e \u010d.\u00a01: o\u00a0decentralizaci<\/h2>\r\n<blockquote><em>Sl\u00fdch\u00e1m \u010dasto, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina pen\u011bz, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ijdou do centra, jsou jednodu\u0161e rozkradeny. To ne\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed jen b\u011b\u017en\u00ed Ukrajinci, mluv\u00ed tak i z\u00e1stupci guberni\u00ed, m\u011bst a obc\u00ed. \u0158ada ukrajinsk\u00fdch m\u011bst m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem o\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0t\u011bmi \u010desk\u00fdmi. Ale zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee cht\u011bj\u00ed spolupracovat v\u00fdhradn\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo, v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nesm\u00ed j\u00edt finan\u010dn\u00ed styk p\u0159es vl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady. Na ot\u00e1zku \u201epro\u010d\u201c odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed v\u017edy stejn\u011b: Proto\u017ee v\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fa\u0159adech se pen\u00edze ztrat\u00ed a k\u00a0n\u00e1m nedoputuje nic.<\/em><\/blockquote>\r\n<strong>Za prv\u00e9<\/strong>, r\u00e1d bych pan\u00ed histori\u010dce p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee Ukrajina na rozd\u00edl od carsk\u00e9ho Ruska nem\u00e1 gubernie ani gubern\u00e1tory. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi \u00fazemn\u011bspr\u00e1vn\u00edmi celky jsou na Ukrajin\u011b oblasti.\r\n<strong>Za druh\u00e9<\/strong>, ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 2015 byla na Ukrajin\u011b zah\u00e1jena decentralizace, kter\u00e1 p\u0159enesla na org\u00e1ny m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy mnoho pravomoc\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na finan\u010dn\u00edch. T\u0159eba stejn\u011b jako p\u0159ed \u010dasem v\u00a0\u010cesku vznikaj\u00ed sdru\u017een\u00e9 \u00fazemn\u00ed komunity, v\u00a0jejich\u017e rozpo\u010dtech z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 85\u00a0%\u00a0vybran\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f: pozemkov\u00e1 da\u0148, da\u0148 z\u00a0nemovitost\u00ed, 100\u00a0%\u00a0pau\u0161\u00e1ln\u00edch dan\u00ed z\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, firem a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, 60\u00a0%\u00a0dan\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f fyzick\u00fdch osob, registra\u010dn\u00ed poplatky apod. To umo\u017e\u0148uje obc\u00edm opravit mate\u0159sk\u00e9 a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly, vybudovat nov\u00e9 ambulance nebo dokonce z\u0159\u00eddit pouli\u010dn\u00ed osv\u011btlen\u00ed. T\u0159eba obec Teterivka v\u00a0\u017dytomyrsk\u00e9 oblasti zrealizovala 13\u00a0projekt\u016f, od rekonstrukce \u0161kolky a\u017e po otev\u0159en\u00ed Centra poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. \u201eM\u00edstn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 moc kone\u010dn\u011b z\u00edskala pravomoci, o\u00a0nich\u017e se j\u00ed p\u0159edt\u00edm ani nezd\u00e1lo\u201c, uvedla p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b m\u00edstn\u00ed komunity Valentyna Ilnycka. <strong>Za t\u0159et\u00ed<\/strong>, pro partnerstv\u00ed mezi regiony neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd centralizovan\u00fd postup. T\u0159eba Zakarpatsk\u00e1 oblast a kraj Vyso\u010dina p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 10\u00a0lety z\u0159\u00eddily spole\u010dnou nadaci Viza a spole\u010dn\u011b opravuj\u00ed \u0161koly a \u0161kolky v\u00a0m\u011bste\u010dk\u00e1ch a obc\u00edch regionu, spole\u010dn\u011b rozhoduj\u00ed o\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00edch v\u00fddaj\u00edch ve v\u00fd\u0161i 5.000.000\u00a0K\u010d ro\u010dn\u011b, ani\u017e by musely \u010dekat na jak\u00e9koli odsouhlasen\u00ed s\u00a0Kyjevem \u010di Prahou. Jedin\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem Kyjeva bylo prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159i podeps\u00e1n\u00ed dohody v\u00a0roce 2008, \u017ee ukrajinsk\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed proti tomu nem\u00e1 n\u00e1mitek.\r\n<h2>Pochybn\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed a le\u017e \u010d.\u00a02: o\u00a0v\u00e1lce<\/h2>\r\n<blockquote><em>Ukrajinci jsou z\u00a0n\u00ed u\u017e unaveni, rozlad\u011bni, p\u0159ej\u00ed si, aby kone\u010dn\u011b skon\u010dila... nevid\u00ed d\u016fvod, pro\u010d by m\u011bli bojovat proti lidem na v\u00fdchod\u011b...<\/em><\/blockquote>\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"720\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/public\/advalbum_photo\/d4\/56\/567e_66c5.jpg?c=5378\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/public\/advalbum_photo\/d4\/56\/567e_66c5.jpg?c=5378\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" \/><\/a> Mnoho \"lid\u00ed na v\u00fdchod\u011b\" v\u00ed, \u017ee Don\u011bcko, Luhansko a Krym je Ukrajina. Mnoho z nich se pod\u00edlelo na protiteroristick\u00e9 operaci a pod\u00edl\u00ed se na Operaci spojen\u00fdch sil, kde br\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a \u00fazemn\u00ed integritu zem\u011b.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nUkrajinci nev\u00e1l\u010d\u00ed s\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi \u201elidmi na v\u00fdchod\u011b\u201c. Jde o\u00a0boj s\u00a0rusk\u00fdmi agresory, separatisty a zlo\u010dinci, kte\u0159\u00ed se dobrovoln\u011b \u010di nedobrovoln\u011b p\u0159idali na jejich stranu. A na tom nen\u00ed nic divn\u00e9ho. Se separatismem bojuje t\u0159eba \u010dlensk\u00e1 zem\u011b EU \u0160pan\u011blsko, boj proti terorismu ji\u017e mnoho let vede civilizovan\u00fd Izrael. A kdyby tak Ukrajinci nejednali, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b by sd\u00edleli osud \u010cechoslov\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed na podzim 1938 tak\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b se spojenci tou\u017eili po m\u00edru, neodv\u00e1\u017eili se bojovat a postoupili \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b o\u00a0p\u016flroku pozd\u011bji o\u00a0sv\u016fj st\u00e1t stejn\u011b p\u0159i\u0161li.\r\n\r\n\u017de si Ukrajinci p\u0159ej\u00ed m\u00edr, je rozhodn\u011b pravda, ale a\u017e po v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, nikoli po kapitulaci, po obnoven\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00edho po\u0159\u00e1dku na \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dnes okupuje Rusko a proru\u0161t\u00ed ozbrojenci. P\u0159ed anex\u00ed Krymu v\u00a0roce 2014 Ukrajina s\u00a0nik\u00fdm nev\u00e1l\u010dila a nepova\u017eovala v\u00e1lku za n\u011bco samo\u00fa\u010deln\u00e9ho. Na rozd\u00edl od Rus\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed podle pr\u016fzkum\u016f podporovali a st\u00e1le podporuj\u00ed postup sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v\u00a0Moldavsku, \u010ce\u010densku, Gruzii, na Ukrajin\u011b \u010di v\u00a0S\u00fdrii. Ukrajinci nikdy netou\u017eili po ni\u010dem ciz\u00edm, dobrovoln\u011b se vzd\u00e1t vlastn\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed v\u0161ak nehodlaj\u00ed.\r\n\r\n<strong>K\u00e9\u017e by pan\u00ed histori\u010dka Martinkov\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed op\u00edrala nejen o\u00a0vlastn\u00ed dojmy, ale tak\u00e9 o\u00a0seri\u00f3zn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy. M\u016f\u017eeme tu zm\u00ednit zn\u00e1mou sociolo\u017eku Irynu Beke\u0161kinovou, kter\u00e1 shrnula pr\u016fzkumy proveden\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b t\u0159emi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi centry, kdy respondenti m\u011bli odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zku: \u201eP\u0159istoupili byste na m\u00edr za ka\u017edou cenu, nebo se domn\u00edv\u00e1te, \u017ee by se m\u011blo okupovan\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed dob\u00fdt zp\u011bt i n\u00e1silnou cestou?\u201c Pro \u201en\u00e1silnou cestu\u201c... je dnes 17\u00a0%<\/strong>, pro \u201em\u00edr za ka\u017edou cenu\u201c... 18\u00a0%. Naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee o\u00a0m\u00edr na Donbasu je t\u0159eba usilovat poklidnou cestou, nikoli v\u0161ak za ka\u017edou cenu... Nejm\u00e9n\u011b je t\u011bch, kdo souhlas\u00ed s\u00a0proveden\u00edm m\u00edstn\u00edch voleb za podm\u00ednek, jak po\u017eaduj\u00ed ozbrojenci. Takov\u00fdch je pouh\u00fdch 12\u00a0%. Tato ot\u00e1zka je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro Rusko, podle n\u011bj\u017e je nutno nejd\u0159\u00edve prov\u00e9st volby a tyto volby n\u00e1sledn\u011b uznat s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee Ukrajina by pak m\u011bla vyjedn\u00e1vat s\u00a0touto \u00fadajn\u011b novou \u201em\u00edstn\u00ed politickou reprezentac\u00ed\u201c. K\u00a0ot\u00e1zce zaveden\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch politick\u00fdch a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch vztah\u016f s\u00a0do\u010dasn\u011b nekontrolovan\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm: souhlasilo by s\u00a0t\u00edm 20\u00a0%, nesouhlasilo 49\u00a0%. S\u00a0p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00edm zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho postaven\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdm \u010d\u00e1stem Don\u011bck\u00e9 a Luhansk\u00e9 oblasti a jeho zakotven\u00edm v\u00a0\u00fastav\u011b pak tak\u00e9 souhlas\u00ed necel\u00fdch 30\u00a0%, ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50\u00a0% nesouhlas\u00ed. Ukrajinci prakticky ze v\u0161ech region\u016f kategoricky nesouhlas\u00ed s\u00a0proveden\u00edm \u201em\u00edstn\u00edch voleb za podm\u00ednek, jak po\u017eaduj\u00ed ozbrojenci, se z\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm nov\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed policie ze zdej\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f ani se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm postaven\u00edm Donbasu\u201c, uv\u00e1d\u00ed sociolo\u017eka.\r\n<h2>Le\u017e \u010d.\u00a03: o\u00a0vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b<\/h2>\r\n<blockquote><em>Kdy\u017e mlad\u00fd chlapec narukuje, arm\u00e1da ho nevybav\u00ed v\u0161\u00edm pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm. Na v\u00fdstroj do v\u00e1lky v\u010detn\u011b nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty se mus\u00ed slo\u017eit lid\u00e9 z\u00a0vesnice nebo m\u011bsta, kde \u017eije... bude muset p\u0159ij\u00edt nov\u00e1 revoluce, proto\u017ee to v\u00a0lidech v\u0159e.<\/em><\/blockquote>\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"487\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/public\/advalbum_photo\/d6\/56\/5680_6f54.jpg?c=ef83\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/public\/advalbum_photo\/d6\/56\/5680_6f54.jpg?c=ef83\" width=\"487\" height=\"720\" \/><\/a> Voj\u00e1ci ukrajinsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy jsou dnes vybaveni mnohem l\u00e9pe ne\u017e p\u0159ed 4 lety[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<strong>Za prv\u00e9<\/strong>, voj\u00e1ci z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slu\u017eby, co\u017e jsou zpravidla povolan\u00ed mlad\u00ed mu\u017ei z\u00a0ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f 1992 a\u017e 2001, se do z\u00f3ny prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed Operace spojen\u00fdch sil nepos\u00edlaj\u00ed. Takto na\u0159izuje vojensk\u00e1 doktr\u00edna Ukrajiny. V\u00fdjimky tvo\u0159\u00ed mobilizace nebo vlastn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost brance, i v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak mus\u00ed absolvovat v\u00fdcvikov\u00fd kurz. V\u00a0z\u00f3n\u011b OSS na Donbasu dnes slou\u017e\u00ed pouze voj\u00e1ci z\u00a0povol\u00e1n\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed dovednosti a zku\u0161enosti.\r\n\r\n<strong>Za druh\u00e9<\/strong>, dnes u\u017e nen\u00ed rok 2014 nebo 2015, kdy po dlouholet\u00e9m z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9m podfinancov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozvr\u00e1cen\u00ed arm\u00e1dy proruskou vl\u00e1dou Janukovy\u010de a Azarova voj\u00e1k\u016fm skute\u010dn\u011b chyb\u011bla po\u017eadovan\u00e1 v\u00fdstroj, mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed, od j\u00eddla p\u0159es p\u0159ilby, nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty \u010di termovize a\u017e k\u00a0automobil\u016fm, zaji\u0161\u0165ovali nejen p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, ale i dobrovoln\u00edci. Ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let se arm\u00e1da z\u00e1sobuje mnohem l\u00e9pe, p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 stovky kus\u016f nov\u00e9 techniky, Ministerstvo obrany nakupuje pro voj\u00e1ky speci\u00e1ln\u00ed oble\u010den\u00ed, obuv a v\u00fdstroj\u00a0\u2013 tedy pr\u00e1v\u011b ty v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159edt\u00edm dod\u00e1valy d\u00edly mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pomoci nebo se nedod\u00e1valy v\u016fbec. O\u010distit a oto\u010dit obrovskou vojenskou ma\u0161in\u00e9rii samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9. I tak\u00e9 zde Ukrajina \u0161l\u00e1pla na star\u00e9 korup\u010dn\u00ed hr\u00e1b\u011b, nicm\u00e9n\u011b tvrdit, \u017ee ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci jsou \u201ehladov\u00ed, naz\u00ed a bos\u00ed\u201c, by byla naprost\u00e1 le\u017e.\r\n\r\n<strong>Za t\u0159et\u00ed, k\u00a0v\u00fdroku o\u00a0revoluci.<\/strong> Je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u010d\u00edst n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho od vzd\u011blan\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka... Pr\u00e1vn\u00edci by mohli podobn\u00fd v\u00fdrok ciz\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho ob\u010dana kvalifikovat nejen jako zasahov\u00e1n\u00ed do vnit\u0159n\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed jin\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, ale i jako v\u00fdzvu k\u00a0jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmu ve\u0159ejn\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1dek, a na to m\u00e1 ukrajinsk\u00fd trestn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u00edk \u010dl\u00e1nek\u00a0295, jakkoli pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e1 tento v\u00fdrok p\u0159isuzuje sv\u00fdm nejmenovan\u00fdm ukrajinsk\u00fdm spole\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm. Nechme to v\u0161ak te\u010f stranou.\r\n\r\nPod\u00edvejme se na podstatu tohoto v\u00fdroku. V\u00fdchodn\u00ed soused skute\u010dn\u011b tou\u017e\u00ed rozvr\u00e1tit Ukrajinu zevnit\u0159. Pr\u00e1v\u011b skute\u010dnost, \u017ee si Ukrajinci tuto hrozbu uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, je d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 snahy svolat \u201et\u0159et\u00ed Majdan\u201c v\u00a0posledn\u00edch 5\u00a0letech neusp\u011bly. Stovky, ba dokonce tis\u00edce lid\u00ed vych\u00e1zely do ulic protestovat proti vysok\u00fdm komun\u00e1ln\u00edm tarif\u016fm nebo za levn\u00e9 proclen\u00ed dovezen\u00fdch ojet\u00fdch automobil\u016f ze zem\u00ed EU. Michail Saaka\u0161vili se sna\u017eil svolat \u201eprotikorup\u010dn\u00ed Majdan\u201c, krajn\u00ed pravice pravideln\u011b po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 protivl\u00e1dn\u00ed akce na r\u016fzn\u00e1 t\u00e9mata, kdy jednou po\u017eaduje blok\u00e1du separatistick\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed, jednou protestuje proti \u0161melin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm ve sf\u00e9\u0159e obrany. Ukrajina je demokratick\u00fd st\u00e1t, ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor na poklidn\u011b konan\u00fdch shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech po\u017eadavky t\u011bchto shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady splnily. Tyto \u201emajdany\u201c v\u0161ak nikdy nez\u00edskaly tak velk\u00fd a stabiln\u00ed po\u010det p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f, aby to vedlo k\u00a0revolu\u010dn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m. Jak lze post\u0159ehnout, pob\u00eddnout Ukrajince k\u00a0protest\u016fm dok\u00e1\u017eou d\u016fvody sp\u00ed\u0161e mravn\u00ed, ne\u017eli \u201e\u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed\u201c. T\u0159eba koncem 1990.\u00a0let m\u011bli Ukrajinci miziv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy, mzdy se nevypl\u00e1cely cel\u00e1 l\u00e9ta, protivl\u00e1dn\u00ed protesty se v\u0161ak masov\u00e9 podpory nedo\u010dkaly. Naproti tomu fal\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed voleb v\u00a0roce 2004 \u010di odklon od evropsk\u00e9 integrace v\u00a0roce 2013 dostaly do ulic miliony lid\u00ed.\r\n<h2>Spekulativn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed a le\u017e \u010d.\u00a04: o\u00a0zdravotnictv\u00ed<\/h2>\r\n<blockquote><em>Hrout\u00ed se t\u0159eba zdravotnictv\u00ed... L\u00e9ky se mus\u00ed kupovat v\u00a0l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u011b... sanitka p\u0159ijela, a\u017e kdy\u017e se p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed slo\u017eili na benz\u00edn.<\/em><\/blockquote>\r\nKdy\u017e, v\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 pan\u00ed, \u0159eknete A, mus\u00edte \u0159\u00edct i B. Od roku 2016 prob\u00edh\u00e1 na Ukrajin\u011b reforma zdravotnictv\u00ed. Do\u010dasn\u011b \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00ed ministryn\u011b Uljana Suprunov\u00e1 ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let neumo\u017e\u0148uje zkorumpovan\u00e1 byrokratick\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata, co\u017e sni\u017euje cenu l\u00e9k\u016f v\u00a0\u0159ad\u00e1ch n\u00e1sobk\u016f. T\u0159eba p\u0159edt\u00edm u\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00edch zak\u00e1zek na l\u00e9ky si podnikavci od zdravotnictv\u00ed strkali do kapes 40\u00a0% z\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 miliardy h\u0159iven zaplacen\u00e9 st\u00e1tem. 30.\u00a0b\u0159ezna 2018 vznikl N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad Ukrajiny. Jeho z\u00e1sada zn\u00ed: \u201epen\u00edze jdou za pacientem\u201c. \u00da\u0159ad propl\u00e1c\u00ed hodnotu skute\u010dn\u011b poskytnut\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de. Tento mechanismus \u00fahrad za\u010dal na Ukrajin\u011b letos kone\u010dn\u011b fungovat a postupn\u011b nahrazuje ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd sov\u011btsk\u00fd model \u00fahrady podle po\u010dtu l\u016f\u017eek. Rodinn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i podepisuj\u00ed s\u00a0pacienty prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a podle toho pob\u00edraj\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky za poskytnutou p\u00e9\u010di. Syst\u00e9m se tedy nehrout\u00ed, ale naopak obnovuje.\r\n\r\nPokud v\u0161ak zn\u00e1m\u00ed pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e9, evidentn\u011b cizinci, museli n\u011bkde na Ukrajin\u011b zaplatit za l\u00e9ky nebo za p\u0159\u00edjezd sanitky, na tom nen\u00ed nic zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho. Kdyby t\u0159eba ukrajinsk\u00fd ob\u010dan vyhledal l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u00e9\u010di v\u00a0\u010cesku, ani\u017e by byl poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd, musel by za o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed tak\u00e9 zaplatit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stku. Pro\u010d tedy mus\u00ed pacienti na Ukrajin\u011b b\u011bhat po l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00e1ch? D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee se dosavadn\u00ed postsocialistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy dosud neodv\u00e1\u017eily zav\u00e9st v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, jak to v\u00a0\u010cesku funguje ji\u017e d\u00e1vno. Na Ukrajin\u011b se s\u00a0n\u00edm po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 od roku 2020. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je l\u00e9ka\u0159 neposlal do nemocni\u010dn\u00ed pokladny, ale do l\u00e9k\u00e1rny. A zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pacienti m\u011bli pozd\u011bji po\u017eadovat \u00fahradu v\u00fddaj\u016f na l\u00e9ky po sv\u00fdch poji\u0161\u0165ovn\u00e1ch, kde maj\u00ed uzav\u0159enou smlouvu nebo plat\u00ed z\u00e1lohy. Ukrajinci si pak mohou sjednat dobrovoln\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, i mnoho jich (podle Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed a\u017e 10\u00a0%) t\u00e9to mo\u017enosti vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u00e9\u010di jdou na soukromou kliniku, kde maj\u00ed kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di a kde mohou dojednat formality poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s\u00a0poji\u0161\u0165ovnou. Minim\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b a velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech u\u017e tento syst\u00e9m funguje docela dob\u0159e.\r\n\r\nNechci v\u0161ak tvrdit, \u017ee by na ukrajinsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch klinik\u00e1ch zdravotn\u00edci \u201enebrali\u201c. Za porody, operace, na l\u00e9\u010dbu v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, dokonce i za p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed ZTP se vyb\u00edraj\u00ed \u201edobro\u010dinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky\u201c, \u201efinan\u010dn\u00ed dary\u201c nebo \u201eob\u00e1lky\u201c. Spousta sb\u00edrek na operace je tomu sv\u011bdectv\u00edm. Toto v\u0161e v\u0161ak kv\u016fli chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v\u00a0trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s\u00a0korupc\u00ed ve zdravotnictv\u00ed bojuj\u00ed. Zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee byl n\u011bjak\u00fd zdravotn\u00edk zadr\u017een kv\u016fli \u00faplatku, najdeme v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch tak\u0159ka denn\u011b. P\u0159i prohled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v o\u00a0zadr\u017een\u00fdch nebo odsouzen\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u00edch za p\u0159ijet\u00ed \u00faplatku vyd\u00e1 vyhled\u00e1va\u010d tis\u00edce v\u00fdsledk\u016f.\r\n<h2>Le\u017e \u010d.\u00a05: o\u00a0zam\u011bstnanosti<\/h2>\r\n<blockquote><em>Obrovsk\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost. Kdo pracuje, m\u00e1 sm\u011b\u0161nou mzdu.<\/em><\/blockquote>\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"720\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/public\/advalbum_photo\/da\/56\/5684_c70f.jpg?c=06eb\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/public\/advalbum_photo\/da\/56\/5684_c70f.jpg?c=06eb\" width=\"720\" height=\"521\" \/><\/a> V Kyjev\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edch velk\u00fdch ukrajinsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech se dnes stav\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m a poci\u0165uje se nedostatek zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. \"Obrovsk\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost na Ukrajin\u011b\" je m\u00fdtus. Foto: The Village Ukrajina[\/caption]\r\n\r\nPodle St\u00e1tn\u00edho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu je na Ukrajin\u011b p\u016fldruh\u00e9ho milionu lid\u00ed bez pr\u00e1ce, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b evidovan\u00fdch uchaze\u010d\u016f o\u00a0zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed je necel\u00fdch 300.000. Je to slu\u0161n\u00e9: 9\u00a0%\u00a0pr\u00e1ceschopn\u00e9 populace. Oproti \u010cesku s\u00a02,3\u00a0% je to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vysok\u00fd \u00fadaj, \u0160pan\u011blsko a \u0158ecko, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty EU, v\u0161ak maj\u00ed 15 a 20\u00a0%. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost v\u00a0EU \u010din\u00ed 7\u00a0%, rozd\u00edl oproti Ukrajin\u011b tedy nijak v\u00fdrazn\u00fd, nezam\u011bstnanost tedy rozhodn\u011b nelze ozna\u010dit za \u201eobrovskou\u201c. To platilo p\u0159ed 20\u00a0lety, kdy 40\u00a0%, pop\u0159. v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech a\u017e 60\u00a0%\u00a0obyvatel nem\u011blo st\u00e1l\u00fd zdroj p\u0159\u00edjmu a muselo \u017e\u00edt z\u00a0ob\u010dasn\u00fdch p\u0159iv\u00fdd\u011blk\u016f, p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edho prodeje nebo st\u00ednov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Dnes v\u0161ak mnoho ukrajinsk\u00fdch zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f poci\u0165uje nedostatek pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly. V\u00a0nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch regionech zem\u011b, jimi\u017e jsou Ternopilsk\u00e1 nebo Voly\u0148sk\u00e1 oblast, t\u0159eba nedok\u00e1\u017eou naj\u00edt zam\u011bstnance do podnik\u016f se mzdou 7.000\u00a0h\u0159iven, proto webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky s\u00a0nab\u00eddkou pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst nab\u00edzej\u00ed 10.000 a\u017e 15.000\u00a0h\u0159iven. \u201eUrgentn\u011b hled\u00e1me om\u00edtk\u00e1\u0159e, ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ob\u011bdy, ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed, pracovn\u00ed od\u011bvy\u201c\u00a0\u2013 stovky podobn\u00fdch inzer\u00e1t\u016f ze stavebnictv\u00ed najdeme na webech s\u00a0nab\u00eddkami pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se nab\u00edzej\u00ed mzdy 20.000 a\u017e 25.000\u00a0h\u0159iven, proto\u017ee v\u00a0metropoli se v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b stav\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m. Za posledn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i roky na Ukrajin\u011b zah\u00e1jilo provoz 207\u00a0nov\u00fdch tov\u00e1ren, zejm\u00e9na KVS v\u00a0Chmelnyck\u00e9 oblasti, UHLK v\u00a0\u017dytomyrsk\u00e9, UkrTechnoFos v\u00a0Rovensk\u00e9 nebo semen\u00e1rna Pjatydni na Volyni.\r\n<h2>Kontroverzn\u00ed a spekulativn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed \u010d.\u00a06: o\u00a0byrokracii a korupci<\/h2>\r\n<blockquote><em>B\u011bh\u00e1te n\u011bkolik dn\u016f po \u00fa\u0159adech a zji\u0161\u0165ujete, \u017ee v\u00fdsledkem je nula, \u017ee nejen za raz\u00edtko, ale i za sebemen\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed \u00fakon, dokonce i za odpov\u011b\u010f na va\u0161i \u017e\u00e1dost p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed \u00faplatek.<\/em><\/blockquote>\r\nPan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e1 p\u0159edt\u00edm \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201ep\u00e1nb\u016fh chra\u0148 \u0159e\u0161it v\u0161e p\u0159es centrum\u201c, o\u00a0n\u011bkolik \u0159\u00e1dek d\u00e1le v\u0161ak sama sob\u011b proti\u0159e\u010d\u00ed a prohla\u0161uje, \u017ee se j\u00ed nel\u00edb\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup u\u017e ani na m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00farovni. Pokud jde o\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci, nebylo by snad skute\u010dn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed tuto v\u011bc p\u0159enechat ofici\u00e1ln\u011b pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm org\u00e1n\u016fm, a sice ministerstv\u016fm zahrani\u010d\u00ed, pracovat p\u0159es diplomaty, kte\u0159\u00ed um\u011bj\u00ed ps\u00e1t n\u00f3ty a v\u00e9st dialog, tedy \u201ep\u0159es Prahu\u201c nebo \u201ep\u0159es Kyjev\u201c, nikoli cestovat do ukrajinsk\u00fdch okresn\u00edch m\u011bst na vlastn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0postaven\u00ed aktivistky ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho sdru\u017een\u00ed a \u201evyjedn\u00e1vat\u201c s\u00a0\u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky? N\u011bkolikr\u00e1t b\u011bhem rozhovoru obvi\u0148uje nejmenovan\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky z\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faplatk\u016f. Zaj\u00edmalo by m\u011b: kolik z\u00a0t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f ozn\u00e1mila policii? Protikorup\u010dn\u00ed prokuratu\u0159e? SBU? Protikorup\u010dn\u00edmu \u00fa\u0159adu? Agentu\u0159e pro p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed korupce? Nebo alespo\u0148 sv\u00fdm koleg\u016fm z\u00a0ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho sektoru, nap\u0159. St\u0159edisku pro pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed korupce? Korupce na Ukrajin\u011b bezesporu existuje a \u010dinnost \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f nen\u00ed dost transparentn\u00ed. Jsou to v\u011bci zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 po \u201esov\u011btech\u201c a \u201erusk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b\u201c, kter\u00fd se zem\u011b dnes sna\u017e\u00ed opustit prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm evropsk\u00e9 integrace. Zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 protikorup\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159. automatick\u00fd odpo\u010det DPH, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sf\u00e9ry provozu syst\u00e9mu ProZorro nebo \u010dinnost kancel\u00e1\u0159e podnikatelsk\u00e9ho ombudsmana. Ale nen\u00ed-li trestn\u00edho ozn\u00e1men\u00ed proti konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu zkorumpovan\u00e9mu \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edkovi, potrestat ho za toto hanebn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed bude velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9.\r\n<h2>Le\u017e \u010d.\u00a07: o\u00a0uct\u011bn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky bojovn\u00edk\u016f a n\u00e1zvech ulic<\/h2>\r\n<blockquote><em>P\u0159ed lety nebyl probl\u00e9m domluvit se na um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pam\u011btn\u00ed desky \u010desk\u00e9mu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9mu veter\u00e1novi. Te\u010f u\u017e n\u00e1m bylo \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee je to probl\u00e9m... radik\u00e1ln\u00ed prom\u011bny n\u00e1zv\u016f ulic a obc\u00ed, aby zn\u011bly ukrajinsky...<\/em><\/blockquote>\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"720\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/public\/advalbum_photo\/de\/56\/5688_5332.jpg?c=26d4\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/public\/advalbum_photo\/de\/56\/5688_5332.jpg?c=26d4\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" \/><\/a> Odhalen\u00ed pam\u011btn\u00ed desky na budov\u011b n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161koly v Lucku 2. b\u0159ezna 2019. Jedna z ilustrac\u00ed skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee se na Ukrajin\u011b ct\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy n\u00e1rodn\u00edch men\u0161in a v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed jin\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nNev\u00edme, o\u00a0kter\u00e9ho veter\u00e1na \u0161lo, a nezn\u00e1me ani m\u00edsto, na Ukrajin\u011b je v\u0161ak v\u00a0\u00fact\u011b mnoho \u010desk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a zn\u00e1m\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed. T\u0159eba v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014 byla v\u00a0samotn\u00e9m srdci Kyjeva, na zdi Sofijsk\u00e9 katedr\u00e1ly, kter\u00e1 je historickou pam\u00e1tkou, odhalena pam\u011btn\u00ed deska \u010desk\u00e9 dru\u017ein\u011b, kter\u00e1 tu slo\u017eila vojensk\u00fd slib v\u00a0roce 2014. Jde o\u00a0jedinou takovou desku na tomto pro Ukrajince sakr\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b, a\u010dkoli se tu odehr\u00e1ly des\u00edtky historick\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Jak v\u00edme, dru\u017eina a pozd\u011bji \u010desk\u00e9 legie slou\u017eily v\u00a0r\u00e1mci rusk\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. S\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, tentokr\u00e1t putinovsk\u00e1, v\u00a0dob\u011b odhalen\u00ed desky ji\u017e obsadila Krym a bezohledn\u011b bombardovala z\u00a0Grad\u016f obr\u00e1nce Ukrajiny a obce na Donbasu. Tolerantn\u00ed Ukrajinci v\u0161ak nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1mitky proti uct\u011bn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky \u010desk\u00fdch vlastenc\u016f v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b. Po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b se v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b objevila ulice a pam\u011btn\u00ed deska p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed V\u00e1clava Havla. Ulice po spisovateli Jaroslavu Ha\u0161kovi maj\u00ed v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b a Lvov\u011b, odned\u00e1vna tak\u00e9 v\u00a0Muka\u010devu. V\u00a0Chustu byla v\u00a0b\u0159eznu minul\u00e9ho roku odhalena pam\u011btn\u00ed deska prezidentu Masarykovi, podobn\u00e1 se pl\u00e1nuje i v\u00a0Muka\u010devu. Letos byla odhalena pam\u011btn\u00ed deska i na budov\u011b b\u00fdval\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161koly v\u00a0Lucku. Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b 14.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna se v\u00a0obci Svitanok na \u010cernihivsku vzd\u00e1vaj\u00ed pocty pades\u00e1tce voj\u00e1k\u016f z\u00a0arm\u00e1dy Ludv\u00edka Svobody, kte\u0159\u00ed tu padli za Druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, funguje tak\u00e9 muzeum ukrajinsko-\u010desko-slovensk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed. Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed padl\u00fdch prob\u00edh\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fdch 5\u00a0let v\u00a0b\u0159eznu na Charkovsku, kde se u\u00a0obce Sokolove \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 brig\u00e1da pustila do boje s\u00a0hitlerovsk\u00fdmi okupanty. Ct\u011bny a restaurov\u00e1ny jsou hroby \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f v\u00a0B\u00edl\u00e9 Cerkv\u011b nebo na Lukjanivsk\u00e9m vojensk\u00e9m h\u0159bitov\u011b v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b. V\u00a0hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b se dochovala dokonce ulice Julia Fu\u010d\u00edka, \u010desk\u00e9ho prosov\u011btsk\u00e9ho novin\u00e1\u0159e umu\u010den\u00e9ho gestap\u00e1ky, jen\u017e se stal modlou komunistick\u00e9 ideologie a jeho\u017e kult byl v\u00a0\u010cesku ji\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159ekon\u00e1n. Ve v\u00fd\u010dtu \u010desk\u00fdch historick\u00fdch postav, kter\u00e9 jsou na Ukrajin\u011b v\u00a0\u00fact\u011b, m\u016f\u017eeme st\u00e1le pokra\u010dovat. Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee by vznikla podobn\u00e1 situace jako na Ol\u0161ansk\u00fdch h\u0159bitovech v\u00a0Praze, kdy byly ostatky Ukrajince Oleksandra Olese a jeho man\u017eelky vyta\u017eeny z\u00a0hrobu, a st\u00e1t nedok\u00e1zal v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd odpo\u010dinek t\u011bchto v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed ochr\u00e1nit. Nebo jako v\u00a0rusk\u00e9 Sama\u0159e, kde se ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let neda\u0159\u00ed postavit pomn\u00edk \u010desk\u00fdm legion\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, proto\u017ee se jim tu st\u00e1le hanliv\u011b p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1 \u201eb\u011blo\u010de\u0161i\u201c a na ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed pomn\u00edky se p\u00ed\u0161ou ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy.\r\n\r\nSpole\u010dn\u00e9 d\u011bjiny maj\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i kontroverzn\u00ed postavy. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee z\u0159\u00eddit v\u00a0Chustu pam\u011btn\u00ed desku gener\u00e1lovi Lvu Prchalovi, kter\u00fd t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed ma\u010farskou invaz\u00ed vydal rozkaz odzbrojit si\u010dov\u00e9 st\u0159elce, by bylo opravdu problematick\u00e9. Rozpor mezi Ukrajinci a \u010cechy vznikl jen kolem pam\u011btn\u00ed desky ve Zborov\u011b na Ternopilsku, kde Kyjev trv\u00e1 na v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b slova \u201eslovansk\u00e9\u201c na \u201eukrajinsk\u00e9\u201c.\r\n\r\nA co se t\u00fd\u010de nov\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016f ulic, aby zn\u011bly ukrajinsky... Jak jinak by m\u011bly zn\u00edt n\u00e1zvy ulic na Ukrajin\u011b? St\u00e1le po bol\u0161evicku? Ulice, t\u0159\u00eddy a n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Lenina skute\u010dn\u011b nahradily bu\u010f historick\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy, nebo nov\u00e9, jako je nap\u0159. n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Soborna (Katedr\u00e1ln\u00ed) v\u00a0\u010cerkasech. V\u00a0mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech ulice z\u00edskaly n\u00e1zvy po mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnostech, nap\u0159. Jerzyho Giedroyce a Lecha Kaczi\u0144sk\u00e9ho v\u00a0\u017dytomyru, T.\u00a0G.\u00a0Masaryka v\u00a0U\u017ehorod\u011b a Lvov\u011b, Borise N\u011bmcova v\u00a0Lucku... Mnoho ulic dostalo celkem l\u00edbiv\u011b zn\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed n\u00e1zvy: Abrykosova (Meru\u0148kov\u00e1), Vynohradna (Hroznov\u00e1), Jahidna (Bobulov\u00e1) apod. P\u0159esto ukrajinofobov\u00e9 nejv\u00edc vyk\u0159ikuj\u00ed o\u00a0ulic\u00edch Bandery a \u0160uchevy\u010de, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vzbuzuj\u00ed dojem, jako by se na Ukrajin\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy ned\u00e1valy.\r\n<h2>Spekulativn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed \u010d.\u00a08: o\u00a0pomn\u00edc\u00edch a ulic\u00edch<\/h2>\r\n<blockquote><em>V\u00a0m\u011bstech rostou Banderovy pomn\u00edky... Za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kdy\u017e vyr\u016fstal ukrajinsk\u00fd nacionalismus spojen\u00fd s\u00a0osobnost\u00ed jeho ideov\u00e9ho v\u016fdce St\u011bpana Bandery, tak to bylo n\u011bco stra\u0161n\u00e9ho. A dnes je velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, jak se tyto ud\u00e1losti za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed p\u0159episovat.<\/em><\/blockquote>\r\nCelkem na Ukrajin\u011b stoj\u00ed cca 40\u00a0pomn\u00edk\u016f a bust Stepana Bandery, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ve t\u0159ech hali\u010dsk\u00fdch oblastech, ojedin\u011ble na Volyn\u00ed a Podol\u00ed. Pojmenov\u00e1no po n\u011bm bylo cca 75\u00a0ulic a uli\u010dek a dv\u011b t\u0159\u00eddy. Je to mnoho, nebo m\u00e1lo? Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed uve\u010fme ty nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady. T\u0159eba v\u00a0roce 2013 bylo na Ukrajin\u011b cca 2.200\u00a0pomn\u00edk\u016f bol\u0161evick\u00e9mu v\u016fdci Leninovi. Dokonce i nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fd b\u00e1sn\u00edk Taras \u0160ev\u010denko m\u00e1 po\u010det pomn\u00edk\u016f polovi\u010dn\u00ed. Dnes, po dekomunizaci, je \u201eLenin\u016f\u201c 328\u00a0ks, z\u00a0toho 294\u00a0ks na \u00fazem\u00ed Donbasu a Krymu, kter\u00e9 okupuje Rusko. P\u0159ed 5 a\u017e 6\u00a0lety bylo na Ukrajin\u011b cca 500\u00a0ulic Lenina, a to jen ve m\u011bstech, po vesnic\u00edch jich byly tis\u00edce. Ulic pojmenovan\u00fdch po r\u016fzn\u00fdch bol\u0161evick\u00fdch \u010dinitel\u00edch bylo 20x v\u00edce ne\u017e ulic s\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy. Tak\u017ee tis\u00edce p\u0159ipom\u00ednek zakladatele sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd vra\u017edil lidi po milionech v\u00a0r\u00e1mci hladomor\u016f a repres\u00ed, pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e9 nevadily. Vad\u00ed j\u00ed v\u0161ak n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek soch Bandery, kter\u00fd byl v\u011bzn\u011bn v\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9m koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e Sachsenhausen kv\u016fli snah\u00e1m o\u00a0obnoven\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.\r\n\r\nNa druhou stranu se na Ukrajin\u011b nad\u00e1le t\u011b\u0161\u00ed \u00fact\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 osobnosti, jako je Alexandr Pu\u0161kin, Michail Lermontov, Lev Tolstoj, Ilja Repin a dal\u0161\u00ed. Ulice, pomn\u00edky, bysty \u010di pam\u011btn\u00ed desky p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed tyto lidi najdeme snad v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m ukrajinsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b, v\u011bt\u0161inou nebyly nikdy p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1ny ani odstran\u011bny.\r\n\r\nKontroverzn\u00edch pomn\u00edk\u016f a tabulek je dost i v\u00a0jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Existuj\u00ed osobnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou pro jeden n\u00e1rod hrdiny, zat\u00edmco jin\u00fd je zatracuje. Nemysl\u00edm t\u0159eba, \u017ee by pro n\u011bmeck\u00e9 turisty p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b \u010ceska bylo p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 chodit po ulic\u00edch a n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00edch pojmenovan\u00fdch po prezidentovi Edvardu Bene\u0161ovi, kter\u00fd po v\u00e1lce vydal dekrety, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b byli jejich krajan\u00e9 krut\u011b odsunuti ze Sudet. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro J\u00f3zefa Pi\u0142sudsk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd se v\u00a0Polsku v\u0161ude t\u011b\u0161\u00ed \u00fact\u011b. Navzdory spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0Petljurou mu Ukrajinci jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed polo\u017e\u00ed kv\u011btiny, proto\u017ee v\u011bd\u00ed o\u00a0tvrd\u00e9 \u201epacifikaci\u201c ukrajinsk\u00fdch obyvatel Hali\u010de za\u010d\u00e1tkem 1930.\u00a0let, kterou prov\u00e1d\u011bl. Ani Slov\u00e1ci nemaj\u00ed definitivn\u011b jasno, jak vn\u00edmat hlavu tzv.\u00a0Slovensk\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu v\u00a0letech 1939 a\u017e 1945 J\u00f3zefa Tisa: jedni \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za odsun \u017did\u016f a v\u016fbec \u201ebyl fa\u0161ista\u201c, jin\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 \u017ee zachr\u00e1nil alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st Slovenska p\u0159ed rozd\u011blen\u00edm mezi Ma\u010farsko, N\u011bmecko a Polsko a stal se \u201emu\u010dedn\u00edkem za v\u00edru\u201c. Podobn\u011b to vypad\u00e1 i s\u00a0regentem Ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Mikl\u00f3sem Horthym, kter\u00fd \u00fazce spolupracoval s\u00a0Hitlerem a vydal rozkaz k\u00a0\u00fatoku na \u010ceskoslovensko, za v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho zlo\u010dince v\u0161ak prohl\u00e1\u0161en nebyl, klidn\u011b do\u017eil v\u00a0Portugalsku a byl s\u00a0poctami znovu poh\u0159ben v\u00a0Ma\u010farsku.\r\n\r\nP\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin praktikovali i komunist\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed po cel\u00fdch 60\u00a0let dennodenn\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm agit\u00e1tor\u016f hl\u00e1sali v\u00a0u\u010debnic\u00edch a tisku hr\u016fzy o\u00a0\u201eukrajinsk\u00fdch bur\u017eoazn\u00edch nacionalistech\u201c. Dnes v\u0161ak otev\u0159en\u00e9 archivy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a odhalovat pravdu. Pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e1 hodn\u011b vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci ukrajinsk\u00fdch nacionalist\u016f s\u00a0N\u011bmci. Podobn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce skute\u010dn\u011b prob\u00edhala v\u00a0letech 1941 a\u017e 1942. S\u00a0N\u011bmci v\u0161ak spolupracovali i Sov\u011bti, kte\u0159\u00ed s\u00a0nimi v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1939 rozd\u011blili Polsko, ba dokonce i samotn\u00e9 Polsko, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0nimi za\u00fato\u010dilo na \u010cSR o\u00a0p\u016flroku d\u0159\u00edve. Pol\u00e1ci slou\u017eili tak\u00e9 v\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdch pomocn\u00fdch jednotk\u00e1ch, Schutzmannschaftech. Nikde se v\u0161ak nep\u00ed\u0161e t\u0159eba o\u00a0poprav\u011b 621\u00a0Ukrajinc\u016f, mezi nimi\u017e byla zn\u00e1m\u00e1 b\u00e1sn\u00ed\u0159ka Olena Teliha, v\u00a0kyjevsk\u00e9m Bab\u00edm jaru na ja\u0159e 1942, nebo o\u00a0masov\u00e9m zat\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed banderovc\u016f Gestapem v\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu a\u017e listopadu 1942 a poprav\u011b 210 z\u00a0nich. O\u00a0vysl\u00e1n\u00ed 23\u00a0banderovc\u016f n\u011bmeckou bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed polici\u00ed v\u00a0\u010dervenci 1942 do koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora Auschwitz, kde v\u0161ichni zem\u0159eli, dva z\u00a0nich\u017e byli brat\u0159\u00ed Stepana Bandery. O\u00a0zat\u010den\u00ed 18\u00a0aktivist\u016f lvovsk\u00e9 referentury OUN(b) v\u00a0prosinci 1942, kter\u00e9 Gestapo mu\u010dilo. Podobn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f bylo velmi mnoho, ve skute\u010dnosti mezi budouc\u00ed UPA a hitlerovci ji\u017e od roku 1942 prob\u00edhal v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd konflikt. Dejme tomu, Ukrajinsk\u00fd \u00fastav n\u00e1rodn\u00ed pam\u011bti nikdy netvrdil, \u017ee se trag\u00e9die na Volyni v\u00a0roce 1943 nikdy nestala nebo \u017ee se na n\u00ed ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed povstalci nepod\u00edleli. Kyjev uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 etnick\u00e9 \u010distky mezi Pol\u00e1ky a Ukrajinci jako vz\u00e1jemnou trag\u00e9dii, k\u00a0jej\u00edmu\u017e vyprovokov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bli okupanti, jak n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed, tak sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed. Prezidenti Ukrajiny a Polska, skute\u010dn\u00ed historici a ob\u010dan\u0161t\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 se dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta sna\u017e\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout porozum\u011bn\u00ed a sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed podle z\u00e1sady \u201epros\u00edme o\u00a0odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a odpou\u0161t\u00edme\u201c, v\u017edy se v\u0161ak najdou provokat\u00e9\u0159i, nez\u0159\u00eddka prorusky sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nenechaj\u00ed r\u00e1ny se zahojit a rok co rok st\u00e1le brut\u00e1ln\u011bji popisuj\u00ed \u201ezlo\u010diny banderovc\u016f\u201c, ospravedl\u0148uj\u00ed akce polsk\u00e9 Zemsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a navy\u0161uj\u00ed po\u010dty \u201enevinn\u00fdch polsk\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fdch sadist\u016f\u201c na stotis\u00edce.\r\n<h2>Le\u017e \u010d.\u00a09: o\u00a0ru\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\r\n<blockquote><em>...z\u00e1kaz mluvit rusky na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch m\u00edstech, ... \u0161krt\u00e1n\u00ed slov ze slovn\u00edku a jejich v\u00fdm\u011bna jen proto, \u017ee zn\u011bj\u00ed moc rusky... Nikdo v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b se neodv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0159\u00edkat nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e to, co tvrd\u00ed nacionalist\u00e9.<\/em><\/blockquote>\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"720\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/public\/advalbum_photo\/e0\/56\/568a_31dc.jpg?c=1db0\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/public\/advalbum_photo\/e0\/56\/568a_31dc.jpg?c=1db0\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" \/><\/a> Ud\u00e1lost p\u0159\u00edmo vyvracej\u00edc\u00ed Martinkov\u00e9 bludy o ru\u0161tin\u011b: otev\u0159en\u00ed par\u010d\u00edku v Kyjev\u011b pojmenovan\u00e9ho po rusk\u00e9m obh\u00e1jci lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v Borisu N\u011bmcovovi 15. b\u0159ezna 2019. Tabule obsahuje n\u00e1pisy v ukrajin\u0161tin\u011b, ru\u0161tin\u011b a angli\u010dtin\u011b. Na fotce je kyjevsk\u00fd prim\u00e1tor Vitalij Kly\u010dko a dcera Borise N\u011bmcova \u017danna.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nNikdo nikde a nikdy nevydal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz mluvit rusky. Na \u0161kol\u00e1ch se ru\u0161tina ve velk\u00e9m vyu\u010duje jako \u201edruh\u00fd ciz\u00ed jazyk\u201c, ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech ru\u0161tina v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 komunikaci st\u00e1le dominuje. Na r\u00e1di\u00edch plat\u00ed kv\u00f3ty na\u0159izuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee nejm\u00e9n\u011b t\u0159etina p\u00edsn\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00a0ukrajin\u0161tin\u011b, co\u017e dalo podn\u011bt k\u00a0objeven\u00ed nov\u00fdch talent\u016f. V\u00a0ukrajin\u0161tin\u011b se prom\u00edtaj\u00ed filmy v\u00a0kinech, na to si v\u0161ak u\u017e nikdo nest\u011b\u017euje, ani ti rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed, proto\u017ee ve m\u011bstech jako je Dnipro, Charkov nebo Z\u00e1poro\u017e\u00ed, dokonce i v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b je to jedna z\u00a0m\u00e1la p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed sly\u0161et \u017eivou spisovnou ukrajinskou \u0159e\u010d. Parlament pr\u00e1v\u011b projedn\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00fd jazykov\u00fd z\u00e1kon. Je faktem, \u017ee se ukrajin\u0161tina v\u00a0ulic\u00edch m\u011bst oz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dast\u011bji, nicm\u00e9n\u011b k\u00a0\u00farovni pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010de\u0161tiny nap\u0159. v\u00a0Praze to m\u00e1 st\u00e1le velmi daleko. Polovinu (na televiz\u00edch) a\u017e 90\u00a0% (v\u00a0tisku a na internetu) informac\u00ed Ukrajinci dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00a0ru\u0161tin\u011b. Postaven\u00ed ru\u0161tiny se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt jist\u00e9 ve \u0161kolk\u00e1ch, na \u0161kol\u00e1ch, v\u00a0podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, sportu, na policii, ba dokonce i v\u00a0arm\u00e1d\u011b. Nejen v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b, ale dokonce i v\u00a0\u201enacionalistick\u00e9m\u201c (ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak dnes sp\u00ed\u0161e turistick\u00e9m) Lvov\u011b \u010dasto zaslechneme ru\u0161tinu nejen od host\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 od barman\u016f, prodava\u010d\u016f nebo poradc\u016f v\u00a0n\u00e1kupn\u00edch st\u0159edisc\u00edch, l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f \u010di l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edk\u016f, pr\u016fvod\u010d\u00edch a \u0159idi\u010d\u016f MHD, person\u00e1lu ochranky firem a byt\u016f, turistick\u00fdch pr\u016fvodc\u016f atd. N\u011bkdy se sna\u017e\u00ed mluvit na z\u00e1kazn\u00edky ukrajinsky, v\u00fdsledkem je v\u0161ak obvykle jak\u00e1si sm\u011bsice, j\u00ed\u017e se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201esur\u017eyk\u201c (nap\u0159. p\u0159i p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed dobr\u00e9 chuti se \u0159ekne \u201epryjemnoho\u201c, co\u017e je jako p\u0159es kop\u00edr\u00e1k z\u00a0rusk\u00e9ho \u201eprijatnogo appetita\u201c, spr\u00e1vn\u011b ukrajinsky je toti\u017e \u201esma\u010dnoho\u201c). Samostatn\u00e1 Ukrajina existuje ji\u017e bezm\u00e1la 30\u00a0let, d\u016fsledkem nedbal\u00e9ho postoje k\u00a0rodn\u00e9mu jazyku ze strany st\u00e1tu v\u0161ak je, \u017ee ho \u010d\u00e1st ml\u00e1de\u017ee bu\u010f neum\u00ed, nebo um\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b, pop\u0159. sice um\u00ed, p\u0159esto nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, proto\u017ee m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee ru\u0161tina je v\u00edc \u201ein\u201c. Kdyby tato situace trvala i nad\u00e1le, ukrajin\u0161tinu by potkal osud b\u011bloru\u0161tiny nebo ir\u0161tiny, kter\u00e9 byly z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 komunikace vytla\u010deny jazyky v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch soused\u016f, ru\u0161tinou a angli\u010dtinou. Podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se ve sv\u00fdch zem\u00edch ochra\u0148uj\u00ed francouz\u0161tina a slovin\u0161tina. Pro p\u0159\u00edklad v\u0161ak nemus\u00edme chodit daleko: podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159ece p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e sto lety mohla z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota zmizet i \u010de\u0161tina. Praha by dnes mluvila n\u011bmecky, neb\u00fdt vzniku \u010ceskoslovenska, kdy se za\u010dala v\u0161ude \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bt \u010de\u0161tina. I \u010de\u0161tina je p\u0159ece chr\u00e1n\u011bna p\u0159ed cizojazy\u010dn\u00fdmi vlivy, ze slovn\u00edku se vy\u0159azuj\u00ed ciz\u00ed v\u00fdrazy jako je \u201ecomputer\u201c nebo \u201etheater\u201c a nam\u00edsto nich se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed bohemismy \u201epo\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u201c a \u201edivadlo\u201c.\r\n\r\nProjevy v\u00a0ru\u0161tin\u011b nejsou na Ukrajin\u011b v\u00edt\u00e1ny snad jedin\u011b na p\u016fd\u011b parlamentu: p\u0159edseda Andrij Parubij v\u00a0podobn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech dokonce vyp\u00edn\u00e1 mikrofony a trv\u00e1 na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edho jazyka. Nic divn\u00e9ho na tom nen\u00ed, v\u00a0obou komor\u00e1ch Parlamentu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky se p\u0159ece tak\u00e9 vyhla\u0161uj\u00ed projevy v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b. V\u00a0Rusku jak zdej\u0161\u00ed nelegitimn\u00ed parlament, tak ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady po cel\u00e9 federaci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze ru\u0161tinu. Jazyky n\u00e1rodn\u00edch men\u0161in sice maj\u00ed v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch autonomi\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed postaven\u00ed, prakticky se v\u0161ak nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, leda tak v\u00a0lidov\u00fdch p\u00edsn\u00edch. Rusifikace nep\u0159inesla n\u00e1rod\u016fm v\u00edce znalost\u00ed, pouze jim zabr\u00e1nila rozv\u00edjet autentickou kulturu.\r\n<h2>Le\u017e \u010d.\u00a010: o\u00a0\u201ehodn\u00fdch Ukrajinc\u00edch\u201c<\/h2>\r\n<blockquote><em>T\u00edm v\u0161ak nechci \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee by na Ukrajin\u011b bylo v\u0161e \u0161patn\u011b. Zn\u00e1m mnoho Ukrajinc\u016f tam a v\u00a0\u010cesku, kte\u0159\u00ed skv\u011ble pracuj\u00ed... M\u00e1m tu zem a jej\u00ed lidi r\u00e1da, Ukrajinci jsou vn\u00edm\u00e1ni u\u00a0n\u00e1s i na z\u00e1pad od n\u00e1s jako dob\u0159\u00ed a pracovit\u00ed lid\u00e9.<\/em><\/blockquote>\r\nA\u017e na tuto v\u011btu v\u00a0rozhovoru jinak nezazn\u011blo v\u016fbec nic pozitivn\u00edho o\u00a0Ukrajinc\u00edch. Pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e1 si op\u011bt proti\u0159e\u010d\u00ed a v\u0161ude v\u00a0rozhovoru l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed, jak je na Ukrajin\u011b v\u0161e \u0161patn\u011b, \u201ehr\u016fza\u201c, \u201est\u00e1le hor\u0161\u00ed\u201c, \u201ebeznad\u011bjn\u00e9\u201c nebo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edvlastky. V\u00fdrok o\u00a0\u00fadajn\u00e9 \u201el\u00e1sce k\u00a0t\u00e9to zemi\u201c nen\u00ed nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e pokrytectv\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1sku \u201epo putinovsku\u201c, co\u017e znamen\u00e1: m\u00e1m r\u00e1da \u201ehodn\u00e9\u201c Ukrajince, kdy\u017e po malorusku pokorn\u011b p\u0159isluhuj\u00ed nebo pln\u00ed rozkazy. Nebo l\u00e1sku patrici\u016f k\u00a0sv\u00fdm plebej\u016fm, tzn. kdy\u017e \u201epracovit\u00e1 uk\u00e1\u010dka\u201c pouze potichu a levn\u011b makaj\u00ed na t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch stavb\u00e1ch, myj\u00ed n\u00e1dob\u00ed, poslu\u0161n\u011b ukl\u00edzej\u00ed pokoje nebo d\u011blaj\u00ed jinou \u0161pinavou pr\u00e1ci. A tak\u00e9 by m\u011bli \u201ehodn\u00ed Ukrajinci\u201c v\u017edy naslouchat ciz\u00edmu pou\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159izn\u00e1vat svou vinu ze v\u0161eho mo\u017en\u00e9ho a v\u0161em se omlouvat. A je\u0161t\u011b se m\u016f\u017eeme posm\u00edvat jejich ban\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u00edsni\u010dk\u00e1m \u201e\u00e0 la V\u011brka Ser\u010fu\u010dka\u201c... Ukrajinci v\u00a0ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed podobn\u00fdch pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00fdch patrn\u011b nemaj\u00ed n\u00e1rok ani na vlastn\u00ed d\u011bjiny, ani pr\u00e1vo si zvolit vlastn\u00ed hrdiny, mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo \u201eps\u00e1t a malovat\u201c, jak uvedl rusk\u00fd car Mikul\u00e1\u0161\u00a0I. v\u00a0nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9m na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k\u00a0odvodu Tarase \u0160ev\u010denka na vojnu.\r\n\r\nTis\u00edce \u010cech\u016f ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed Ukrajinu: turisti, podnikatel\u00e9, studenti, pedagogov\u00e9, v\u011bdci nebo dobrovoln\u00edci... Dojmy z\u00a0toho maj\u00ed pochopiteln\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v\u0161ak pozitivn\u00ed, mnoho jich pak p\u0159ijede znovu, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se dokonce pokou\u0161ej\u00ed za\u0159\u00eddit si na Ukrajin\u011b domov. Ale kdy\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9ho hosta zem\u011b roz\u010diluje, kdy\u017e ji vid\u00ed jen v\u00a0\u010dern\u00fdch barv\u00e1ch, pak pro\u010d sem jezd\u00ed? Jen aby tr\u00e1pil a znerv\u00f3z\u0148oval sebe a ostatn\u00ed? Aby ji pak pomlouval ve sp\u0159\u00e1telen\u00e9m bulv\u00e1ru? Mohl by t\u0159eba svou \u010dinnost, nap\u0159. p\u00e9\u010di o\u00a0hroby, p\u0159enechat n\u011bkomu jin\u00e9mu, kdo bude na r\u016fzn\u00e9 kontroverzn\u00ed str\u00e1nky reagovat klidn\u011bji a diplomati\u010dt\u011bji. A pan\u00ed Martinkov\u00e1 by mezit\u00edm mohla v\u00a0klidu u\u00a0sebe doma nebo v\u00a0knihovn\u011b z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch stran prozkoumat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 okolnosti ud\u00e1lost\u00ed jak sou\u010dasn\u00fdch, tak t\u011bch 80\u00a0let star\u00fdch, a nemusela by je tak vn\u00edmat jen prizmatem sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch \u00fazce zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch a \u00fazce specializovan\u00fdch pohled\u016f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b takov\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 historismus nebo historicismus.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/oleksa.livinsky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oleksa Livinskyj<\/a>, \u010dasopis <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ukrajinci.cz\/ua\/casopis-porohy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Porohy<\/a>\r\nZdroj: <a href=\"https:\/\/uaportal.cz\/blogs\/28\/548?fbclid=IwAR0AdL3ooaF51xXalPqg7-DiPK3dt-Oua2_o6J2QNcE7qXW3BDBWbZAcK20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UAPORTAL.CZ<\/a>, 4.\u00a0\u010dervna 2019\r\nTituln\u00ed foto: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avcr.cz\/cs\/pro-media\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR<\/a>\r\nP\u0159eklad: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scyhol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/em>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7311"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7313,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7311\/revisions\/7313"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}