![](\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2014\/10\/%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2-300x200.jpg\")
<\/a>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee byl Krym v\u017edy n\u00e1\u0161, tedy rusk\u00fd, a Ukrajina n\u00e1m ho z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u011b ukradla \u201ejako pytel brambor\u201c, pak je to jasn\u00e1 v\u011bc, k\u0159ivda musela b\u00fdt napravena. M\u011bli jsme se v\u0161ak obej\u00edt bez hr\u00e1tek na zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 mu\u017e\u00ed\u010dky a dom\u00e1hat se obnoven\u00ed spravedlnosti prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch instituc\u00ed. Krym mohl vzn\u00e9st ot\u00e1zku odd\u011blen\u00ed od Ukrajiny stejn\u011b jako Skotsko od Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebo Katal\u00e1nsko od \u0160pan\u011blska. Jednalo by se o dlouh\u00fd proces s nejist\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem, bez zdlouhav\u00fdch a nudn\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se v\u0161ak v 21. stolet\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed nep\u0159erozd\u011bluje. Nen\u00ed to zvykem: za \u201erychl\u00e9 rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed zaplatil sv\u011bt p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysokou cenu.<\/p>\nKdyby na Krymu skute\u010dn\u011b propukla genocida etnick\u00fdch Rus\u016f, uplatnila by se rezoluce OSN \u010d.\u00a02625 z\u00a0roku 1970 o\u00a0pr\u00e1vu n\u00e1rod\u016f na sebeur\u010den\u00ed v\u00a0podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edch jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. V\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy byl Krym sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Ukrajiny, tu v\u0161ak k\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 genocid\u011b nedo\u0161lo. Krymsk\u00e9 obyvatele rusk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodnosti nikdo nevra\u017edil, neodsouval do m\u00edst nevhodn\u00fdch pro \u017eivot, nebr\u00e1nil jim v\u00a0zachov\u00e1n\u00ed rodin ani v\u00a0plozen\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed. Dalo se mluvit jen o\u00a0jist\u00fdch probl\u00e9mech s\u00a0ru\u0161tinou v\u00a0\u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed sf\u00e9\u0159e. Mezi m\u00edrnou lingvistickou diskriminac\u00ed a genocidou je obrovsk\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost.<\/p>\n
Nelze-li odtr\u017een\u00ed Krymu od Ukrajiny a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k\u00a0Rusku vysv\u011btlit genocidou, pak snad existuj\u00ed nesporn\u00e9 historick\u00e9 argumenty? Standardn\u011b se uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed t\u0159i: 1)\u00a0Krym byl rusk\u00fd v\u017edy; 2)\u00a0Krym byl zkropen ruskou krv\u00ed v\u00a0mnoha v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch; 3)\u00a0Krym byl p\u0159ed\u00e1n Ukrajin\u011b neleg\u00e1ln\u011b. Zkusme je rozebrat.<\/p>\n
Ve starov\u011bku a st\u0159edov\u011bku pat\u0159il Krymsk\u00fd poloostrov mnoha st\u00e1t\u016fm a na jeho \u00fazem\u00ed se vyst\u0159\u00eddalo mnoho n\u00e1rod\u016f. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 Rusko tehdy je\u0161t\u011b neexistovalo, a Slovan\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na ti z\u00a0Kyjevsk\u00e9 Rusi, se na Krymu vyskytovali jen ve velmi mal\u00fdch po\u010dtech. V\u00a011.\u00a0stolet\u00ed existovalo na Tamani (dne\u0161n\u00ed Kub\u00e1\u0148) Tmutaraka\u0148sk\u00e9 kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed, jemu\u017e vl\u00e1dli Rurikovci. Tento st\u00e1t podle v\u0161eho ovl\u00e1dal jistou \u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Krymu a byl vazalsky z\u00e1visl\u00fd na Konstantinopoli. Zab\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed do vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 historie v\u0161ak vyzn\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00edc ve prosp\u011bch Kyjeva ne\u017eli Moskvy. Moskva tehdy p\u0159ece je\u0161t\u011b v\u016fbec nevznikla, zat\u00edmco Kyjev byl \u201ematkou rusk\u00fdch m\u011bst\u201c, i pr\u00e1v\u011b zde m\u011bli Rurikovci sv\u016fj nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tr\u016fn.<\/p>\n
Pak Krym ovl\u00e1dala Byzance, Mongolov\u00e9, Zlat\u00e1 horda. Ji\u017en\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Konstantinopol v\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 13.\u00a0stolet\u00ed p\u0159enechal Janovan\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed tu zalo\u017eili Gotsk\u00e9 kapit\u00e1nstv\u00ed (Capitaneatus Gotie). V\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 1475 dobyla Krym Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Ve stepn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti poloostrova a na azovsk\u00e9m pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed ponechali Osmani vazalsk\u00fd Krymsk\u00fd chan\u00e1t, zat\u00edmco ji\u017en\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed za\u010dlenili p\u0159\u00edmo do \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Populace Krymu byla tehdy velmi r\u016fznorod\u00e1: setrv\u00e1val tu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det \u0158ek\u016f, Ital\u016f, Arm\u00e9n\u016f, \u017did\u016f \u010di Slovan\u016f. Stepn\u00ed obyvatelstvo bylo p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b mongoloidn\u00ed, horsk\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00e9 europoidn\u00ed. Jazykem pro mezietnickou komunikaci se postupn\u011b stala krymsk\u00e1 tatar\u0161tina. Na poloostrov\u011b bok po boku \u017eili muslimov\u00e9, k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9ho vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed a \u017eid\u00e9. Tento \u00fachvatn\u00fd sv\u011bt v\u0161ak nikdy nebyl rusk\u00fd a\u017e do roku 1783.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy byl Krym p\u0159ipojen k\u00a0Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. Rusk\u00e9 dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed Krymsk\u00e9ho chan\u00e1tu bylo krvav\u00e9. Kv\u016fli emigraci do souv\u011brn\u00e9ho Turecka a krutosti nov\u00fdch vl\u00e1dc\u016f klesl po\u010det p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel ke konci 18.\u00a0stolet\u00ed na pouhou p\u011btinu. Kn\u00ed\u017ee Pot\u011bmkin dost sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u011b pochopil pr\u00e1vo na ochranu souv\u011brc\u016f na Krymu, kter\u00e9 Rusku p\u0159iznalo Turecko smlouvou z\u00a0K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kaynarca z\u00a0roku 1774, a to tak, \u017ee n\u00e1siln\u011b st\u011bhoval krymsk\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165any na severn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Mnoz\u00ed z\u00a0nich p\u0159ech\u00e1zeli na isl\u00e1m, aby se vyhnuli odsunu. Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a01930.\u00a0letech m\u011blo mnoho krymskotatarsk\u00fdch osad dva h\u0159bitovy, st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd muslimsk\u00fd a uzav\u0159en\u00fd k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd, i sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 vysv\u011btlovali ml\u00e1de\u017ei: mus\u00edme pe\u010dovat o\u00a0oba, i na tom k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m odpo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Rusk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va na Krymu nebyla pro p\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatele \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm medem. Muslimsk\u00e9 komunity p\u0159i\u0161ly o\u00a0vlastnictv\u00ed vody a p\u016fdy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159e\u0161lo na rusk\u00e9 \u0161lechtice nebo na st\u00e1t. Z\u00a0vlastn\u00edk\u016f se domorodci stali n\u00e1jemci. Za 100\u00a0let rusk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy od Kate\u0159iny\u00a0II. a\u017e po Alexandra\u00a0II. v\u010detn\u011b ode\u0161lo z\u00a0Krymu na 900.000\u00a0muslim\u016f. Vyst\u0159\u00eddali je k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 z\u00a0Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e: \u0158ekov\u00e9, Bulha\u0159i nebo Arm\u00e9ni. Z\u00a0Ruska, N\u011bmecka a Rakouska p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed osadn\u00edci. Na vylidn\u011bnou p\u016fdu statk\u00e1\u0159i st\u011bhovali ukrajinsk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blce a velkorusk\u00e9 mu\u017e\u00edky.<\/p>\n
Podobn\u00e1 situace byla tak\u00e9 v\u00a0Abch\u00e1zii a na rusk\u00e9m kavkazsk\u00e9m pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed: v\u00a019.\u00a0stolet\u00ed muslimsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo, kter\u00e9 zakou\u0161elo konfesn\u00ed \u00fatlak a nesvobodu, ve velk\u00e9m odch\u00e1zelo do Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a bylo nahrazov\u00e1no k\u0159es\u0165any r\u016fzn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu (z\u00a0Anatolie, tehdy tureck\u00e9ho Balk\u00e1nu a z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch provinci\u00ed Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e). V\u00a0roce 1795 tvo\u0159ili Tata\u0159i 87,6\u00a0% krymsk\u00e9 populace, v\u00a0roce 1897 35,6\u00a0%, v\u00a0roce 1920 25\u00a0% a v\u00a0roce 1939 19,4\u00a0%.<\/p>\n
Nav\u00edc si mus\u00edme jasn\u011b uv\u011bdomovat, \u017ee Rusk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v\u00a018.\u201319.\u00a0stol nen\u00ed tent\u00fd\u017e st\u00e1t jako dne\u0161n\u00ed Rusko. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00e9to \u0159\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159ece nebylo jen \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed RF, ale tak\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Ukrajiny, B\u011blorusko, Kazachst\u00e1n, Kavkaz, pobaltsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, dokonce i Polsko s\u00a0Finskem. V\u0161echny tyto n\u00e1rody se pod\u00edlely na zu\u0161lech\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed krymsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy rovn\u00fdm d\u00edlem, pol\u00e9valy ji sv\u00fdm potem a krv\u00ed. Copak v\u00a0Krymsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce 1853\u20131856 bylo u\u00a0rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy m\u00e1lo Ukrajinc\u016f, B\u011blorus\u016f, Gruz\u00edn\u016f, baltsk\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u016f nebo Pol\u00e1k\u016f?<\/p>\n
Rusk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e byla zem\u00ed mnoha n\u00e1rod\u016f, dne\u0161n\u00ed RF si tedy m\u016f\u017ee jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1rokovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed jen proto, \u017ee kdysi b\u00fdvalo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed imp\u00e9ria Romanovc\u016f. Bol\u0161evici se n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed po Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i vzdali, deklarovali, \u017ee buduj\u00ed nov\u00fd st\u00e1t d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f a roln\u00edk\u016f, a rozd\u011blili \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vojensky dobyli, na n\u011bkolik form\u00e1ln\u011b samostatn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 se n\u00e1sledn\u011b spojily v\u00a0\u00fadajn\u011b dobrovoln\u00fd svaz.<\/p>\n
Hranice mezi t\u011bmito st\u00e1ty bol\u0161evici mnohokr\u00e1t m\u011bnili. RSFSR ze sebe vy\u010dlenila Kazachst\u00e1n a Kirgizsko, pozd\u011bji Karelo-finskou SSR, p\u0159edala B\u011blorusku Vitebskou a Mohylevskou oblast. Pozd\u011bji RSFSR znovu p\u0159ipojila Kar\u00e9lii a v\u00a0roce 1954 p\u0159edala Ukrajin\u011b Krym. V\u0161echny tyto manipulace byly leg\u00e1ln\u00ed, nebraly v\u0161ak v\u00a0potaz v\u016fli lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed dot\u010den\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed ob\u00fdvali. P\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed Krymu Ukrajin\u011b nebylo o\u00a0nic v\u00edc ani m\u00ed\u0148 leg\u00e1ln\u00ed, ne\u017e byly v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed postupy bol\u0161evik\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dli.<\/p>\n
D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je v\u0161ak n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho: hranice, jakkoli byly v\u00a0r\u00e1mci SSSR jen pomysln\u00e9, potvrdily ji\u017e po rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy a vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed samostatnosti RF v\u00a0prosinci 1991. B\u011blov\u011b\u017esk\u00e1 dohoda a Velk\u00e1 smlouva mezi RF a Ukrajinou z\u00a0roku 1997, kter\u00e9 uznal cel\u00fd sv\u011bt, stanovily hranice a ponechaly Krym Ukrajin\u011b. Pokud jde o\u00a0form\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det let trv\u00e1n\u00ed kontroly nad \u00fazem\u00edm, pak je Rusk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e stejn\u011b jako ta Osmansk\u00e1 jin\u00fdm sv\u011btem. Dokonce i v\u00a0tomto sv\u011bt\u011b v\u0161ak Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e vlastnila Krym t\u0159i stolet\u00ed, zat\u00edmco ta Rusk\u00e1 134\u00a0let. RSFSR, za jej\u00edho\u017e n\u00e1stupce se prohl\u00e1sila RF, m\u011bla Krym v\u00a0letech 1920 a\u017e 1954, tedy 34\u00a0let, zat\u00edmco Ukrajinsk\u00e1 SSR a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 Ukrajina dohromady 60\u00a0let (1954 a\u017e 2014).<\/p>\n
Kolektivizace zp\u016fsobila smrt a n\u00e1siln\u00fd odsun n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edch desetitis\u00edc\u016f lid\u00ed v\u0161ech n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed. V\u00a0srpnu 1941 bylo z\u00a0Krymu nedobrovoln\u011b vyst\u011bhov\u00e1no 63.000\u00a0N\u011bmc\u016f, v\u00a0lednu 1942 pak 700\u00a0Ital\u016f, vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch potomk\u016f st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch Janovan\u016f. V\u00a0kv\u011btnu a\u017e srpnu 1944 byli z\u00a0Krymu odsunuti v\u0161ichni krym\u0161t\u00ed Tata\u0159i (191.000), \u0158ekov\u00e9 (15.040), Bulha\u0159i (12.242), Arm\u00e9ni (9.600), Turci a Per\u0161an\u00e9 (3.650). Mnoz\u00ed z\u00a0nich zem\u0159eli cestou nebo kr\u00e1tce po p\u0159\u00edchodu na nov\u00e9 m\u00edsto kv\u016fli t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m.<\/p>\n Po\u010det obyvatel Krymu klesl na pouhou t\u0159etinu. Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0roce 1939 \u017eilo na poloostrov\u011b 1.126.000\u00a0osob, v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1944 jich zbylo jen 379.000. Pak se Krym za\u010dal znovu zalid\u0148ovat. Do vypr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00fdch dom\u016f se st\u011bhovali v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00ed veter\u00e1ni, demobilizovan\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci sov\u011btsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, NKVD nebo politruci. Slo\u017een\u00ed krymsk\u00e9 populace se dramaticky zm\u011bnilo. V\u0161echny historick\u00e9 etnick\u00e9 skupiny byly pry\u010d. Teprve v\u00a01980.\u00a0letech zapo\u010dal n\u00e1vrat p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch vyhnanc\u016f, jejich d\u011bt\u00ed a vnou\u010dat. Jejich pozemky a domy v\u0161ak u\u017e ob\u00fdvali jin\u00ed lid\u00e9. Mezi us\u00eddlenci a navr\u00e1tilci doch\u00e1zelo k\u00a0tvrd\u00fdm st\u0159et\u016fm.<\/p>\n A dnes m\u00e1me \u201eKrym je n\u00e1\u0161\u201c. Kv\u016fli n\u011bmu se v\u00e1l\u010d\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b, zat\u00edmco Rusko se p\u0159ekotn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0odpadlickou zemi. Existuje n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed? Ano. Podle n\u00e1s v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje, abychom se vzdali n\u00e1roku na vlastnictv\u00ed tohoto \u00fazem\u00ed a navr\u00e1tili se k\u00a0v\u016fli lid\u00ed zde \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla o\u00a0jeho osudu rozhodnout.<\/p>\n Autor: Andrej Zubov<\/a><\/strong>, rusk\u00fd historik Trag\u00e9dii na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b Ukrajiny odstartoval Krym, kter\u00fd Rusko zabralo bez krveprolit\u00ed. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem b\u0159ezna 2014 rusk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":8253,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[523,522,3235,516],"tags":[8815,8816,348,8954],"class_list":["post-8252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analytics","category-crimea","category-nazor","category-all-news","tag-dejiny","tag-historie","tag-krym","tag-zubov"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<\/a>Za sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu bylo na Krymu sp\u00e1ch\u00e1no velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zlo\u010din\u016f proti p\u016fvodn\u00edmu krymskotatarsk\u00e9mu a v\u0161em ostatn\u00edm n\u00e1rod\u016fm na poloostrov\u011b, a to v\u010detn\u011b etnick\u00fdch Rus\u016f. Kdy\u017e se bol\u0161evici v\u00a0listopadu 1920 zmocnili Krymu, zmasakrovali b\u011blogvard\u011bjce, kte\u0159\u00ed neode\u0161li s\u00a0gener\u00e1lem Wrangelem, a civilisty s\u00a0nimi sympatizuj\u00edc\u00ed. O\u00a0\u017eivot tehdy p\u0159i\u0161lo na 60.000\u00a0lid\u00ed. Bol\u0161eviky vyprovokovan\u00fd hladomor v\u00a0letech 1921\u20131922 vzal \u017eivoty dal\u0161\u00edm 80.000\u00a0lidem, z\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti krymsk\u00fdm Tatar\u016fm.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>Zdroj: vedomosti.ru<\/a>, 1.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna 2014
\nP\u0159eklad: Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"