{"id":8146,"date":"2020-03-11T14:57:15","date_gmt":"2020-03-11T14:57:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=8146"},"modified":"2020-03-13T15:10:02","modified_gmt":"2020-03-13T15:10:02","slug":"ukrajinska-strategicka-iniciativa-jak-rusko-vyuziva-socialni-site-pro-informacni-valku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ukrajinska-strategicka-iniciativa-jak-rusko-vyuziva-socialni-site-pro-informacni-valku\/","title":{"rendered":"Ukrajinsk\u00e1 strategick\u00e1 iniciativa: jak Rusko vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pro informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme analytick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek o\u00a0roli soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lce. Tento analytick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek obsahuje mnoho zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch informac\u00ed prozrazuj\u00edc\u00edch metody, zp\u016fsoby, prost\u0159edky a rozsah informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lky, kterou vede Rusk\u00e1 federace nejen proti Ukrajin\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 proti dal\u0161\u00edm st\u00e1t\u016fm sv\u011bta. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek exkluzivn\u011b zpracovali experti z\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/strategic.com.ua\/en\/mission\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ukrajinsk\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 iniciativy (USI)<\/a> speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e webu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dobrovolnick\u00e9 komunity <a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/dejiny-informnapalmu-odpovedi-na-casto-kladene-otazky-faq\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InformNapalm<\/a>.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>\u201eNa propagandu za \u00fa\u010delem diskreditace Ukrajiny vynalo\u017eil Putin p\u0159es 9\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>Dan Mike, kongresman USA<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lka. Obecn\u00e9 pojmy, kter\u00e9 je dobr\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, abychom se ochr\u00e1nili p\u0159ed vlivem agresora<\/h2>\n<p>Velk\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed v\u00a0postmodern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti vede k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b ve\u0161ker\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch prax\u00ed a instituc\u00ed. Roz\u0161i\u0159uje se spektrum mo\u017enosti pro manipulov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0pov\u011bdom\u00edm d\u00edky n\u00e1r\u016fstu obecenstva na s\u00edti Internet.<\/p>\n<p>Internet je prostorem napln\u011bn\u00fdm obrovsk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm informac\u00ed, jejich\u017e pravdivost prost\u011b nelze ov\u011b\u0159it, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e internetu nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v\u016f\u010di manipulac\u00edm v\u0161eho druhu. Dalo by se \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee se <strong>kybernetick\u00fd prostor stal boji\u0161t\u011bm informa\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 proti sob\u011b vedou r\u016fzn\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, politick\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 skupiny, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 a etnick\u00e9 komunity o\u00a0hlavy a srdce lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b p\u0159estaly b\u00fdt pouh\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak obnovit ztracen\u00e9 vztahy, vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor nebo poskytnout prostor pro gratulace p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm, stala se z\u00a0nich zbra\u0148 pro veden\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek, slou\u017e\u00ed toti\u017e jako komunika\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edek pro mnoho lid\u00ed, co\u017e jim d\u00e1v\u00e1 jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost ovliv\u0148ovat pov\u011bdom\u00ed dost \u0161irok\u00e9ho obecenstva soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho kolem ur\u010dit\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia.<\/p>\n<p>U\u017eivatel\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed objekty neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho vlivu ze strany r\u016fzn\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch a politick\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed naplnit sv\u00e9 c\u00edle. S\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee i p\u0159es otev\u0159enost soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a mo\u017enost konfrontovat protich\u016fdn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory se pr\u00e1v\u011b ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd prost\u0159edek pro manipulov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0tomu p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jejich rostouc\u00ed obliba, zapojen\u00ed milion\u016f lid\u00ed, nekontrolovanost a prakticky chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 vztahy mezi lidmi, kter\u00e9 jsou nahrazov\u00e1ny napodobov\u00e1n\u00edm komunikace. V\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b si v\u0161echny st\u00e1ty uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b nejsou jen zdrojem z\u00e1bavy, ale p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed tak\u00e9 mo\u017enost politick\u00fdch manipulac\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z\u00a0vlivov\u00fdch skupin a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd st\u00e1t tedy potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enosti soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed nep\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Metody a zp\u016fsoby manipulov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00edm v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lce<\/h2>\n<p>Informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lky na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stejn\u00fdch metod, kter\u00e9 jsou typick\u00e9 pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy manipulac\u00ed s\u00a0pov\u011bdom\u00edm. V\u00a0prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je to <strong>zaml\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo skr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch informac\u00ed<\/strong>. Pro soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b je n\u011bco zaml\u010det velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jsou v\u017edy otev\u0159en\u00e9 pro zpr\u00e1vy a koment\u00e1\u0159e, je tu v\u0161ak prostor pro moder\u00e1tory s\u00edt\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 informace odstra\u0148uj\u00ed a neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed je sd\u00edlet.<\/p>\n<p>Nem\u00e9n\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 je nejen <strong>zaml\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed<\/strong>, ale tak\u00e9 jejich tzv. <strong>zamlouv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, kdy se skute\u010dn\u011b cenn\u00e1 informace ztr\u00e1c\u00ed mezi bezobsa\u017en\u00fdmi a m\u00e1lo v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi sd\u011blen\u00edmi, a informace jsou pod\u00e1v\u00e1ny tak, \u017ee je lze jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed rozeznat od nepravdiv\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem veden\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek se st\u00e1v\u00e1 <strong>sm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pojm\u016f<\/strong>, kdy tent\u00fd\u017e jev dost\u00e1v\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 definice podle toho, jak\u00fd z\u00e1jem n\u011bkter\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed sleduje. T\u0159eba v\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b se m\u016f\u017ee ozna\u010dovat jak v\u00fdrazem \u201eprotiteroristick\u00e1 operace\u201c, tak \u201eboj proti separatist\u016fm\u201c. Term\u00edny \u201edemokracie\u201c a \u201eliberalismus\u201c mohou m\u00edt jak kladnou, tak z\u00e1pornou konotaci. P\u0159ipojen\u00ed Krymu se m\u016f\u017ee pod\u00e1vat jako \u201eanexe\u201c nebo jako \u201eprojev v\u016fle lidu\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznamnou roli v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch hraje <strong>p\u0159esouv\u00e1n\u00ed pozornosti<\/strong> od d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v k\u00a0n\u011b\u010demu m\u00e1lo v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu a n\u00e1hodn\u00e9mu. Pro \u010dlov\u011bka je v\u016fbec t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 naj\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed vod\u00edtko v\u00a0penzu informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b obsahuj\u00ed, ale kdy\u017e je jeho pozornost permanentn\u011b pout\u00e1na k\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00a0zemi a ve sv\u011bt\u011b, lze tuto pozornost snadno zaml\u017eit a odvr\u00e1tit od informace, kter\u00e1 je pro n\u011bj skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmavou metodu, jak manipulovat s\u00a0pov\u011bdom\u00edm, p\u0159edstavuje <strong>\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na pojmech, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam<\/strong>, tedy jak\u00fdchsi archetyp\u016f, do nich\u017e m\u016f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd vlo\u017eit ten v\u00fdznam, kter\u00fd se mu hod\u00ed. T\u0159eba v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il pojem \u201educhovn\u00ed poj\u00edtka\u201c, kter\u00fd si bu\u010f m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u011bdomit jen na intuitivn\u00ed \u00farovni, nebo v\u016fbec postr\u00e1d\u00e1 jak\u00fdkoli v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Negativn\u00ed informace poutaj\u00ed mnohem v\u00edce pozornosti ne\u017e ty pozitivn\u00ed<\/strong>. Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na stinn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky \u017eivota, ne\u0159esti a obvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed generuje odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ru a vytla\u010duje dobr\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti na okraj informa\u010dn\u00edho pole. Na tuto metodu navazuje tak\u00e9 <strong>vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u00fasudk\u016f, mezi nimi\u017e nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e1 souvislost<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed se v\u00a0podstat\u011b stal <u>nov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro veden\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek<\/u>, tohoto n\u00e1stroje vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vl\u00e1dy r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed, organizace politick\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 sekty atd. Vznik\u00e1 rozpor mezi velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm informac\u00ed a lidskou schopnost\u00ed se v\u00a0nich vyznat, a pon\u011bvad\u017e soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ml\u00e1de\u017e, pr\u00e1v\u011b ona se st\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00edm nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm objektem ideologick\u00fdch manipulac\u00ed ze strany nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch struktur.<\/p>\n<p>Ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed jako\u017eto zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdm\u011bny a p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, kde jsou vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1ny n\u00e1zory ke v\u0161emu tomu d\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017ee u\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bka vzbudit z\u00e1jem, se st\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 forma politick\u00e9ho vlivu, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je \u010dinnost opozice zt\u00ed\u017eena nebo v\u00a0zemi konstruktivn\u00ed opozice chyb\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch sd\u00edlej\u00ed sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na vl\u00e1du, vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed nespokojenost s\u00a0jej\u00edmi postupy nebo jejich podporu.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b z\u00edskat p\u0159edstavu o\u00a0protestn\u00edch n\u00e1lad\u00e1ch ve spole\u010dnosti a vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed ot\u00e1zku, jak\u00fd postoj m\u00e1 vl\u00e1da k\u00a0t\u011bmto n\u00e1lad\u00e1m zaujmout. Do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed monopol vl\u00e1dy na informace, co\u017e vl\u00e1d\u011b na jednu stranu umo\u017e\u0148uje zabr\u00e1nit chyb\u00e1m, na druhou stranu to stav\u00ed internetovou komunitu do zraniteln\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed v\u016f\u010di nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm manipulac\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>St\u00e1tn\u00ed struktury nedok\u00e1\u017eou bojovat proti informac\u00edm \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, co\u017e v\u00a0mnoha ohledech souvis\u00ed se specifiky stavby t\u011bchto s\u00edt\u00ed, chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm jedin\u00fdm \u0159\u00eddic\u00edm centrem, kdy dominuj\u00ed slab\u00e9 vazby, neexistuj\u00ed tedy ani \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 metody, jak jim \u010delit.<\/p>\n<h2>Rusk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b ve v\u00e1lce proti Ukrajin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Rusk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b Odnoklassniki, VKontakt\u011b a <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mail.Ru\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Moj mir<\/a>, stejn\u011b jako instant messenger Agent Mail.Ru s\u00a0mailovou slu\u017ebou ICQ, jsou od roku 2014 zcela v\u00a0rukou rusk\u00e9 internetov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Mail.Ru Group. Obrazn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno v\u0161echny tvo\u0159\u00ed jednotnou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed internetovou platformu pod jednou \u201est\u0159echou\u201c. Mail.Ru Group \u0159\u00edd\u00ed rusk\u00fd oligarcha <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gezitter.org\/society\/1678_kto_takoy_alisher_usmanov_milliarder_sdelavshiy_sostoyanie_na_tsellofanovyih_paketah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ali\u0161er Usmanov<\/a> (45\u00a0%\u00a0akci\u00ed), kter\u00fd m\u00e1 bl\u00edzko ke Kremlu. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je \u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed z\u00a0pohledu soci\u00e1ln\u011b demografick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f. Ne\u017e byly na holding Mail.Ru Group uvaleny ukrajinsk\u00e9 sankce, byla hlavn\u00ed (p\u0159es 70\u00a0%\u00a0u\u017eivatel\u016f) c\u00edlovou skupinou VKontakt\u011b ml\u00e1de\u017e ve v\u011bku 9 a\u017e 23\u00a0let, Odnoklassniki m\u011bly hlavn\u00ed v\u011bkovou skupinu 40+. D\u00e1le pod patron\u00e1tem Mail.Ru Group vznikly seznamky Moj mir a Mamba.ru, kter\u00e9 se staly zdroji pro sb\u011br kompromituj\u00edc\u00edch informac\u00ed proti r\u016fzn\u00fdm lidem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hlavn\u00ed metodiky, jak pracovat s\u00a0obecenstvem, sledovaly tyto \u00fakoly:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>diskreditace ukrajinsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy;<\/li>\n<li>diskreditace, zesm\u011b\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a otev\u0159en\u011b provokativn\u00ed fake news proti Ozbrojen\u00fdm s\u00edl\u00e1m Ukrajiny;<\/li>\n<li>aktivity zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na vznik hnut\u00ed odporu loaj\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u016f\u010di RF na \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny, co\u017e bylo ve velk\u00e9m vyu\u017eito v\u00a0dob\u011b okupace Krymu, 60\u00a0%\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edch prorusk\u00fdch obyvatel toti\u017e vstoupilo do tzv. \u201eodd\u00edl\u016f domobrany Krymu\u201c pr\u00e1v\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm skupin na t\u011bchto soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch;<\/li>\n<li>verbov\u00e1n\u00ed Ukrajinc\u016f k\u00a0nez\u00e1konn\u00fdm banditsk\u00fdm formac\u00edm DLR a LLR;<\/li>\n<li>\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kremelsk\u00fdch my\u0161lenek o\u00a0\u201etrojjedin\u00e9m n\u00e1rod\u011b\u201c, \u201ejedin\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b\u201c, \u201erozpadu SSSR jako geopolitick\u00e9 trag\u00e9dii\u201c, \u201evytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda banderovc\u016f\u201c, propaganda obrazu Ukrajiny jako m\u00e9n\u011bcenn\u00e9ho um\u011bl\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Za samostatn\u00e9 vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed stoj\u00ed protievropsk\u00e1 a protiamerick\u00e1 r\u00e9torika;<\/li>\n<li>rozj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed prorusk\u00e9 ideologie, politik\u016f, ob\u010dansk\u00fdch aktivist\u016f a r\u00e1doby l\u00eddr\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>reprodukov\u00e1n\u00ed fake news rusk\u00e9 propagandy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hlavn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji pro zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatel v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Odnoklassniki a VKontakt\u011b byly tyto:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e1doby vlasteneck\u00fdch skupin<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 obsahovaly p\u0159es 90\u00a0% p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho a pravdiv\u00e9ho kontentu. Kdy\u017e komunita z\u00edskala d\u016fv\u011bru ve\u0159ejnosti a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det odb\u011bratel\u016f, za\u010dal se kl\u00e1st d\u016fraz na \u00fakoly od kremelsk\u00fdch dohl\u00ed\u017eitel\u016f. Velk\u00fd po\u010det odb\u011bratel tyto informace v\u00a0dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e rozn\u00e1\u0161el jako pravdiv\u00e9, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikaly fake news, kter\u00e9 vzbuzovaly odezvu ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00e1lka internetov\u00fdch hl\u00e1\u0161ek<\/strong>. V\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti p\u016fsobily cel\u00e9 \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 skupiny, kter\u00e9 generovaly internetov\u00e9 hl\u00e1\u0161ky podle zadan\u00fdch kremelsk\u00fdch t\u00e9mat. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee 90\u00a0%\u00a0obecenstva vn\u00edm\u00e1 obr\u00e1zky mnohem rychleji, kvalitn\u011bji a snadn\u011bji, ze za\u010d\u00e1tku to p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo ovoce.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159enos fake news ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed na televizn\u00ed obrazovky<\/strong>. To umo\u017e\u0148ovalo legitimizovat \u0159adu internetov\u00fdch hoax\u016f a vytvo\u0159it nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed narativy. Jejich reprodukov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0politick\u00fdch show a zpravodajsk\u00fdch relac\u00edch jim poskytovalo jak\u00e9si domn\u011bl\u00e9 potvrzen\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159elo dojem pravdiv\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch propagandist\u016f a \u201el\u00eddr\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed\u201c<\/strong>. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se to d\u011blalo s\u00a0\u00famyslem vytvo\u0159it vlastn\u00ed skupinu \u201eu\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch bloger\u016f\u201c. Jako v\u00fdrazn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st Anatolije \u0160arije. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm troll\u00edch farem a placen\u00e9ho kontentu se nasb\u00edralo velk\u00e9 obecenstvo a bloger se st\u00e1val zn\u00e1m\u00fdm. \u010casem z\u00edskal i vys\u00edlac\u00ed \u010das v\u00a0televizi prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zm\u00ednek v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch po\u0159adech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Rusk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b po blokaci na Ukrajin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Po z\u00e1kazu rusk\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b se tyto metodiky a skupiny, kter\u00e9 je provozovaly, postupn\u011b st\u011bhuj\u00ed na Facebook a Twitter, a jak ukazuje praxe, \u0161\u00e9fov\u00e9 ani zam\u011bstnanci pobo\u010dek t\u011bchto spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed na starosti ukrajinsk\u00fd sektor Facebooku, nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1jem kl\u00e1st t\u011bmto trend\u016fm odpor nebo je pot\u00edrat.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00a0RF na p\u0159\u00edpravu informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lky a hlavn\u00ed zadavatel\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 2012 objednala Slu\u017eba zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozv\u011bdky Ruska pr\u016fzkum monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed pro \u00fa\u010dely skryt\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed na internetu. T\u0159i neve\u0159ejn\u00e1 v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00a0hodnot\u011b p\u0159es 30\u00a0milion\u016f rubl\u016f byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2012. Dodavatelem se stala spole\u010dnost Iteranet, v\u00a0jej\u00edm\u017e \u010dele stoj\u00ed Igor Mackevi\u010d, n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1stupce vedouc\u00edho \u00dastavu kryptografie, spoj\u016f a informatiky v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Akademie FSB.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f3dov\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou Disput, Monitor-3 a \u0160torm-12, zadavatelem je FKU\u00a0\u201eVojensk\u00fd \u00fatvar \u010d.\u00a054939\u201c, odbor informatizace SZR. Disput v\u00a0hodnot\u011b 4.400.000\u00a0rubl\u016f m\u00e1 v\u00a0zad\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoj programu pro pr\u016fzkum internetov\u00fdch center a region\u00e1ln\u00edch segment\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, Monitor-3 v\u00a0hodnot\u011b 4.900.000\u00a0rubl\u016f se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm metod skryt\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na internetu, \u0160torm-12 v\u00a0hodnot\u011b 22.800.000\u00a0rubl\u016f popt\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumnou \u010dinnost pro metody prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni maj\u00ed ru\u0161t\u00ed zpravodajci k\u00a0dispozici n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 generuj\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed informace na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch a analyzuj\u00ed, na \u010dem z\u00e1vis\u00ed jejich popularita a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enost. N\u00e1sledn\u011b virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed komunity p\u0159ibran\u00fdch expert\u016f prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed sb\u011br a anal\u00fdzu informac\u00ed, a syst\u00e9m vhazuje po\u017eadovan\u00e9 informace na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Automaticky prob\u00edh\u00e1 hromadn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch sd\u011blen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch profil\u016f, shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed se statistiky a \u00fadaje o\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinnosti informa\u010dn\u00ed vlny a vhodnosti nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eeb na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0roce 2018 ozn\u00e1mila skupina hacker\u016f (Digital Revolution) nabour\u00e1n\u00ed serveru v\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Kvant, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed FSB, a odhalila syst\u00e9m pro anal\u00fdzu soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00ed chulig\u00e1ni sd\u00edleli dokumenty v\u00a0celkov\u00e9m rozsahu 300\u00a0stran popisuj\u00edc\u00ed princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a m\u00e9di\u00ed. Analyzovat lze publikace na VKontakt\u011b, Odnoklassniki, Facebooku a Instagramu.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed je zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed protestn\u00edch n\u00e1lad. <strong>Neuros\u00ed\u0165 po\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 pro anal\u00fdzy dok\u00e1\u017ee nejen vyhledat po\u017eadovan\u00e9 publikace dle kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch slov, ale tak\u00e9 zjistit jejich t\u00f3n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0roce 2018 USA uvalily sankce na v\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav Kvant kv\u016fli vazb\u00e1m na FSB, do jej\u00ed\u017e p\u016fsobnosti spad\u00e1. Rusk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed org\u00e1ny ji\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed syst\u00e9my Medialogija a Ka\u0165u\u0161a slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k\u00a0monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. P\u0159edm\u011btem standardn\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho kontraktu s\u00a0Medialogi\u00ed je vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed feder\u00e1ln\u00edch a region\u00e1ln\u00edch televiz\u00ed a r\u00e1di\u00ed, \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f v\u00a0novin\u00e1ch a elektronick\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch. T\u0159eba p\u0159episy televizn\u00edch po\u0159ad\u016f zmi\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch jist\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova mus\u00ed m\u00edt zadavatel\u00e9 na stole hodinu a p\u016fl po odvys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Stoj\u00ed za pozn\u00e1mku, \u017ee 21.\u00a0listopadu 2019 schv\u00e1lila St\u00e1tn\u00ed duma ve t\u0159et\u00edm definitivn\u00edm \u010dlen\u00ed n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd zvy\u0161uje pokutu za opakovan\u00e9 odm\u00edtnut\u00ed poskytnout \u0161ifrovac\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de FSB na 6.000.000\u00a0rubl\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed obliba soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, zapojen\u00ed milion\u016f lid\u00ed, jejich nekontrolovanost a prakticky chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 vztahy mezi lidmi tak \u010din\u00ed ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed mocnou zbra\u0148 pro destabilizaci situace v\u00a0zemi celkov\u011b. Pr\u00e1v\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed se daj\u00ed dob\u0159e podn\u011bcovat ideologick\u00e9, etnick\u00e9 nebo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty, struktura soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed toti\u017e po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0anonymitou, uzav\u0159enost\u00ed a obt\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jednotn\u00e9ho centra, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak jsou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b schopny sdru\u017eovat nejednotn\u00e9 a fyzicky nijak nepropojen\u00e9 organizace a protestn\u00ed skupiny.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff9900\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/03\/40768678_1840842949284747_3064941284364910592_n.jpg\" width=\"127\" height=\"50\" \/>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek zpracovali experti od Ukrajinsk\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 iniciativy (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ukrstratigic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">USI<\/a><span style=\"color: #ff9900\">) speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dobrovolnick\u00e9 komunity<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/dejiny-informnapalmu-odpovedi-na-casto-kladene-otazky-faq\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InformNapalm<\/a><span style=\"color: #ff9900\">.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u010ct\u011bte a sd\u00edlejte tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky od InformNapalmu<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/moderni-ruske-soupravy-radioelektronickeho-boje-zaznamenany-na-donbasu-foto\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Modern\u00ed rusk\u00e9 soupravy radioelektronick\u00e9ho boje zaznamen\u00e1ny na Donbasu<\/a> (FOTO)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/jak-matky-manzelky-a-sestry-ruskych-vojaku-nevedomky-pomahaji-informnapalmu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jak matky, man\u017eelky a sestry rusk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f nev\u011bdomky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed InformNapalmu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/shromazdeny-dukazy-ucasti-velitele-a-posadky-raketoveho-clunu-r-60-na-agresi-proti-ukrajine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny d\u016fkazy \u00fa\u010dasti velitele a pos\u00e1dky raketov\u00e9ho \u010dlunu R-60 na agresi proti Ukrajin\u011b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/zjisteny-osobni-udaje-velitele-velke-vysadkove-lodi-orsk-ktery-ridil-akce-posadky-pri-zaboru-krymu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zji\u0161t\u011bny osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje velitele velk\u00e9 v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 lodi Orsk, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00eddil akce pos\u00e1dky p\u0159i z\u00e1boru Krymu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/mezi-pozorovateli-obse-na-donbasu-je-vice-rusu-v-jejich-hlasenich-zaznamenany-manipulace\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mezi pozorovateli OBSE na Donbasu je v\u00edce Rus\u016f. V\u00a0jejich hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch zaznamen\u00e1ny manipulace<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/shrnuti-informnapalmu-ruska-agrese-nezna-hranice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shrnut\u00ed InformNapalmu: rusk\u00e1 agrese nezn\u00e1 hranice<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/dobrovolnici-nasbirali-dukazy-ucasti-32-vojenskych-jednotek-ozbrojenych-sil-rf-na-zaboru-krymu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dobrovoln\u00edci nasb\u00edrali d\u016fkazy \u00fa\u010dasti 32\u00a0vojensk\u00fdch jednotek Ozbrojen\u00fdch sil RF na z\u00e1boru Krymu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/databaze-a-videografika-nejmodernejsich-zbrani-ozbrojenych-sil-rf-na-donbasu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Datab\u00e1ze a videografika nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zbran\u00ed Ozbrojen\u00fdch sil RF<\/a> na Donbasu<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/vyznamenani-ruskych-vojaku-jako-cejch-valecnych-zlocincu-databaze-a-videografika\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f jako cejch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010dinc\u016f. Datab\u00e1ze a videografika<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/krym-za-zavisoyu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ve\u0159ejnosti poprv\u00e9 zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bna kniha \u201eKrym za oponou. Pr\u016fvodce okupa\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3nou\u201c<\/a> <em>(ukrajinsky)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruske-veleni-dodava-na-donbas-armadni-dronove-soupravy-foto-dokumentu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rusk\u00e9 velen\u00ed dod\u00e1v\u00e1 na Donbas arm\u00e1dn\u00ed dronov\u00e9 soupravy<\/a>. Foto dokumentu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/12\/InformNapalm_logo_05.png\" width=\"114\" height=\"50\" \/>\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nebo p\u0159evzet\u00ed s\u00a0odkazem na zdroj je v\u00edt\u00e1no! (Creative Commons\u00a0\u2014 Attribution\u00a04.0 International\u00a0\u2014 CC BY 4.0). Str\u00e1nka komunity InformNapalm na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti Facebook v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/informnapalmcesko\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InformNapalm \u010cesko<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><\/p>\n<div class=\"alert alert-success\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"close\">&#215;<\/button><br \/>\nChce\u0161 pracovat pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komunitu InformNapalm jako dobrovoln\u00edk, nebo m\u00e1\u0161 pro n\u00e1s zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 informace? <\/em><strong><em>Napi\u0161 soukromou zpr\u00e1vu <\/em><\/strong><em>na na\u0161i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/informnapalm24\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hlavn\u00ed v\u00edcejazy\u010dnou str\u00e1nku<\/a> na Facebooku nebo na osobn\u00ed str\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/burkonews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0161\u00e9fredaktora<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Chce\u0161 p\u0159isp\u011bt finan\u010dn\u011b a st\u00e1t se na\u0161im filantropem, abys pomohl dobrovoln\u00edk\u016fm hradit n\u00e1klady na provoz webu? <\/em><strong><em>P\u0159ihlas se k\u00a0zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed minip\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f pro InformNapalm <\/em><\/strong><em>p\u0159es Patreon: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/informnapalm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/informnapalm<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Chce\u0161 n\u00e1s podpo\u0159it mor\u00e1ln\u011b? <strong>Aktivn\u011b sd\u00edlej na\u0161e studie v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, vypaluj agresora informa\u010dn\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b s n\u00e1mi!<br \/>\n<\/strong><em><\/p>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/em><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>P\u0159eklad: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scyhol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme analytick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek o\u00a0roli soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lce. Tento analytick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek obsahuje mnoho zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch informac\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":8147,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,523,516,754],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-analytics","category-all-news","category-spolecnost-all-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ukrajinsk\u00e1 strategick\u00e1 iniciativa: jak Rusko vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pro informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lku - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ukrajinska-strategicka-iniciativa-jak-rusko-vyuziva-socialni-site-pro-informacni-valku\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ukrajinsk\u00e1 strategick\u00e1 iniciativa: jak Rusko vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pro informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lku - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme analytick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek o\u00a0roli soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lce. Tento analytick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek obsahuje mnoho zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch informac\u00ed...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ukrajinska-strategicka-iniciativa-jak-rusko-vyuziva-socialni-site-pro-informacni-valku\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-03-11T14:57:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-03-13T15:10:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/03\/Ukrajinsk\u00e1-strategick\u00e1-iniciativa_-jak-Rusko-vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1-soci\u00e1ln\u00ed-s\u00edt\u011b-pro-informa\u010dn\u00ed-v\u00e1lku.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"642\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"336\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"svatoslav\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"svatoslav\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ukrajinska-strategicka-iniciativa-jak-rusko-vyuziva-socialni-site-pro-informacni-valku\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ukrajinska-strategicka-iniciativa-jak-rusko-vyuziva-socialni-site-pro-informacni-valku\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"svatoslav\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/df2cf86bd5e35ae01a82d1108d3c5f51\"},\"headline\":\"Ukrajinsk\u00e1 strategick\u00e1 iniciativa: jak Rusko vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pro informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lku\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-11T14:57:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-03-13T15:10:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ukrajinska-strategicka-iniciativa-jak-rusko-vyuziva-socialni-site-pro-informacni-valku\/\"},\"wordCount\":3058,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ukrajinska-strategicka-iniciativa-jak-rusko-vyuziva-socialni-site-pro-informacni-valku\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2020\/03\/Ukrajinsk\u00e1-strategick\u00e1-iniciativa_-jak-Rusko-vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1-soci\u00e1ln\u00ed-s\u00edt\u011b-pro-informa\u010dn\u00ed-v\u00e1lku.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Aktuality\",\"Analytika\",\"Novinky\",\"Spole\u010dnost\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ukrajinska-strategicka-iniciativa-jak-rusko-vyuziva-socialni-site-pro-informacni-valku\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ukrajinska-strategicka-iniciativa-jak-rusko-vyuziva-socialni-site-pro-informacni-valku\/\",\"name\":\"Ukrajinsk\u00e1 strategick\u00e1 iniciativa: jak Rusko vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pro informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lku - 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Tento analytick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek obsahuje mnoho zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch informac\u00ed prozrazuj\u00edc\u00edch metody, zp\u016fsoby, prost\u0159edky a rozsah informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lky, kterou vede Rusk\u00e1 federace nejen proti Ukrajin\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 proti dal\u0161\u00edm st\u00e1t\u016fm sv\u011bta. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek exkluzivn\u011b zpracovali experti z\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/strategic.com.ua\/en\/mission\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ukrajinsk\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 iniciativy (USI)<\/a> speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e webu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dobrovolnick\u00e9 komunity <a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/dejiny-informnapalmu-odpovedi-na-casto-kladene-otazky-faq\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InformNapalm<\/a>.<\/strong><!--more-->\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>\u201eNa propagandu za \u00fa\u010delem diskreditace Ukrajiny vynalo\u017eil Putin p\u0159es 9\u00a0miliard dolar\u016f\u201c<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>Dan Mike, kongresman USA<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lka. Obecn\u00e9 pojmy, kter\u00e9 je dobr\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, abychom se ochr\u00e1nili p\u0159ed vlivem agresora<\/h2>\r\nVelk\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed v\u00a0postmodern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti vede k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b ve\u0161ker\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch prax\u00ed a instituc\u00ed. Roz\u0161i\u0159uje se spektrum mo\u017enosti pro manipulov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0pov\u011bdom\u00edm d\u00edky n\u00e1r\u016fstu obecenstva na s\u00edti Internet.\r\n\r\nInternet je prostorem napln\u011bn\u00fdm obrovsk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm informac\u00ed, jejich\u017e pravdivost prost\u011b nelze ov\u011b\u0159it, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e internetu nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v\u016f\u010di manipulac\u00edm v\u0161eho druhu. Dalo by se \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee se <strong>kybernetick\u00fd prostor stal boji\u0161t\u011bm informa\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 proti sob\u011b vedou r\u016fzn\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, politick\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 skupiny, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 a etnick\u00e9 komunity o\u00a0hlavy a srdce lid\u00ed.\r\n\r\nSoci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b p\u0159estaly b\u00fdt pouh\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak obnovit ztracen\u00e9 vztahy, vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor nebo poskytnout prostor pro gratulace p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm, stala se z\u00a0nich zbra\u0148 pro veden\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek, slou\u017e\u00ed toti\u017e jako komunika\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edek pro mnoho lid\u00ed, co\u017e jim d\u00e1v\u00e1 jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost ovliv\u0148ovat pov\u011bdom\u00ed dost \u0161irok\u00e9ho obecenstva soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho kolem ur\u010dit\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia.\r\n\r\nU\u017eivatel\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed objekty neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho vlivu ze strany r\u016fzn\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch a politick\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed naplnit sv\u00e9 c\u00edle. S\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee i p\u0159es otev\u0159enost soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a mo\u017enost konfrontovat protich\u016fdn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory se pr\u00e1v\u011b ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd prost\u0159edek pro manipulov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00edm.\r\n\r\nP\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0tomu p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jejich rostouc\u00ed obliba, zapojen\u00ed milion\u016f lid\u00ed, nekontrolovanost a prakticky chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 vztahy mezi lidmi, kter\u00e9 jsou nahrazov\u00e1ny napodobov\u00e1n\u00edm komunikace. V\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b si v\u0161echny st\u00e1ty uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b nejsou jen zdrojem z\u00e1bavy, ale p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed tak\u00e9 mo\u017enost politick\u00fdch manipulac\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z\u00a0vlivov\u00fdch skupin a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd st\u00e1t tedy potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enosti soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed nep\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.\r\n<h2>Metody a zp\u016fsoby manipulov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00edm v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lce<\/h2>\r\nInforma\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lky na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stejn\u00fdch metod, kter\u00e9 jsou typick\u00e9 pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy manipulac\u00ed s\u00a0pov\u011bdom\u00edm. V\u00a0prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je to <strong>zaml\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo skr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch informac\u00ed<\/strong>. Pro soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b je n\u011bco zaml\u010det velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jsou v\u017edy otev\u0159en\u00e9 pro zpr\u00e1vy a koment\u00e1\u0159e, je tu v\u0161ak prostor pro moder\u00e1tory s\u00edt\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 informace odstra\u0148uj\u00ed a neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed je sd\u00edlet.\r\n\r\nNem\u00e9n\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 je nejen <strong>zaml\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed<\/strong>, ale tak\u00e9 jejich tzv. <strong>zamlouv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, kdy se skute\u010dn\u011b cenn\u00e1 informace ztr\u00e1c\u00ed mezi bezobsa\u017en\u00fdmi a m\u00e1lo v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi sd\u011blen\u00edmi, a informace jsou pod\u00e1v\u00e1ny tak, \u017ee je lze jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed rozeznat od nepravdiv\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v.\r\n\r\nDal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem veden\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek se st\u00e1v\u00e1 <strong>sm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pojm\u016f<\/strong>, kdy tent\u00fd\u017e jev dost\u00e1v\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 definice podle toho, jak\u00fd z\u00e1jem n\u011bkter\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed sleduje. T\u0159eba v\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b se m\u016f\u017ee ozna\u010dovat jak v\u00fdrazem \u201eprotiteroristick\u00e1 operace\u201c, tak \u201eboj proti separatist\u016fm\u201c. Term\u00edny \u201edemokracie\u201c a \u201eliberalismus\u201c mohou m\u00edt jak kladnou, tak z\u00e1pornou konotaci. P\u0159ipojen\u00ed Krymu se m\u016f\u017ee pod\u00e1vat jako \u201eanexe\u201c nebo jako \u201eprojev v\u016fle lidu\u201c.\r\n\r\nV\u00fdznamnou roli v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch hraje <strong>p\u0159esouv\u00e1n\u00ed pozornosti<\/strong> od d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v k\u00a0n\u011b\u010demu m\u00e1lo v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu a n\u00e1hodn\u00e9mu. Pro \u010dlov\u011bka je v\u016fbec t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 naj\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed vod\u00edtko v\u00a0penzu informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b obsahuj\u00ed, ale kdy\u017e je jeho pozornost permanentn\u011b pout\u00e1na k\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00a0zemi a ve sv\u011bt\u011b, lze tuto pozornost snadno zaml\u017eit a odvr\u00e1tit od informace, kter\u00e1 je pro n\u011bj skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e1.\r\n\r\nZaj\u00edmavou metodu, jak manipulovat s\u00a0pov\u011bdom\u00edm, p\u0159edstavuje <strong>\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na pojmech, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam<\/strong>, tedy jak\u00fdchsi archetyp\u016f, do nich\u017e m\u016f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd vlo\u017eit ten v\u00fdznam, kter\u00fd se mu hod\u00ed. T\u0159eba v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il pojem \u201educhovn\u00ed poj\u00edtka\u201c, kter\u00fd si bu\u010f m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u011bdomit jen na intuitivn\u00ed \u00farovni, nebo v\u016fbec postr\u00e1d\u00e1 jak\u00fdkoli v\u00fdznam.\r\n\r\n<strong>Negativn\u00ed informace poutaj\u00ed mnohem v\u00edce pozornosti ne\u017e ty pozitivn\u00ed<\/strong>. Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na stinn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky \u017eivota, ne\u0159esti a obvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed generuje odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ru a vytla\u010duje dobr\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti na okraj informa\u010dn\u00edho pole. Na tuto metodu navazuje tak\u00e9 <strong>vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u00fasudk\u016f, mezi nimi\u017e nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e1 souvislost<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nZe soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed se v\u00a0podstat\u011b stal <u>nov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro veden\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek<\/u>, tohoto n\u00e1stroje vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vl\u00e1dy r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed, organizace politick\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 sekty atd. Vznik\u00e1 rozpor mezi velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm informac\u00ed a lidskou schopnost\u00ed se v\u00a0nich vyznat, a pon\u011bvad\u017e soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ml\u00e1de\u017e, pr\u00e1v\u011b ona se st\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00edm nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm objektem ideologick\u00fdch manipulac\u00ed ze strany nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch struktur.\r\n\r\nZe soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed jako\u017eto zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdm\u011bny a p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, kde jsou vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1ny n\u00e1zory ke v\u0161emu tomu d\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017ee u\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bka vzbudit z\u00e1jem, se st\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 forma politick\u00e9ho vlivu, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je \u010dinnost opozice zt\u00ed\u017eena nebo v\u00a0zemi konstruktivn\u00ed opozice chyb\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch sd\u00edlej\u00ed sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na vl\u00e1du, vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed nespokojenost s\u00a0jej\u00edmi postupy nebo jejich podporu.\r\n\r\nPr\u00e1v\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b z\u00edskat p\u0159edstavu o\u00a0protestn\u00edch n\u00e1lad\u00e1ch ve spole\u010dnosti a vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed ot\u00e1zku, jak\u00fd postoj m\u00e1 vl\u00e1da k\u00a0t\u011bmto n\u00e1lad\u00e1m zaujmout. Do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed monopol vl\u00e1dy na informace, co\u017e vl\u00e1d\u011b na jednu stranu umo\u017e\u0148uje zabr\u00e1nit chyb\u00e1m, na druhou stranu to stav\u00ed internetovou komunitu do zraniteln\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed v\u016f\u010di nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm manipulac\u00edm.\r\n\r\nSt\u00e1tn\u00ed struktury nedok\u00e1\u017eou bojovat proti informac\u00edm \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, co\u017e v\u00a0mnoha ohledech souvis\u00ed se specifiky stavby t\u011bchto s\u00edt\u00ed, chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm jedin\u00fdm \u0159\u00eddic\u00edm centrem, kdy dominuj\u00ed slab\u00e9 vazby, neexistuj\u00ed tedy ani \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 metody, jak jim \u010delit.\r\n<h2>Rusk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b ve v\u00e1lce proti Ukrajin\u011b<\/h2>\r\nRusk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b Odnoklassniki, VKontakt\u011b a <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mail.Ru\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Moj mir<\/a>, stejn\u011b jako instant messenger Agent Mail.Ru s\u00a0mailovou slu\u017ebou ICQ, jsou od roku 2014 zcela v\u00a0rukou rusk\u00e9 internetov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Mail.Ru Group. Obrazn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno v\u0161echny tvo\u0159\u00ed jednotnou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed internetovou platformu pod jednou \u201est\u0159echou\u201c. Mail.Ru Group \u0159\u00edd\u00ed rusk\u00fd oligarcha <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gezitter.org\/society\/1678_kto_takoy_alisher_usmanov_milliarder_sdelavshiy_sostoyanie_na_tsellofanovyih_paketah\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ali\u0161er Usmanov<\/a> (45\u00a0%\u00a0akci\u00ed), kter\u00fd m\u00e1 bl\u00edzko ke Kremlu. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je \u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed z\u00a0pohledu soci\u00e1ln\u011b demografick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f. Ne\u017e byly na holding Mail.Ru Group uvaleny ukrajinsk\u00e9 sankce, byla hlavn\u00ed (p\u0159es 70\u00a0%\u00a0u\u017eivatel\u016f) c\u00edlovou skupinou VKontakt\u011b ml\u00e1de\u017e ve v\u011bku 9 a\u017e 23\u00a0let, Odnoklassniki m\u011bly hlavn\u00ed v\u011bkovou skupinu 40+. D\u00e1le pod patron\u00e1tem Mail.Ru Group vznikly seznamky Moj mir a Mamba.ru, kter\u00e9 se staly zdroji pro sb\u011br kompromituj\u00edc\u00edch informac\u00ed proti r\u016fzn\u00fdm lidem.\r\n\r\n<strong>Hlavn\u00ed metodiky, jak pracovat s\u00a0obecenstvem, sledovaly tyto \u00fakoly:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>diskreditace ukrajinsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>diskreditace, zesm\u011b\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a otev\u0159en\u011b provokativn\u00ed fake news proti Ozbrojen\u00fdm s\u00edl\u00e1m Ukrajiny;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>aktivity zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na vznik hnut\u00ed odporu loaj\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u016f\u010di RF na \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny, co\u017e bylo ve velk\u00e9m vyu\u017eito v\u00a0dob\u011b okupace Krymu, 60\u00a0%\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edch prorusk\u00fdch obyvatel toti\u017e vstoupilo do tzv. \u201eodd\u00edl\u016f domobrany Krymu\u201c pr\u00e1v\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm skupin na t\u011bchto soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>verbov\u00e1n\u00ed Ukrajinc\u016f k\u00a0nez\u00e1konn\u00fdm banditsk\u00fdm formac\u00edm DLR a LLR;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kremelsk\u00fdch my\u0161lenek o\u00a0\u201etrojjedin\u00e9m n\u00e1rod\u011b\u201c, \u201ejedin\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b\u201c, \u201erozpadu SSSR jako geopolitick\u00e9 trag\u00e9dii\u201c, \u201evytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda banderovc\u016f\u201c, propaganda obrazu Ukrajiny jako m\u00e9n\u011bcenn\u00e9ho um\u011bl\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Za samostatn\u00e9 vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed stoj\u00ed protievropsk\u00e1 a protiamerick\u00e1 r\u00e9torika;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>rozj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed prorusk\u00e9 ideologie, politik\u016f, ob\u010dansk\u00fdch aktivist\u016f a r\u00e1doby l\u00eddr\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>reprodukov\u00e1n\u00ed fake news rusk\u00e9 propagandy.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nHlavn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji pro zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatel v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Odnoklassniki a VKontakt\u011b byly tyto:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e1doby vlasteneck\u00fdch skupin<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 obsahovaly p\u0159es 90\u00a0% p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho a pravdiv\u00e9ho kontentu. Kdy\u017e komunita z\u00edskala d\u016fv\u011bru ve\u0159ejnosti a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det odb\u011bratel\u016f, za\u010dal se kl\u00e1st d\u016fraz na \u00fakoly od kremelsk\u00fdch dohl\u00ed\u017eitel\u016f. Velk\u00fd po\u010det odb\u011bratel tyto informace v\u00a0dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e rozn\u00e1\u0161el jako pravdiv\u00e9, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikaly fake news, kter\u00e9 vzbuzovaly odezvu ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>V\u00e1lka internetov\u00fdch hl\u00e1\u0161ek<\/strong>. V\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti p\u016fsobily cel\u00e9 \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 skupiny, kter\u00e9 generovaly internetov\u00e9 hl\u00e1\u0161ky podle zadan\u00fdch kremelsk\u00fdch t\u00e9mat. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee 90\u00a0%\u00a0obecenstva vn\u00edm\u00e1 obr\u00e1zky mnohem rychleji, kvalitn\u011bji a snadn\u011bji, ze za\u010d\u00e1tku to p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo ovoce.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>P\u0159enos fake news ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed na televizn\u00ed obrazovky<\/strong>. To umo\u017e\u0148ovalo legitimizovat \u0159adu internetov\u00fdch hoax\u016f a vytvo\u0159it nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed narativy. Jejich reprodukov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0politick\u00fdch show a zpravodajsk\u00fdch relac\u00edch jim poskytovalo jak\u00e9si domn\u011bl\u00e9 potvrzen\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159elo dojem pravdiv\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch propagandist\u016f a \u201el\u00eddr\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed\u201c<\/strong>. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se to d\u011blalo s\u00a0\u00famyslem vytvo\u0159it vlastn\u00ed skupinu \u201eu\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch bloger\u016f\u201c. Jako v\u00fdrazn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st Anatolije \u0160arije. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm troll\u00edch farem a placen\u00e9ho kontentu se nasb\u00edralo velk\u00e9 obecenstvo a bloger se st\u00e1val zn\u00e1m\u00fdm. \u010casem z\u00edskal i vys\u00edlac\u00ed \u010das v\u00a0televizi prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zm\u00ednek v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch po\u0159adech.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Rusk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b po blokaci na Ukrajin\u011b<\/h2>\r\nPo z\u00e1kazu rusk\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b se tyto metodiky a skupiny, kter\u00e9 je provozovaly, postupn\u011b st\u011bhuj\u00ed na Facebook a Twitter, a jak ukazuje praxe, \u0161\u00e9fov\u00e9 ani zam\u011bstnanci pobo\u010dek t\u011bchto spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed na starosti ukrajinsk\u00fd sektor Facebooku, nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1jem kl\u00e1st t\u011bmto trend\u016fm odpor nebo je pot\u00edrat.\r\n<h2>V\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00a0RF na p\u0159\u00edpravu informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lky a hlavn\u00ed zadavatel\u00e9<\/h2>\r\nJi\u017e v\u00a0roce 2012 objednala Slu\u017eba zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozv\u011bdky Ruska pr\u016fzkum monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed pro \u00fa\u010dely skryt\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed na internetu. T\u0159i neve\u0159ejn\u00e1 v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00a0hodnot\u011b p\u0159es 30\u00a0milion\u016f rubl\u016f byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2012. Dodavatelem se stala spole\u010dnost Iteranet, v\u00a0jej\u00edm\u017e \u010dele stoj\u00ed Igor Mackevi\u010d, n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1stupce vedouc\u00edho \u00dastavu kryptografie, spoj\u016f a informatiky v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Akademie FSB.\r\n\r\nK\u00f3dov\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou Disput, Monitor-3 a \u0160torm-12, zadavatelem je FKU\u00a0\u201eVojensk\u00fd \u00fatvar \u010d.\u00a054939\u201c, odbor informatizace SZR. Disput v\u00a0hodnot\u011b 4.400.000\u00a0rubl\u016f m\u00e1 v\u00a0zad\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoj programu pro pr\u016fzkum internetov\u00fdch center a region\u00e1ln\u00edch segment\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, Monitor-3 v\u00a0hodnot\u011b 4.900.000\u00a0rubl\u016f se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm metod skryt\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na internetu, \u0160torm-12 v\u00a0hodnot\u011b 22.800.000\u00a0rubl\u016f popt\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumnou \u010dinnost pro metody prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.\r\n\r\nK\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni maj\u00ed ru\u0161t\u00ed zpravodajci k\u00a0dispozici n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 generuj\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed informace na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch a analyzuj\u00ed, na \u010dem z\u00e1vis\u00ed jejich popularita a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enost. N\u00e1sledn\u011b virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed komunity p\u0159ibran\u00fdch expert\u016f prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed sb\u011br a anal\u00fdzu informac\u00ed, a syst\u00e9m vhazuje po\u017eadovan\u00e9 informace na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.\r\n\r\nAutomaticky prob\u00edh\u00e1 hromadn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch sd\u011blen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch profil\u016f, shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed se statistiky a \u00fadaje o\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinnosti informa\u010dn\u00ed vlny a vhodnosti nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eeb na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.\r\n\r\nV\u00a0roce 2018 ozn\u00e1mila skupina hacker\u016f (Digital Revolution) nabour\u00e1n\u00ed serveru v\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Kvant, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed FSB, a odhalila syst\u00e9m pro anal\u00fdzu soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed.\r\n\r\nPo\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00ed chulig\u00e1ni sd\u00edleli dokumenty v\u00a0celkov\u00e9m rozsahu 300\u00a0stran popisuj\u00edc\u00ed princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a m\u00e9di\u00ed. Analyzovat lze publikace na VKontakt\u011b, Odnoklassniki, Facebooku a Instagramu.\r\n\r\nHlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed je zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed protestn\u00edch n\u00e1lad. <strong>Neuros\u00ed\u0165 po\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 pro anal\u00fdzy dok\u00e1\u017ee nejen vyhledat po\u017eadovan\u00e9 publikace dle kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch slov, ale tak\u00e9 zjistit jejich t\u00f3n<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nV\u00a0roce 2018 USA uvalily sankce na v\u011bdeckov\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav Kvant kv\u016fli vazb\u00e1m na FSB, do jej\u00ed\u017e p\u016fsobnosti spad\u00e1. Rusk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed org\u00e1ny ji\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed syst\u00e9my Medialogija a Ka\u0165u\u0161a slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k\u00a0monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. P\u0159edm\u011btem standardn\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho kontraktu s\u00a0Medialogi\u00ed je vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed feder\u00e1ln\u00edch a region\u00e1ln\u00edch televiz\u00ed a r\u00e1di\u00ed, \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f v\u00a0novin\u00e1ch a elektronick\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch. T\u0159eba p\u0159episy televizn\u00edch po\u0159ad\u016f zmi\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch jist\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova mus\u00ed m\u00edt zadavatel\u00e9 na stole hodinu a p\u016fl po odvys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed.\r\n\r\nStoj\u00ed za pozn\u00e1mku, \u017ee 21.\u00a0listopadu 2019 schv\u00e1lila St\u00e1tn\u00ed duma ve t\u0159et\u00edm definitivn\u00edm \u010dlen\u00ed n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd zvy\u0161uje pokutu za opakovan\u00e9 odm\u00edtnut\u00ed poskytnout \u0161ifrovac\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de FSB na 6.000.000\u00a0rubl\u016f.\r\n\r\n<strong>Nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed obliba soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, zapojen\u00ed milion\u016f lid\u00ed, jejich nekontrolovanost a prakticky chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 vztahy mezi lidmi tak \u010din\u00ed ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed mocnou zbra\u0148 pro destabilizaci situace v\u00a0zemi celkov\u011b. Pr\u00e1v\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed se daj\u00ed dob\u0159e podn\u011bcovat ideologick\u00e9, etnick\u00e9 nebo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty, struktura soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed toti\u017e po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0anonymitou, uzav\u0159enost\u00ed a obt\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jednotn\u00e9ho centra, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak jsou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b schopny sdru\u017eovat nejednotn\u00e9 a fyzicky nijak nepropojen\u00e9 organizace a protestn\u00ed skupiny.<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff9900\"><img class=\"alignleft \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2020\/03\/40768678_1840842949284747_3064941284364910592_n.jpg\" width=\"127\" height=\"50\" \/>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek zpracovali experti od Ukrajinsk\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 iniciativy (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ukrstratigic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">USI<\/a><span style=\"color: #ff9900\">) speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dobrovolnick\u00e9 komunity<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/dejiny-informnapalmu-odpovedi-na-casto-kladene-otazky-faq\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InformNapalm<\/a><span style=\"color: #ff9900\">.<\/span><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>\u010ct\u011bte a sd\u00edlejte tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky od InformNapalmu<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/moderni-ruske-soupravy-radioelektronickeho-boje-zaznamenany-na-donbasu-foto\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Modern\u00ed rusk\u00e9 soupravy radioelektronick\u00e9ho boje zaznamen\u00e1ny na Donbasu<\/a> (FOTO)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/jak-matky-manzelky-a-sestry-ruskych-vojaku-nevedomky-pomahaji-informnapalmu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jak matky, man\u017eelky a sestry rusk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f nev\u011bdomky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed InformNapalmu<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/shromazdeny-dukazy-ucasti-velitele-a-posadky-raketoveho-clunu-r-60-na-agresi-proti-ukrajine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny d\u016fkazy \u00fa\u010dasti velitele a pos\u00e1dky raketov\u00e9ho \u010dlunu R-60 na agresi proti Ukrajin\u011b<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/zjisteny-osobni-udaje-velitele-velke-vysadkove-lodi-orsk-ktery-ridil-akce-posadky-pri-zaboru-krymu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zji\u0161t\u011bny osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje velitele velk\u00e9 v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 lodi Orsk, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00eddil akce pos\u00e1dky p\u0159i z\u00e1boru Krymu<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/mezi-pozorovateli-obse-na-donbasu-je-vice-rusu-v-jejich-hlasenich-zaznamenany-manipulace\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mezi pozorovateli OBSE na Donbasu je v\u00edce Rus\u016f. V\u00a0jejich hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch zaznamen\u00e1ny manipulace<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/shrnuti-informnapalmu-ruska-agrese-nezna-hranice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shrnut\u00ed InformNapalmu: rusk\u00e1 agrese nezn\u00e1 hranice<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/dobrovolnici-nasbirali-dukazy-ucasti-32-vojenskych-jednotek-ozbrojenych-sil-rf-na-zaboru-krymu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dobrovoln\u00edci nasb\u00edrali d\u016fkazy \u00fa\u010dasti 32\u00a0vojensk\u00fdch jednotek Ozbrojen\u00fdch sil RF na z\u00e1boru Krymu<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/databaze-a-videografika-nejmodernejsich-zbrani-ozbrojenych-sil-rf-na-donbasu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Datab\u00e1ze a videografika nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zbran\u00ed Ozbrojen\u00fdch sil RF<\/a> na Donbasu<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/vyznamenani-ruskych-vojaku-jako-cejch-valecnych-zlocincu-databaze-a-videografika\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f jako cejch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010dinc\u016f. Datab\u00e1ze a videografika<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/ua\/krym-za-zavisoyu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ve\u0159ejnosti poprv\u00e9 zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bna kniha \u201eKrym za oponou. Pr\u016fvodce okupa\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3nou\u201c<\/a> <em>(ukrajinsky)<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruske-veleni-dodava-na-donbas-armadni-dronove-soupravy-foto-dokumentu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rusk\u00e9 velen\u00ed dod\u00e1v\u00e1 na Donbas arm\u00e1dn\u00ed dronov\u00e9 soupravy<\/a>. Foto dokumentu<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignleft \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/12\/InformNapalm_logo_05.png\" width=\"114\" height=\"50\" \/>\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nebo p\u0159evzet\u00ed s\u00a0odkazem na zdroj je v\u00edt\u00e1no! (Creative Commons\u00a0\u2014 Attribution\u00a04.0 International\u00a0\u2014 CC BY 4.0). Str\u00e1nka komunity InformNapalm na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti Facebook v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tin\u011b: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/informnapalmcesko\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InformNapalm \u010cesko<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<em>[alert alert_type=\"success\" ]\r\nChce\u0161 pracovat pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komunitu InformNapalm jako dobrovoln\u00edk, nebo m\u00e1\u0161 pro n\u00e1s zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 informace? <\/em><strong><em>Napi\u0161 soukromou zpr\u00e1vu <\/em><\/strong><em>na na\u0161i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/informnapalm24\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hlavn\u00ed v\u00edcejazy\u010dnou str\u00e1nku<\/a> na Facebooku nebo na osobn\u00ed str\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/burkonews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0161\u00e9fredaktora<\/a>.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<em>Chce\u0161 p\u0159isp\u011bt finan\u010dn\u011b a st\u00e1t se na\u0161im filantropem, abys pomohl dobrovoln\u00edk\u016fm hradit n\u00e1klady na provoz webu? <\/em><strong><em>P\u0159ihlas se k\u00a0zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed minip\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f pro InformNapalm <\/em><\/strong><em>p\u0159es Patreon: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/informnapalm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/informnapalm<\/a><\/em>\r\n\r\nChce\u0161 n\u00e1s podpo\u0159it mor\u00e1ln\u011b? <strong>Aktivn\u011b sd\u00edlej na\u0161e studie v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, vypaluj agresora informa\u010dn\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b s n\u00e1mi!\r\n<\/strong><em>[\/alert]<\/em><strong>\r\n<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nP\u0159eklad: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scyhol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8146"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8148,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8146\/revisions\/8148"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}