{"id":8482,"date":"2020-07-02T16:15:14","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T16:15:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=8482"},"modified":"2020-07-05T16:28:31","modified_gmt":"2020-07-05T16:28:31","slug":"20-let-putina-dlouhe-bloudeni-ve-stinu-dil-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/20-let-putina-dlouhe-bloudeni-ve-stinu-dil-1\/","title":{"rendered":"20 let Putina: dlouh\u00e9 bloud\u011bn\u00ed ve st\u00ednu. D\u00edl 1."},"content":{"rendered":"

Redakce InformNapalmu nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159eklad \u010dl\u00e1nku z\u00a0pera Mariuse Laurinavi\u010diuse, vrchn\u00edho analytika z\u00a0Institutu pro politickou anal\u00fdzu ve Vilniusu. Poprv\u00e9 tento \u010dl\u00e1nek vy\u0161el na litevsk\u00e9m port\u00e1lu LRT<\/a>. P\u0159eklad z\u00a0litev\u0161tiny do ru\u0161tiny zpracovali partne\u0159i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komunity InformNapalm v\u00a0Litv\u011b, Centrum ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho odporu Res Publica<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Zanedlouho tomu bude 20\u00a0let, co se Vladimir Putin ofici\u00e1ln\u011b ujal nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu v\u00a0Rusku. Kdy\u017e se to p\u0159ed 20\u00a0lety stalo, snad nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka v\u00a0cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b zn\u011bla: \u201eKdo jste, pane Putine?\u201c Zn\u00e1me v\u0161ak na tuto ot\u00e1zku skute\u010dnou odpov\u011b\u010f i po tolika letech? V\u00edme doopravdy, co je za\u010d Putinovo Rusko, o\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e mluv\u00edme velmi \u010dasto a mnoho, minim\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00a0Litv\u011b?<\/p>\n

Abychom pomohli rozpt\u00fdlit n\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u00edny, kter\u00e9 Putin\u016fv re\u017eim p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 ohro\u017een\u00ed pro Litvu st\u00e1le obest\u00edraj\u00ed, ba dokonce i n\u011bkter\u00e9 m\u00fdty o\u00a0n\u011bm a jeho podstat\u011b, jsme se dohodli s\u00a0LRT.lt na spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00e9 \u0159ady \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. V\u00a0t\u011bchto \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch se pokus\u00edm podlo\u017eit fakty a v\u00fdsledky sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, jak vid\u00edm putinovsk\u00fd re\u017eim, a to jak jeho historick\u00fd p\u016fvod, tak sou\u010dasnost. Po prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed je to jist\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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Vladimir Putin \/ Foto AP<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ne, nespletl jsem se. I kdy\u017e je putinovsk\u00e9mu re\u017eimu ofici\u00e1ln\u011b \u201epouh\u00fdch\u201c 20\u00a0let, k\u00a0jeho pochopen\u00ed by mohlo pomoci zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed nejen t\u0159\u00ed, ale i v\u00edce posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed. Nebo dokonce i znalost tzv. \u201esov\u011btologie\u201c z\u00a0dob SSSR. Prvn\u00ed a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00fdtus o\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm rusk\u00e9m re\u017eimu je toti\u017e ten, \u017ee tento re\u017eim vytvo\u0159il s\u00e1m Putin, kter\u00fd se dostal k\u00a0moci v\u00a0roce 2000<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Tento m\u00fdtus zejm\u00e9na \u010dasto br\u00e1n\u00ed pochopit samotnou podstatu re\u017eimu. Proto se tentokr\u00e1t pokus\u00edm rozpt\u00fdlit pr\u00e1v\u011b onen m\u00fdtus. Putin nen\u00ed str\u016fjcem re\u017eimu, ale jeho produktem. A to mimochodem zcela n\u00e1hodn\u00fdm. Nam\u00edsto Putina by se do nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed funkce u\u00a0rusk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy mohl dostat jin\u00fd z\u00e1stupce KGB, ale podstatu re\u017eimu by to zm\u011bnilo jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eSkupina p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f FSB, kterou jsme \u0159\u00eddili pod z\u00e1st\u011brkou p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve vl\u00e1d\u011b, v\u00a0prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi sv\u00e9 \u00fakoly zvl\u00e1d\u00e1\u201c, prohl\u00e1sil ve\u0159ejn\u011b s\u00e1m Putin, ne\u017e byl ofici\u00e1ln\u011b ur\u010den za Jelcinova n\u00e1stupce po p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9m odstoupen\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho prezidenta kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed rokem 2000.<\/p>\n

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Vladimir Putin a Boris Jelcin, 1999 \/ Foto AP<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Tato slova nebyla vy\u0159\u010dena jen tak n\u011bkde, ale 19.\u00a0prosince 1999 p\u0159i slavnostn\u00ed akci u\u00a0p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Dne p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch sbor\u016f Rusk\u00e9 federace. S\u00e1l, kde se sch\u00e1zela smet\u00e1nka rusk\u00fdch tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, reagoval na tento v\u00fdrok sm\u00edchem a potleskem. Jak tehdy, tak dnes mnoz\u00ed, pokud si na to v\u016fbec vzpomenou, mysl\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00a0Putinovy strany \u0161lo jen o\u00a0jak\u00fdsi vtip. Nav\u00edc sv\u00e1 slova Putin \u0159ekl s\u00a0lehk\u00fdm \u00fasm\u011bvem.<\/p>\n

Zkusme v\u0161ak zjistit, zda skute\u010dn\u011b \u0161lo o\u00a0oby\u010dejn\u00fd vtip, nebo dle star\u00e9 tradice KGB mus\u00ed b\u00fdt na ka\u017ed\u00e9m vtipu stejn\u011b jako na jin\u00e9 dezinformaci alespo\u0148 zrnko pravdy.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eeme tedy tvrdit, \u017ee v\u016fbec existovala n\u011bjak\u00e1 skupina p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f KGB\/FSB, kte\u0159\u00ed de facto pracovali pod z\u00e1st\u011brkou rusk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy?<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, ale nemus\u00edme chodit daleko nebo dokonce o\u010dek\u00e1vat n\u011bjak\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9 informace. Sta\u010d\u00ed se pod\u00edvat, kdo zast\u00e1val \u00fa\u0159ad rusk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra od chv\u00edle, kdy se za\u010dalo s\u00a0v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpravami na p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed moci od Jelcina jeho n\u00e1stupci. Proto\u017ee v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b, jak form\u00e1ln\u011b \u0159\u00edkala \u00fastava, kdyby se Jelcinovi n\u011bco stalo, p\u0159ech\u00e1zela p\u016fsobnost hlavy st\u00e1tu na premi\u00e9ra, tak\u017ee neofici\u00e1ln\u011b bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee kdo se chce st\u00e1t Jelcinov\u00fdm n\u00e1stupcem, se mus\u00ed nejd\u0159\u00edv osv\u011bd\u010dit jako p\u0159edseda vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0obdob\u00ed od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1998 a\u017e do Jelcinova odchodu z\u00a0prezidentsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu se tedy v\u00a0Rusku vyst\u0159\u00eddali t\u0159i p\u0159edsedov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy: Jevgenij Primakov, Sergej St\u011bpa\u0161in a Putin. V\u0161ichni jsou od KGB.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Vladimir Putin a Boris Jelcin \/ Foto AP<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Je sice pravda, \u017ee se Primakov nech\u00e1val rad\u011bji titulovat jako diplomat a akademik a k\u00a0sv\u00e9 minulosti d\u016fstojn\u00edka KGB se ve\u0159ejn\u011b nehl\u00e1sil. Ion Mihai Pacepa, n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed \u0161\u00e9f zahrani\u010dn\u00edch zpravodajc\u016f v\u00a0Rumunsku, kter\u00fd p\u0159eb\u011bhl na Z\u00e1pad a prozradil mnoho tajemstv\u00ed KGB, v\u0161ak ozna\u010doval Primakova za gener\u00e1la KGB. Nav\u00edc hned po p\u0159evratu v\u00a0roce 1991 se Primakov stal m\u00edstop\u0159edsedou KGB a pozd\u011bji stanul v\u00a0\u010dele nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 slu\u017eby pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zpravodajstv\u00ed SVR, kter\u00e1 byla z\u0159\u00edzena na p\u016fd\u011b prvn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu KGB (zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozv\u011bdka).<\/p>\n

Mimochodem skute\u010dnost, \u017ee v\u0161ichni mo\u017en\u00ed Jelcinovi n\u00e1stupci byli pr\u00e1v\u011b od KGB, nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00e1. Takov\u00fd n\u00e1stupce se v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed rusk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch sbor\u016f vyhled\u00e1val dokonce z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b. Tuto skute\u010dnost ve\u0159ejn\u011b potvrdil Gleb Pavlovskij, politick\u00fd technolog, kter\u00fd tehdy p\u0159\u00edmo pracoval pro Kreml a dokonce, jak s\u00e1m p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1, se na projektu ve sv\u00e9m expertn\u00edm oboru osobn\u011b pod\u00edlel. Mimochodem dnes b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto pova\u017eov\u00e1n dokonce za z\u00e1stupce protiputinovsk\u00e9 opozice.<\/p>\n

Takto se Pavlovskij, kter\u00fd ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zast\u00e1val funkci poradce vedouc\u00edho kancel\u00e1\u0159e prezidenta Ruska v\u00a0letech 1996 a\u017e 2011, vyj\u00e1d\u0159il v\u00a0rozhovoru pro rusk\u00fd list Moskovskij komsomolec v\u00a0listopadu 2017: \u201eV\u00a0srpnu jsem do\u0161el k\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee Boris Nikolajevi\u010d byl zklaman\u00fd z\u00a0toho, \u017ee se p\u0159edt\u00edm op\u00edral o\u00a0inteligenci. Ne stoprocentn\u011b, ale p\u0159esto hodn\u011b. D\u016fv\u011b\u0159oval \u201emoudr\u00fdm\u201c liber\u00e1ln\u00edm ekonom\u016fm, a ti ho \u201ezradili\u201c.<\/p>\n

Od podzimu 1998 si pak prezident p\u0159estal hledat n\u00e1stupce mezi civilisty: Sergej Kirijenko (dnes prvn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce vedouc\u00edho Putinovy kancel\u00e1\u0159e) byl patrn\u011b posledn\u00ed v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b \u201emudrc\u016f\u201c, kter\u00fd jaksi vyzna\u010dil konec cesty. Za\u010dalo hled\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stupc\u016f mezi lidmi s\u00a0v\u00fdlo\u017ekami.<\/p>\n

Brzy to za\u010dalo b\u00fdt n\u00e1padn\u00e9: v\u00a0prosinci 1998 se gener\u00e1l (Nikolaj) Bor\u010fuka ujal funkce vedouc\u00edho prezidentsk\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e, kde nahradil novin\u00e1\u0159e Valentina Juma\u0161eva (co\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nikoli proto, \u017ee Juma\u0161ev kdysi b\u00fdval novin\u00e1\u0159em, ale proto, \u017ee byl Jelcinov\u00fdm zet\u011bm). […] Neudr\u017eel se dlouho, proto\u017ee prok\u00e1zal slu\u017ebu J.\u00a0Primakovovi, co\u017e bylo pro \u010dlov\u011bka jeho zalo\u017een\u00ed (tzn. od KGB) patrn\u011b p\u0159irozen\u00e9. Tato kombinace p\u0159i\u0161la prezidentovi jako nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1. Neovlivnilo to v\u0161ak krit\u00e9ria Jelcinova v\u00fdb\u011bru. Velmi dob\u0159e si pamatuji, jak my\u0161lenka \u201ePot\u0159ebujeme chytr\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edka bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c zako\u0159enila v\u00a0na\u0161ich diskuz\u00edch v\u00a0zim\u011b 1998\/99. Stalo se z\u00a0toho n\u011bco jako n\u00e1vod pro hled\u00e1n\u00ed kandid\u00e1ta\u201c.<\/p>\n

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Michail Gorba\u010dov \/ Foto AP<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

M\u016f\u017eete se zeptat: kde se tento \u201en\u00e1vod\u201c mohl vz\u00edt? Olga Kry\u0161tanovskaja, nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sociolo\u017eka v\u00a0zemi, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 rusk\u00e9 elity ji\u017e od sov\u011btsk\u00fdch dob, tuto ot\u00e1zku mo\u017en\u00e1 zodpov\u011bd\u011bla. Ve sv\u00fdch studi\u00edch dala jasn\u011b na v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech existence Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu a vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed Michaila Gorba\u010dova bylo mezi vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edmi \u0161pi\u010dkami SSSR jen 3\u00a0% t\u011bchto lid\u00ed \u201es\u00a0v\u00fdlo\u017ekami\u201c<\/strong>. Zat\u00edmco ji\u017e v\u00a0prvn\u00edch letech Jelcinova \u00fa\u0159adov\u00e1n\u00ed jich bylo na vrcholu nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy p\u0159es 30\u00a0% a do Putinova p\u0159\u00edchodu se jejich pod\u00edl zv\u00fd\u0161il t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na 50\u00a0%.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0administrativ\u011b prezidenta Jelcina byla doslova prolezl\u00e1 lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed \u00fadajn\u011b opustili KGB a dal\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed struktury. T\u0159eba v\u00a0srpnu 1996 a\u017e prosinci 1998 byl dokonce z\u00e1stupcem vedouc\u00edho prezidentsk\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e pro person\u00e1ln\u00ed agendu gener\u00e1lmajor FSB v\u00a0z\u00e1loze Jevgenij Savos\u0165janov. Mimochodem pr\u00e1v\u011b ten, jeho\u017e Alexandr Litvin\u011bnko, zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd v\u00a0Lond\u00fdn\u011b v\u00a0roce 2006, ozna\u010doval za jednoho z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pomohli zachovat syst\u00e9m KGB po p\u0159evratu v\u00a0srpnu 1991.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0sov\u011btsk\u00e9 dob\u011b byl Savos\u0165janov ofici\u00e1ln\u011b v\u011bdcem, co\u017e nen\u00ed od v\u011bci p\u0159ipomenout o\u00a0n\u011bco pozd\u011bji p\u0159i objas\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed role v\u011bdc\u016f, zejm\u00e9na ekonom\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pro uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvali KGB.<\/p>\n

A nyn\u00ed se podrobn\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me na Savos\u0165janov\u016fv v\u00fdmluvn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Savos\u0165janov byl v\u00a0roce 1994 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b propu\u0161t\u011bn z\u00a0rusk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch struktur, kter\u00e9 tehdy pr\u00e1v\u011b m\u011bnily jm\u00e9no. Mimochodem stalo se to, kdy\u017e se podnikatelsk\u00e1 skupina KGB Most (na jej\u00edho\u017e \u0161\u00e9fa Vladimira Gusinsk\u00e9ho Putin poprv\u00e9 za\u00fato\u010dil pot\u00e9, co se dostal k\u00a0moci) dostala do konfliktu s\u00a0vlastn\u00edm \u0161\u00e9fem bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slu\u017eby prezidenta Jelcina, jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch gener\u00e1l\u016f KGB v\u00a0Rusku Alexandrem Kor\u017eakovem.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, jak u\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, se gener\u00e1lmajor Savos\u0165janov rychle vr\u00e1til nejen k\u00a0moci, ale tak\u00e9 do funkce z\u00e1stupce vedouc\u00edho prezidentsk\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n

A nejen\u017ee se vr\u00e1til. Dnes se obvykle m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee b\u00fdval\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky FSB\/KGB dosadil do v\u0161ech funkc\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b Putin, tento proces v\u0161ak za\u010dal mnohem d\u0159\u00edv. T\u0159eba je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0roce 1997 se d\u00edky Savos\u0165janovov\u00fdm snah\u00e1m dokonce ne vyslou\u017eil\u00fd, ale aktivn\u011b slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk FSB gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edk Viktor Kondratov stal Jelcinov\u00fdm zmocn\u011bncem (odpov\u00edd\u00e1 dne\u0161n\u00edmu \u00fa\u0159adu gubern\u00e1tora) pro P\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fd kraj. Po odchodu z\u00a0funkce v\u00a0roce 1999 se Kondratov vr\u00e1til k\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm slo\u017ek\u00e1m: byl p\u0159elo\u017een na \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed FSB v\u00a0Moskv\u011b. S\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee nejde zdaleka o\u00a0ojedin\u011bl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad.<\/p>\n

Pikantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed detail spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 patrn\u011b v\u00a0tom, \u017ee Savos\u0165janov byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za spolupracovn\u00edka \u201ereform\u00e1tora\u201c Anatolije \u010cubajse. Nem\u011bli bychom v\u0161ak zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee \u010cubajs sehr\u00e1l jednu z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rol\u00ed p\u0159i pozv\u00e1n\u00ed Putina do Moskvy pot\u00e9, co petrohradsk\u00fd prim\u00e1tor Anatolij Sob\u010dak v\u00a0roce 1996 prohr\u00e1l volby. Teprve pot\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u010cubajs odehr\u00e1vat v\u00a0Putinov\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed kari\u00e9\u0159e v\u00fdznamnou roli, ne\u017e se tento stal Jelcinov\u00fdm n\u00e1stupcem.<\/p>\n

Najdeme spoustu zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 tuto skute\u010dnost potvrzuj\u00ed, zm\u00edn\u00edm v\u0161ak, \u017ee o\u00a0tom ve\u0159ejn\u011b \u0159ekl b\u00fdval\u00fd \u0161\u00e9f Jelcinovy kancel\u00e1\u0159e a jeho ze\u0165 V.\u00a0Juma\u0161ev.<\/p>\n

\u201ePutina nena\u0161el j\u00e1. Putina vyhledal nejd\u0159\u00edv Anatolij \u010cubajs, pak vedouc\u00ed Hlavn\u00edho kontroln\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu Kancel\u00e1\u0159e prezidenta Rusk\u00e9 federace Alexej Kudrin\u201c, potvrdil Juma\u0161ev pro televizi Do\u017e\u010f v\u00a0prosinci minul\u00e9ho roku.<\/p>\n

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Vladimir Putin \/ Foto AP<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Pro\u010d \u201ereform\u00e1to\u0159i\u201c A.\u00a0\u010cubajs a A.\u00a0Kudrin (mimochodem oba maj\u00ed velk\u00fd vliv dodnes) podpo\u0159ili Putina? Odpov\u011b\u010f je jasn\u00e1: oba n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem napom\u00e1hali podvodu, kter\u00fd zorganizovala KGB a uskute\u010dnil Putin spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0Kudrinem (jeho\u017e form\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0161\u00e9fem byl Sob\u010dak, dnes zmi\u0148ovan\u00fd v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch jako n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed inform\u00e1tor KGB, i kdy\u017e se to neprok\u00e1zalo) v\u00a0Petrohrad\u011b po rozpadu SSSR. Tyto podvody v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bli k\u00a0polo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016f dne\u0161n\u00edho re\u017eimu vybudovan\u00e9ho KGB a mafi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1 v\u0161ak smysl posoudit aktivity A.\u00a0\u010cubajse a KGB samostatn\u011b. N\u011bco k\u00a0tomu pov\u011bd\u011bl t\u0159eba b\u00fdval\u00fd pracovn\u00edk Putinovy administrativy Simon Kordonskij v\u00a0rozhovoru pro R\u00e1dio Svoboda vloni v\u00a0\u010dervenci, \u010dlen tzv. reformn\u00ed skupiny ekonom\u016f, kter\u00e1 vznikla p\u0159ed rozpadem Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. L\u00eddrem t\u00e9to skupiny byl nejd\u0159\u00edv \u010cubajs, pak Jegor Gajdar, jen\u017e se pozd\u011bji stal premi\u00e9rem \u201edemokratick\u00e9ho Ruska\u201c.<\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem 1990.\u00a0let, p\u0159ed rozpadem Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu, se Kordonskij p\u0159est\u011bhoval do Moskvy, kde se setkal s\u00a0\u010cubajsem, Petrem Avenem (dnes oligarchou, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 bl\u00edzko k\u00a0Putinovi), Alexejem Kudrinem (jeho\u017e otec byl mimochodem vojensk\u00fdm kryptografem a ne\u017e se pustil do ekonomiky, p\u016fsobil na jedn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 akademii) a dal\u0161\u00edmi \u010dleny tzv. moskevsk\u00e9 a leningradsk\u00e9 skupiny ekonom\u016f \u010cubajse a Gajdara, rovn\u011b\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako \u010dlenov\u00e9 semin\u00e1\u0159e na turistick\u00e9 chat\u011b Zmeinaja Gorka Leningradsk\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00a0roku 1986.<\/p>\n

Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak je, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 S.\u00a0Kordonskij o\u00a0t\u011bch \u010dasech: \u201eStal jsem se z\u00e1stupcem \u0161\u00e9fredaktora \u010dasopisu V\u011bk XX i mir. A v\u00edte, kdo byl \u0161\u00e9fredaktorem? Anatolij B\u011bljajev, gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edk rozv\u011bdky, kter\u00fd ode\u0161el do z\u00e1lohy. M\u00fdm a Gajdarov\u00fdm kur\u00e1torem pak byl Serjo\u017ea Kugu\u0161ev. Jednalo se o\u00a0regul\u00e9rn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edka analytick\u00e9 skupiny KGB. Pr\u00e1v\u011b on to cel\u00e9 \u201eprotla\u010dil\u201c. Ty vztahy n\u011bjak souvisely s\u00a0ozbrojen\u00fdmi sbory (p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slu\u017eby).<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0Glebem Pavlovsk\u00fdm (u\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm politick\u00fdm technologem, kter\u00fd pomohl Putinovu p\u0159\u00edchodu k\u00a0moci\u00a0\u2013 M.L.) sed\u00edme ve\u010der v\u00a0redakci, najednou vol\u00e1 jeho man\u017eelka, hlas se j\u00ed t\u0159ese, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: oni se v\u00e1s chystaj\u00ed zatknout. […] P\u0159ijdou dva opil\u00ed plukovn\u00edci a \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed: p\u0159ijmete n\u00e1s do pr\u00e1ce! […] Najali jsme je jako analytiky pro agenturu Post Factum.<\/p>\n

Pak v\u00a0roce 1991 do\u0161lo ke st\u00e1tn\u00edmu p\u0159evratu, k\u00a0rozvratu syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd j\u00e1 dnes vn\u00edm\u00e1m \u00fapln\u011b jinak, ne\u017e si mnoz\u00ed mysl\u00ed. V\u00a0roce 1989 m\u011b S.\u00a0Kugu\u0161ev po\u017e\u00e1dal, abych napsal, jak p\u0159ej\u00edt od socialismu ke kapitalismu. Tak jsem to napsal\u00a0\u2013 pod p\u0159ezd\u00edvkou Altajev.<\/p>\n

Text s\u00a0titulkem \u201eSc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 X\u201c byl pozd\u011bji zve\u0159ejn\u011bn. Ne\u0161lo zdaleka o\u00a0jedin\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek o\u00a0t\u00e9to ideologii. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159echodu k\u00a0\u201e\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 verzi\u201c byly ji\u017e zpracov\u00e1ny. […] Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed toto v\u0161e m\u011bli ud\u011blat, v\u0161ak zakusili chu\u0165 pen\u011bz. Cht\u011bli \u017e\u00edt jako na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, ale ponechat si sv\u00e9 postaven\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

Informace, \u017ee plukovn\u00edk KGB Kugu\u0161ev byl tak\u00e9 kur\u00e1torem A.\u00a0\u010cubajse a cel\u00e9 skupiny reformn\u00edch ekonom\u016f hned od za\u010d\u00e1tku, se na\u0161la i v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch pramenech. Tyto dal\u0161\u00ed prameny dokonce tvrdily, \u017ee Kugu\u0161ev byl \u010dlenem tajn\u00e9 skupiny zalo\u017een\u00e9 Jurijem Andropovem, \u0161\u00e9fem KGB, kter\u00fd se stal hlavou SSSR, kv\u016fli p\u0159\u00edprav\u00e1m na reformu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Bylo to v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e1 poprv\u00e9, co to ve\u0159ejn\u011b potvrdil \u010dlen reformn\u00ed skupiny ekonom\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9? M\u016f\u017eeme to vysv\u011btlit jedn\u00edm cit\u00e1tem od samotn\u00e9ho S.\u00a0Kugu\u0161eva v\u00a0listu Komsomolskaja pravda z\u00a0\u00fanora 1991.<\/p>\n

\u201e[…] Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0blok skute\u010dn\u00fdch podnikatel\u016f, voj\u00e1k\u016f a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 \u0161irokou podporu obyvatel, dok\u00e1\u017ee zastavit dal\u0161\u00ed vytunelov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b a prov\u00e9st privatizaci ve prosp\u011bch jej\u00edho lidu. Nech\u00e1me-li stranou emoce a pod\u00edv\u00e1me-li se na historick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017eily p\u0159ej\u00edt od totality k\u00a0tr\u017en\u00edmu hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, mus\u00edme uznat, \u017ee se reformy ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b bu\u010f p\u0159\u00edmo, nebo nep\u0159\u00edmo op\u00edraly o\u00a0vojenskou moc, o\u00a0velmi p\u0159\u00edsnou vl\u00e1du. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 tedy druh\u00e1 cesta: tr\u017en\u00ed reformy veden\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsnou vl\u00e1dou\u201c.<\/p>\n

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Rusko \/ Foto BNS<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

M\u016f\u017eeme jen p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b A.\u00a0\u010cubajs je ofici\u00e1ln\u011b pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n za otce rusk\u00e9 privatizace. T\u00e9 privatizace, kter\u00e1 tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ila dne\u0161n\u00ed rusk\u00fd mafi\u00e1nsk\u00fd st\u00e1t. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee \u010cubajs z\u016fstal \u00fazce spjat se z\u00e1stupci KGB nejen tehdy, kdy byl pod p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm dohledem S.\u00a0Kugu\u0161eva. Spolupracoval s\u00a0nimi tak\u00e9 p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed privatizace. Co\u017e vede k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee nyn\u00ed m\u00e1me skute\u010dn\u011b d\u016fvod pochybovat, \u017ee se takto rozhodl s\u00e1m, nikoli \u017ee tak p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci KGB u\u010dinili za n\u011bj.<\/p>\n

P\u016fsobil u\u00a0rusk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy od roku 1991, i minim\u00e1ln\u011b od roku 1992 byl jedn\u00edm z\u00a0\u010cubajsov\u00fdch nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch kamar\u00e1d\u016f d\u016fstojn\u00edk zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozv\u011bdky KGB (ofici\u00e1ln\u011b d\u016fstojn\u00edk v\u00a0z\u00e1loze) Arkadij Jevstafjev, kter\u00fd ofici\u00e1ln\u011b slou\u017eil jako poradce a tiskov\u00fd mluv\u010d\u00ed, ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u010dlov\u011bka mnohem vlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch skand\u00e1l\u016f z\u00a0Jelcinovy doby byl ten, kdy byl Jevstafjev zat\u010den v\u00a0dob\u011b volebn\u00ed kampan\u011b 1996 Jelcinov\u00fdm osobn\u00edm d\u016fv\u011brn\u00edkem, jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed v\u00a0Kremlu A.\u00a0Kor\u017eakovem, kter\u00fd m\u011bl na starosti person\u00e1ln\u00ed politiku. Po tomto skand\u00e1lu Kor\u017eakov o\u00a0svou funkci p\u0159i\u0161el, p\u0159esto\u017ee m\u011bl na Jelcina zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed vliv, zat\u00edmco Jevstafjevova kari\u00e9ra hladce postupovala d\u00e1l. Dnes ho m\u016f\u017eeme pokl\u00e1dat za jednoho z\u00a0rusk\u00fdch oligarch\u016f.<\/p>\n

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Rusko \/ Foto BNS<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Tento incident mimochodem znovu n\u00e1zorn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1996 skupiny KGB v\u00a0Jelcinov\u011b prost\u0159ed\u00ed sout\u011b\u017eily. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tak popsal s\u00e1m Jelcin tento incident ve sv\u00e9 knize Prezidentsk\u00fd maraton, jako boj o\u00a0moc mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi skupinami ve sv\u00e9m okol\u00ed, nikoli jako n\u011b\u010d\u00ed snahu p\u0159ekazit jeho zvolen\u00ed, jak se n\u011bkdy tvrd\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mimochodem A.\u00a0Jevstafjev dokonce m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed vztahy s\u00a0Alfredem Kochem, kter\u00fd ji\u017e byl \u010dlenem shora zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 reformn\u00ed skupiny A.\u00a0\u010cubajse a J.\u00a0Gajdara, od roku 1993 pak m\u00edstop\u0159edsedou Gosimu\u0161\u010destva (\u00fa\u0159adu pro spr\u00e1vu st\u00e1tn\u00edho majetku) odpov\u011bdn\u00fdm za privatizaci.<\/p>\n

Ani Jevstafjev v\u0161ak nebyl jedin\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem KGB v\u00a0\u010cubajsov\u011b nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm okol\u00ed. Od roku 1992 pat\u0159\u00ed Jegor Korn\u011bjev, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozv\u011bdky KGB, mezi nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postavy u\u00a0Fondu rusk\u00e9ho feder\u00e1ln\u00edho majetku, kter\u00fd se p\u0159\u00edmo pod\u00edl\u00ed na prodeji aktiv.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee naj\u00edt pravdiv\u00e9 informace o\u00a0t\u00e9to z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 postav\u011b je dnes velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, ve svazku na A.\u00a0\u010cubajse, kter\u00fd dala dohromady Kor\u017eakovova kancel\u00e1\u0159 v\u00a0roce 1994, zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9m v\u0161ak mnohem pozd\u011bji, je Korn\u011bjev ozna\u010den za d\u016fstojn\u00edka prvn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu KGB (zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozv\u011bdky) a \u201ez\u00e1stupce\u201c A.\u00a0\u010cubajse.<\/p>\n

Pan Aven, z n\u011bj\u017e je dnes oligarcha, nejen pom\u00e1hal \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 Putinov\u011b kari\u00e9\u0159e v Moskv\u011b. V roce 1992 pr\u00e1v\u011b Aven v podstat\u011b Putina zachr\u00e1nil a umo\u017enil mu pokra\u010dovat ve zlo\u010dinn\u00e9m vlastnictv\u00ed v Petrohrad\u011b. Jako tehdej\u0161\u00ed ministr pro zahrani\u010dn\u011b ekonomick\u00e9 vztahy Aven toti\u017e prost\u011b ignoroval pod\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edsedy kontroln\u00ed rady prezidentsk\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e Jurije Boldyreva, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkalo Putinov\u00fdch aktivit.<\/p>\n

Pod\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1zelo z\u00a0tzv. zpr\u00e1vy Mariny Saljeov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 pojedn\u00e1vala o\u00a0Putinov\u00fdch ob\u0159\u00edch podvodech v\u00a0Petrohrad\u011b. Aven v\u0161ak nam\u00edsto toho, aby Putina potrestal, ud\u011blil mu dal\u0161\u00ed pravomoc k\u00a0tunelov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0kontextu upevn\u011bn\u00ed postaven\u00ed KGB u\u00a0moci v\u00a0Rusku hned po rozpadu SSSR je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zm\u00ednit, \u017ee jakmile se Aven stal ministrem pro zahrani\u010dn\u011b ekonomick\u00e9 vztahy, pozval Michaila Fradkova, aby mu d\u011blal n\u00e1m\u011bstka. I kdy\u017e to nebylo ofici\u00e1ln\u011b potvrzeno, jen m\u00e1lokdo pochybuje, \u017ee Fradkov byl d\u016fstojn\u00edkem zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozv\u011bdky KGB s\u00a0diplomatick\u00fdm kryt\u00edm v\u00a0SSSR.<\/p>\n

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Vladimir Putin \/ Foto AP<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

P\u0159i pohledu na vlastn\u00ed \u017eivotopis p.\u00a0Avena m\u016f\u017eeme pojmout podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee a\u010dkoli je ekonomem, mohl b\u00fdt s\u00e1m d\u016fstojn\u00edkem KGB pracuj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00a0utajen\u00ed. V\u00a0letech 1989 a\u017e 1991 byl jako ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed poradce Ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed SSSR pracovn\u011b vysl\u00e1n na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fastav aplikovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch anal\u00fdz se s\u00eddlem nedaleko rakousk\u00e9 V\u00eddn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Tento \u00fastav je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u0161t\u00e1b pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed reformy SSSR ze strany KGB, kter\u00fd zalo\u017eil a n\u00e1sledn\u011b kontroloval \u0161\u00e9f KGB a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hlava Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu Jurij Andropov. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1stupce tohoto \u00fastavu nebyl v\u00a0Gajdarov\u011b vl\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n

Nejde zdaleka o\u00a0cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh upevn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0Rusku t\u011bch, kdo se pod\u00edlel na Putinov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchodu k\u00a0moci a m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vazby na KGB, co\u017e za\u010dalo je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed rozpadem SSSR.<\/p>\n

Tento d\u00edl m\u016f\u017eeme nicm\u00e9n\u011b symbolicky zakon\u010dit viz\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka, u\u00a0n\u011bj\u017e se je\u0161t\u011b st\u00e1le \u010dasto m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bl k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee se Putin stal Jelcinov\u00fdm n\u00e1stupcem. Jde o\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bka \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e9ho za \u0161edou eminenci Jelcinova prezidentstv\u00ed, a sice Borise Berezovsk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd se pozd\u011bji stal jeho \u00fahlavn\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edtelem a z\u00e1hadn\u011b zem\u0159el v\u00a0emigraci v\u00a0Lond\u00fdn\u011b v\u00a0roce 2013. Mimochodem samotn\u00e9ho Berezovsk\u00e9ho Putinovi p\u0159edstavil u\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd \u201eekonom\u201c P.\u00a0Aven na za\u010d\u00e1tku posledn\u00edho desetilet\u00ed 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eUd\u011blal jsem jednu syst\u00e9movou chybu. Myslel jsem, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed protireformn\u00ed s\u00edlou byli komunist\u00e9. Byla to v\u0161ak FSB, neboli p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno KGB SSSR. Tato organizace p\u0159e\u017eila jako duchovn\u00ed bratrstv\u00ed, zlo\u010dinn\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed. KGB byla z\u00e1kladem sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, tvo\u0159ili ji lid\u00e9 vycvi\u010den\u00ed k\u00a0p\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed zlo\u010din\u016f, jim\u017e se \u0159\u00edkalo, \u017ee zlo\u010dinci nejsou. A tito lid\u00e9 nikam neode\u0161li.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Vladimir Putin na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b v Izraeli \/ Foto AP<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

KGB se tedy roz\u0161t\u011bpila na spoustu konkuren\u010dn\u00edch skupin, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily sv\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm nebo ciz\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm. Uk\u00e1zalo se v\u0161ak, \u017ee jej\u00ed \u00fadajn\u00fd rozpad byl jen p\u0159edst\u00edran\u00fd\u201c, napsal Berezovskij ve sv\u00e9 \u017eivotopisn\u00e9 knize Autoportr\u00e9t, aneb Z\u00e1pisky ob\u011b\u0161ence.<\/p>\n

T\u011bmito slovy mimochodem popisuje situaci, kdy se podle samotn\u00e9ho Berezovsk\u00e9ho p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed Jelcinova n\u00e1stupce dalo vyb\u00edrat pouze mezi I.\u00a0Primakovem a V.\u00a0Putinem.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipad\u00e1 v\u00e1m Putin\u016fv v\u00fdrok o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edc\u00edch FSB vyslan\u00fdch do vl\u00e1dy (mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu do rusk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy jako celku), aby tu pracovali v\u00a0utajen\u00ed, st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b jako vtip?<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd d\u00edl \u010dl\u00e1nku si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v\u00a0litev\u0161tin\u011b na port\u00e1lu LRT<\/a> nebo p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden v\u00a0p\u0159ekladu na na\u0161em webu.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

P\u0159eklad z\u00a0litev\u0161tiny do ru\u0161tiny zpracovali partne\u0159i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komunity InformNapalm v\u00a0Litv\u011b, Centrum ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho odporu Res Publica<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

P\u0159eklad: Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Redakce InformNapalmu nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159eklad \u010dl\u00e1nku z\u00a0pera Mariuse Laurinavi\u010diuse, vrchn\u00edho analytika z\u00a0Institutu pro politickou anal\u00fdzu ve Vilniusu. Poprv\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":8483,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3235,516,993,754,519],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazor","category-all-news","category-politika","category-spolecnost-all-news","category-world"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n20 let Putina: dlouh\u00e9 bloud\u011bn\u00ed ve st\u00ednu. 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D\u00edl 1."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/","name":"InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)","description":"Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy z Ukrajiny","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/df2cf86bd5e35ae01a82d1108d3c5f51","name":"svatoslav","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0cc633af9f94c5bc8eca4c7a7bf1e1f390e89d3af1b6a34e2886692888437497?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0cc633af9f94c5bc8eca4c7a7bf1e1f390e89d3af1b6a34e2886692888437497?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"svatoslav"},"url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/author\/svatoslav\/"}]}},"post_src":"<strong>Redakce InformNapalmu nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159eklad \u010dl\u00e1nku z\u00a0pera Mariuse Laurinavi\u010diuse, vrchn\u00edho analytika z\u00a0Institutu pro politickou anal\u00fdzu ve Vilniusu. Poprv\u00e9 tento \u010dl\u00e1nek vy\u0161el na litevsk\u00e9m port\u00e1lu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lrt.lt\/naujienos\/nuomones\/3\/1165696\/marius-laurinavicius-20-putino-metu-uzsiteses-klaidziojimas-seseliuose\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LRT<\/a>. P\u0159eklad z\u00a0litev\u0161tiny do ru\u0161tiny zpracovali partne\u0159i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komunity InformNapalm v\u00a0Litv\u011b, Centrum ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho odporu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Respublic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Res Publica<\/a>.<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nZanedlouho tomu bude 20\u00a0let, co se Vladimir Putin ofici\u00e1ln\u011b ujal nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu v\u00a0Rusku. Kdy\u017e se to p\u0159ed 20\u00a0lety stalo, snad nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka v\u00a0cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b zn\u011bla: \u201eKdo jste, pane Putine?\u201c Zn\u00e1me v\u0161ak na tuto ot\u00e1zku skute\u010dnou odpov\u011b\u010f i po tolika letech? V\u00edme doopravdy, co je za\u010d Putinovo Rusko, o\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e mluv\u00edme velmi \u010dasto a mnoho, minim\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00a0Litv\u011b?\r\n\r\nAbychom pomohli rozpt\u00fdlit n\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u00edny, kter\u00e9 Putin\u016fv re\u017eim p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 ohro\u017een\u00ed pro Litvu st\u00e1le obest\u00edraj\u00ed, ba dokonce i n\u011bkter\u00e9 m\u00fdty o\u00a0n\u011bm a jeho podstat\u011b, jsme se dohodli s\u00a0LRT.lt na spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00e9 \u0159ady \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. V\u00a0t\u011bchto \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch se pokus\u00edm podlo\u017eit fakty a v\u00fdsledky sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, jak vid\u00edm putinovsk\u00fd re\u017eim, a to jak jeho historick\u00fd p\u016fvod, tak sou\u010dasnost. Po prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed je to jist\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"642\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/618578-85259-1287x836-1-e1592572645700.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/618578-85259-1287x836-1-e1592572645700.jpg\" width=\"642\" height=\"444\" \/><\/a> Vladimir Putin \/ Foto AP[\/caption]\r\n\r\nNe, nespletl jsem se. I kdy\u017e je putinovsk\u00e9mu re\u017eimu ofici\u00e1ln\u011b \u201epouh\u00fdch\u201c 20\u00a0let, k\u00a0jeho pochopen\u00ed by mohlo pomoci zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed nejen t\u0159\u00ed, ale i v\u00edce posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed. Nebo dokonce i znalost tzv. \u201esov\u011btologie\u201c z\u00a0dob SSSR. <strong>Prvn\u00ed a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00fdtus o\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm rusk\u00e9m re\u017eimu je toti\u017e ten, \u017ee tento re\u017eim vytvo\u0159il s\u00e1m Putin, kter\u00fd se dostal k\u00a0moci v\u00a0roce 2000<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nTento m\u00fdtus zejm\u00e9na \u010dasto br\u00e1n\u00ed pochopit samotnou podstatu re\u017eimu. Proto se tentokr\u00e1t pokus\u00edm rozpt\u00fdlit pr\u00e1v\u011b onen m\u00fdtus. Putin nen\u00ed str\u016fjcem re\u017eimu, ale jeho produktem. A to mimochodem zcela n\u00e1hodn\u00fdm. Nam\u00edsto Putina by se do nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed funkce u\u00a0rusk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy mohl dostat jin\u00fd z\u00e1stupce KGB, ale podstatu re\u017eimu by to zm\u011bnilo jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed.\r\n\r\n\u201eSkupina p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f FSB, kterou jsme \u0159\u00eddili pod z\u00e1st\u011brkou p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve vl\u00e1d\u011b, v\u00a0prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi sv\u00e9 \u00fakoly zvl\u00e1d\u00e1\u201c, prohl\u00e1sil ve\u0159ejn\u011b s\u00e1m Putin, ne\u017e byl ofici\u00e1ln\u011b ur\u010den za Jelcinova n\u00e1stupce po p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9m odstoupen\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho prezidenta kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed rokem 2000.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"642\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/575924-169397-1287x836-1-e1592573217584.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/575924-169397-1287x836-1-e1592573217584.jpg\" width=\"642\" height=\"387\" \/><\/a> Vladimir Putin a Boris Jelcin, 1999 \/ Foto AP[\/caption]\r\n\r\nTato slova nebyla vy\u0159\u010dena jen tak n\u011bkde, ale 19.\u00a0prosince 1999 p\u0159i slavnostn\u00ed akci u\u00a0p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Dne p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch sbor\u016f Rusk\u00e9 federace. S\u00e1l, kde se sch\u00e1zela smet\u00e1nka rusk\u00fdch tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, reagoval na tento v\u00fdrok sm\u00edchem a potleskem. Jak tehdy, tak dnes mnoz\u00ed, pokud si na to v\u016fbec vzpomenou, mysl\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00a0Putinovy strany \u0161lo jen o\u00a0jak\u00fdsi vtip. Nav\u00edc sv\u00e1 slova Putin \u0159ekl s\u00a0lehk\u00fdm \u00fasm\u011bvem.\r\n\r\nZkusme v\u0161ak zjistit, zda skute\u010dn\u011b \u0161lo o\u00a0oby\u010dejn\u00fd vtip, nebo dle star\u00e9 tradice KGB mus\u00ed b\u00fdt na ka\u017ed\u00e9m vtipu stejn\u011b jako na jin\u00e9 dezinformaci alespo\u0148 zrnko pravdy.\r\n\r\nM\u016f\u017eeme tedy tvrdit, \u017ee v\u016fbec existovala n\u011bjak\u00e1 skupina p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f KGB\/FSB, kte\u0159\u00ed de facto pracovali pod z\u00e1st\u011brkou rusk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy?\r\n\r\nM\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, ale nemus\u00edme chodit daleko nebo dokonce o\u010dek\u00e1vat n\u011bjak\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9 informace. Sta\u010d\u00ed se pod\u00edvat, kdo zast\u00e1val \u00fa\u0159ad rusk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra od chv\u00edle, kdy se za\u010dalo s\u00a0v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpravami na p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed moci od Jelcina jeho n\u00e1stupci. Proto\u017ee v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b, jak form\u00e1ln\u011b \u0159\u00edkala \u00fastava, kdyby se Jelcinovi n\u011bco stalo, p\u0159ech\u00e1zela p\u016fsobnost hlavy st\u00e1tu na premi\u00e9ra, tak\u017ee neofici\u00e1ln\u011b bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee kdo se chce st\u00e1t Jelcinov\u00fdm n\u00e1stupcem, se mus\u00ed nejd\u0159\u00edv osv\u011bd\u010dit jako p\u0159edseda vl\u00e1dy.\r\n\r\n<strong>V\u00a0obdob\u00ed od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1998 a\u017e do Jelcinova odchodu z\u00a0prezidentsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu se tedy v\u00a0Rusku vyst\u0159\u00eddali t\u0159i p\u0159edsedov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy: Jevgenij Primakov, Sergej St\u011bpa\u0161in a Putin. V\u0161ichni jsou od KGB.<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"642\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/557287-483261-1287x836-1-e1592577684528.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/557287-483261-1287x836-1-e1592577684528.jpg\" width=\"642\" height=\"605\" \/><\/a> Vladimir Putin a Boris Jelcin \/ Foto AP[\/caption]\r\n\r\nJe sice pravda, \u017ee se Primakov nech\u00e1val rad\u011bji titulovat jako diplomat a akademik a k\u00a0sv\u00e9 minulosti d\u016fstojn\u00edka KGB se ve\u0159ejn\u011b nehl\u00e1sil. Ion Mihai Pacepa, n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed \u0161\u00e9f zahrani\u010dn\u00edch zpravodajc\u016f v\u00a0Rumunsku, kter\u00fd p\u0159eb\u011bhl na Z\u00e1pad a prozradil mnoho tajemstv\u00ed KGB, v\u0161ak ozna\u010doval Primakova za gener\u00e1la KGB. Nav\u00edc hned po p\u0159evratu v\u00a0roce 1991 se Primakov stal m\u00edstop\u0159edsedou KGB a pozd\u011bji stanul v\u00a0\u010dele nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 slu\u017eby pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zpravodajstv\u00ed SVR, kter\u00e1 byla z\u0159\u00edzena na p\u016fd\u011b prvn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu KGB (zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozv\u011bdka).\r\n\r\nMimochodem skute\u010dnost, \u017ee v\u0161ichni mo\u017en\u00ed Jelcinovi n\u00e1stupci byli pr\u00e1v\u011b od KGB, nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00e1. Takov\u00fd n\u00e1stupce se v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed rusk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch sbor\u016f vyhled\u00e1val dokonce z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b. Tuto skute\u010dnost ve\u0159ejn\u011b potvrdil Gleb Pavlovskij, politick\u00fd technolog, kter\u00fd tehdy p\u0159\u00edmo pracoval pro Kreml a dokonce, jak s\u00e1m p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1, se na projektu ve sv\u00e9m expertn\u00edm oboru osobn\u011b pod\u00edlel. Mimochodem dnes b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto pova\u017eov\u00e1n dokonce za z\u00e1stupce protiputinovsk\u00e9 opozice.\r\n\r\nTakto se Pavlovskij, kter\u00fd ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zast\u00e1val funkci poradce vedouc\u00edho kancel\u00e1\u0159e prezidenta Ruska v\u00a0letech 1996 a\u017e 2011, vyj\u00e1d\u0159il v\u00a0rozhovoru pro rusk\u00fd list Moskovskij komsomolec v\u00a0listopadu 2017: \u201eV\u00a0srpnu jsem do\u0161el k\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee Boris Nikolajevi\u010d byl zklaman\u00fd z\u00a0toho, \u017ee se p\u0159edt\u00edm op\u00edral o\u00a0inteligenci. Ne stoprocentn\u011b, ale p\u0159esto hodn\u011b. D\u016fv\u011b\u0159oval \u201emoudr\u00fdm\u201c liber\u00e1ln\u00edm ekonom\u016fm, a ti ho \u201ezradili\u201c.\r\n\r\nOd podzimu 1998 si pak prezident p\u0159estal hledat n\u00e1stupce mezi civilisty: Sergej Kirijenko (dnes prvn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce vedouc\u00edho Putinovy kancel\u00e1\u0159e) byl patrn\u011b posledn\u00ed v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b \u201emudrc\u016f\u201c, kter\u00fd jaksi vyzna\u010dil konec cesty. Za\u010dalo hled\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stupc\u016f mezi lidmi s\u00a0v\u00fdlo\u017ekami.\r\n\r\nBrzy to za\u010dalo b\u00fdt n\u00e1padn\u00e9: v\u00a0prosinci 1998 se gener\u00e1l (Nikolaj) Bor\u010fuka ujal funkce vedouc\u00edho prezidentsk\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e, kde nahradil novin\u00e1\u0159e Valentina Juma\u0161eva (co\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nikoli proto, \u017ee Juma\u0161ev kdysi b\u00fdval novin\u00e1\u0159em, ale proto, \u017ee byl Jelcinov\u00fdm zet\u011bm). [...] Neudr\u017eel se dlouho, proto\u017ee prok\u00e1zal slu\u017ebu J.\u00a0Primakovovi, co\u017e bylo pro \u010dlov\u011bka jeho zalo\u017een\u00ed (tzn. od KGB) patrn\u011b p\u0159irozen\u00e9. Tato kombinace p\u0159i\u0161la prezidentovi jako nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1. Neovlivnilo to v\u0161ak krit\u00e9ria Jelcinova v\u00fdb\u011bru. Velmi dob\u0159e si pamatuji, jak my\u0161lenka \u201ePot\u0159ebujeme chytr\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edka bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c zako\u0159enila v\u00a0na\u0161ich diskuz\u00edch v\u00a0zim\u011b 1998\/99. Stalo se z\u00a0toho n\u011bco jako n\u00e1vod pro hled\u00e1n\u00ed kandid\u00e1ta\u201c.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"642\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/546108-795978-1287x836-1-e1592573926485.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/546108-795978-1287x836-1-e1592573926485.jpg\" width=\"642\" height=\"429\" \/><\/a> Michail Gorba\u010dov \/ Foto AP[\/caption]\r\n\r\nM\u016f\u017eete se zeptat: kde se tento \u201en\u00e1vod\u201c mohl vz\u00edt? Olga Kry\u0161tanovskaja, nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sociolo\u017eka v\u00a0zemi, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 rusk\u00e9 elity ji\u017e od sov\u011btsk\u00fdch dob, tuto ot\u00e1zku mo\u017en\u00e1 zodpov\u011bd\u011bla. Ve sv\u00fdch studi\u00edch dala jasn\u011b na v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee <strong>v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech existence Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu a vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed Michaila Gorba\u010dova bylo mezi vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edmi \u0161pi\u010dkami SSSR jen 3\u00a0% t\u011bchto lid\u00ed \u201es\u00a0v\u00fdlo\u017ekami\u201c<\/strong>. Zat\u00edmco ji\u017e v\u00a0prvn\u00edch letech Jelcinova \u00fa\u0159adov\u00e1n\u00ed jich bylo na vrcholu nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy p\u0159es 30\u00a0% a do Putinova p\u0159\u00edchodu se jejich pod\u00edl zv\u00fd\u0161il t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na 50\u00a0%.\r\n\r\nV\u00a0administrativ\u011b prezidenta Jelcina byla doslova prolezl\u00e1 lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed \u00fadajn\u011b opustili KGB a dal\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed struktury. T\u0159eba v\u00a0srpnu 1996 a\u017e prosinci 1998 byl dokonce z\u00e1stupcem vedouc\u00edho prezidentsk\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e pro person\u00e1ln\u00ed agendu gener\u00e1lmajor FSB v\u00a0z\u00e1loze Jevgenij Savos\u0165janov. Mimochodem pr\u00e1v\u011b ten, jeho\u017e Alexandr Litvin\u011bnko, zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd v\u00a0Lond\u00fdn\u011b v\u00a0roce 2006, ozna\u010doval za jednoho z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pomohli zachovat syst\u00e9m KGB po p\u0159evratu v\u00a0srpnu 1991.\r\n\r\nV\u00a0sov\u011btsk\u00e9 dob\u011b byl Savos\u0165janov ofici\u00e1ln\u011b v\u011bdcem, co\u017e nen\u00ed od v\u011bci p\u0159ipomenout o\u00a0n\u011bco pozd\u011bji p\u0159i objas\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed role v\u011bdc\u016f, zejm\u00e9na ekonom\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pro uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvali KGB.\r\n\r\nA nyn\u00ed se podrobn\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me na Savos\u0165janov\u016fv v\u00fdmluvn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Savos\u0165janov byl v\u00a0roce 1994 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b propu\u0161t\u011bn z\u00a0rusk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch struktur, kter\u00e9 tehdy pr\u00e1v\u011b m\u011bnily jm\u00e9no. Mimochodem stalo se to, kdy\u017e se podnikatelsk\u00e1 skupina KGB Most (na jej\u00edho\u017e \u0161\u00e9fa Vladimira Gusinsk\u00e9ho Putin poprv\u00e9 za\u00fato\u010dil pot\u00e9, co se dostal k\u00a0moci) dostala do konfliktu s\u00a0vlastn\u00edm \u0161\u00e9fem bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slu\u017eby prezidenta Jelcina, jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch gener\u00e1l\u016f KGB v\u00a0Rusku Alexandrem Kor\u017eakovem.\r\n\r\nNicm\u00e9n\u011b, jak u\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, se gener\u00e1lmajor Savos\u0165janov rychle vr\u00e1til nejen k\u00a0moci, ale tak\u00e9 do funkce z\u00e1stupce vedouc\u00edho prezidentsk\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e.\r\n\r\nA nejen\u017ee se vr\u00e1til. Dnes se obvykle m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee b\u00fdval\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky FSB\/KGB dosadil do v\u0161ech funkc\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b Putin, tento proces v\u0161ak za\u010dal mnohem d\u0159\u00edv. T\u0159eba je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0roce 1997 se d\u00edky Savos\u0165janovov\u00fdm snah\u00e1m dokonce ne vyslou\u017eil\u00fd, ale aktivn\u011b slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk FSB gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edk Viktor Kondratov stal Jelcinov\u00fdm zmocn\u011bncem (odpov\u00edd\u00e1 dne\u0161n\u00edmu \u00fa\u0159adu gubern\u00e1tora) pro P\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fd kraj. Po odchodu z\u00a0funkce v\u00a0roce 1999 se Kondratov vr\u00e1til k\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm slo\u017ek\u00e1m: byl p\u0159elo\u017een na \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed FSB v\u00a0Moskv\u011b. S\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee nejde zdaleka o\u00a0ojedin\u011bl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad.\r\n\r\nPikantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed detail spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 patrn\u011b v\u00a0tom, \u017ee Savos\u0165janov byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za spolupracovn\u00edka \u201ereform\u00e1tora\u201c Anatolije \u010cubajse. Nem\u011bli bychom v\u0161ak zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee \u010cubajs sehr\u00e1l jednu z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rol\u00ed p\u0159i pozv\u00e1n\u00ed Putina do Moskvy pot\u00e9, co petrohradsk\u00fd prim\u00e1tor Anatolij Sob\u010dak v\u00a0roce 1996 prohr\u00e1l volby. Teprve pot\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u010cubajs odehr\u00e1vat v\u00a0Putinov\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed kari\u00e9\u0159e v\u00fdznamnou roli, ne\u017e se tento stal Jelcinov\u00fdm n\u00e1stupcem.\r\n\r\nNajdeme spoustu zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 tuto skute\u010dnost potvrzuj\u00ed, zm\u00edn\u00edm v\u0161ak, \u017ee o\u00a0tom ve\u0159ejn\u011b \u0159ekl b\u00fdval\u00fd \u0161\u00e9f Jelcinovy kancel\u00e1\u0159e a jeho ze\u0165 V.\u00a0Juma\u0161ev.\r\n\r\n\u201ePutina nena\u0161el j\u00e1. Putina vyhledal nejd\u0159\u00edv Anatolij \u010cubajs, pak vedouc\u00ed Hlavn\u00edho kontroln\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu Kancel\u00e1\u0159e prezidenta Rusk\u00e9 federace Alexej Kudrin\u201c, potvrdil Juma\u0161ev pro televizi Do\u017e\u010f v\u00a0prosinci minul\u00e9ho roku.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"642\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/511387-786516-1287x836-1-e1592574341247.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/511387-786516-1287x836-1-e1592574341247.jpg\" width=\"642\" height=\"428\" \/><\/a> Vladimir Putin \/ Foto AP[\/caption]\r\n\r\nPro\u010d \u201ereform\u00e1to\u0159i\u201c A.\u00a0\u010cubajs a A.\u00a0Kudrin (mimochodem oba maj\u00ed velk\u00fd vliv dodnes) podpo\u0159ili Putina? Odpov\u011b\u010f je jasn\u00e1: oba n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem napom\u00e1hali podvodu, kter\u00fd zorganizovala KGB a uskute\u010dnil Putin spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0Kudrinem (jeho\u017e form\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0161\u00e9fem byl Sob\u010dak, dnes zmi\u0148ovan\u00fd v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch jako n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed inform\u00e1tor KGB, i kdy\u017e se to neprok\u00e1zalo) v\u00a0Petrohrad\u011b po rozpadu SSSR. Tyto podvody v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bli k\u00a0polo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016f dne\u0161n\u00edho re\u017eimu vybudovan\u00e9ho KGB a mafi\u00ed.\r\n\r\nM\u00e1 v\u0161ak smysl posoudit aktivity A.\u00a0\u010cubajse a KGB samostatn\u011b. N\u011bco k\u00a0tomu pov\u011bd\u011bl t\u0159eba b\u00fdval\u00fd pracovn\u00edk Putinovy administrativy Simon Kordonskij v\u00a0rozhovoru pro R\u00e1dio Svoboda vloni v\u00a0\u010dervenci, \u010dlen tzv. reformn\u00ed skupiny ekonom\u016f, kter\u00e1 vznikla p\u0159ed rozpadem Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. L\u00eddrem t\u00e9to skupiny byl nejd\u0159\u00edv \u010cubajs, pak Jegor Gajdar, jen\u017e se pozd\u011bji stal premi\u00e9rem \u201edemokratick\u00e9ho Ruska\u201c.\r\n\r\nZa\u010d\u00e1tkem 1990.\u00a0let, p\u0159ed rozpadem Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu, se Kordonskij p\u0159est\u011bhoval do Moskvy, kde se setkal s\u00a0\u010cubajsem, Petrem Avenem (dnes oligarchou, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 bl\u00edzko k\u00a0Putinovi), Alexejem Kudrinem (jeho\u017e otec byl mimochodem vojensk\u00fdm kryptografem a ne\u017e se pustil do ekonomiky, p\u016fsobil na jedn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 akademii) a dal\u0161\u00edmi \u010dleny tzv. moskevsk\u00e9 a leningradsk\u00e9 skupiny ekonom\u016f \u010cubajse a Gajdara, rovn\u011b\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako \u010dlenov\u00e9 semin\u00e1\u0159e na turistick\u00e9 chat\u011b Zmeinaja Gorka Leningradsk\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00a0roku 1986.\r\n\r\nNejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak je, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 S.\u00a0Kordonskij o\u00a0t\u011bch \u010dasech: \u201eStal jsem se z\u00e1stupcem \u0161\u00e9fredaktora \u010dasopisu V\u011bk XX i mir. A v\u00edte, kdo byl \u0161\u00e9fredaktorem? Anatolij B\u011bljajev, gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edk rozv\u011bdky, kter\u00fd ode\u0161el do z\u00e1lohy. M\u00fdm a Gajdarov\u00fdm kur\u00e1torem pak byl Serjo\u017ea Kugu\u0161ev. Jednalo se o\u00a0regul\u00e9rn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edka analytick\u00e9 skupiny KGB. Pr\u00e1v\u011b on to cel\u00e9 \u201eprotla\u010dil\u201c. Ty vztahy n\u011bjak souvisely s\u00a0ozbrojen\u00fdmi sbory (p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slu\u017eby).\r\n\r\nSpole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0Glebem Pavlovsk\u00fdm (u\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm politick\u00fdm technologem, kter\u00fd pomohl Putinovu p\u0159\u00edchodu k\u00a0moci\u00a0\u2013 M.L.) sed\u00edme ve\u010der v\u00a0redakci, najednou vol\u00e1 jeho man\u017eelka, hlas se j\u00ed t\u0159ese, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: oni se v\u00e1s chystaj\u00ed zatknout. [...] P\u0159ijdou dva opil\u00ed plukovn\u00edci a \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed: p\u0159ijmete n\u00e1s do pr\u00e1ce! [...] Najali jsme je jako analytiky pro agenturu Post Factum.\r\n\r\nPak v\u00a0roce 1991 do\u0161lo ke st\u00e1tn\u00edmu p\u0159evratu, k\u00a0rozvratu syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd j\u00e1 dnes vn\u00edm\u00e1m \u00fapln\u011b jinak, ne\u017e si mnoz\u00ed mysl\u00ed. V\u00a0roce 1989 m\u011b S.\u00a0Kugu\u0161ev po\u017e\u00e1dal, abych napsal, jak p\u0159ej\u00edt od socialismu ke kapitalismu. Tak jsem to napsal\u00a0\u2013 pod p\u0159ezd\u00edvkou Altajev.\r\n\r\nText s\u00a0titulkem \u201eSc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 X\u201c byl pozd\u011bji zve\u0159ejn\u011bn. Ne\u0161lo zdaleka o\u00a0jedin\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek o\u00a0t\u00e9to ideologii. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159echodu k\u00a0\u201e\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 verzi\u201c byly ji\u017e zpracov\u00e1ny. [...] Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed toto v\u0161e m\u011bli ud\u011blat, v\u0161ak zakusili chu\u0165 pen\u011bz. Cht\u011bli \u017e\u00edt jako na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, ale ponechat si sv\u00e9 postaven\u00ed\u201c.\r\n\r\nInformace, \u017ee plukovn\u00edk KGB Kugu\u0161ev byl tak\u00e9 kur\u00e1torem A.\u00a0\u010cubajse a cel\u00e9 skupiny reformn\u00edch ekonom\u016f hned od za\u010d\u00e1tku, se na\u0161la i v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch pramenech. Tyto dal\u0161\u00ed prameny dokonce tvrdily, \u017ee Kugu\u0161ev byl \u010dlenem tajn\u00e9 skupiny zalo\u017een\u00e9 Jurijem Andropovem, \u0161\u00e9fem KGB, kter\u00fd se stal hlavou SSSR, kv\u016fli p\u0159\u00edprav\u00e1m na reformu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Bylo to v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e1 poprv\u00e9, co to ve\u0159ejn\u011b potvrdil \u010dlen reformn\u00ed skupiny ekonom\u016f.\r\n\r\nPro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9? M\u016f\u017eeme to vysv\u011btlit jedn\u00edm cit\u00e1tem od samotn\u00e9ho S.\u00a0Kugu\u0161eva v\u00a0listu Komsomolskaja pravda z\u00a0\u00fanora 1991.\r\n\r\n\u201e[...] Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0blok skute\u010dn\u00fdch podnikatel\u016f, voj\u00e1k\u016f a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 \u0161irokou podporu obyvatel, dok\u00e1\u017ee zastavit dal\u0161\u00ed vytunelov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b a prov\u00e9st privatizaci ve prosp\u011bch jej\u00edho lidu. Nech\u00e1me-li stranou emoce a pod\u00edv\u00e1me-li se na historick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017eily p\u0159ej\u00edt od totality k\u00a0tr\u017en\u00edmu hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, mus\u00edme uznat, \u017ee se reformy ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b bu\u010f p\u0159\u00edmo, nebo nep\u0159\u00edmo op\u00edraly o\u00a0vojenskou moc, o\u00a0velmi p\u0159\u00edsnou vl\u00e1du. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 tedy druh\u00e1 cesta: tr\u017en\u00ed reformy veden\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsnou vl\u00e1dou\u201c.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"642\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/411732-368044-1287x836-1-e1592574810783.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/411732-368044-1287x836-1-e1592574810783.jpg\" width=\"642\" height=\"428\" \/><\/a> Rusko \/ Foto BNS[\/caption]\r\n\r\nM\u016f\u017eeme jen p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b A.\u00a0\u010cubajs je ofici\u00e1ln\u011b pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n za otce rusk\u00e9 privatizace. T\u00e9 privatizace, kter\u00e1 tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ila dne\u0161n\u00ed rusk\u00fd mafi\u00e1nsk\u00fd st\u00e1t. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee \u010cubajs z\u016fstal \u00fazce spjat se z\u00e1stupci KGB nejen tehdy, kdy byl pod p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm dohledem S.\u00a0Kugu\u0161eva. Spolupracoval s\u00a0nimi tak\u00e9 p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed privatizace. Co\u017e vede k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee nyn\u00ed m\u00e1me skute\u010dn\u011b d\u016fvod pochybovat, \u017ee se takto rozhodl s\u00e1m, nikoli \u017ee tak p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci KGB u\u010dinili za n\u011bj.\r\n\r\nP\u016fsobil u\u00a0rusk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy od roku 1991, i minim\u00e1ln\u011b od roku 1992 byl jedn\u00edm z\u00a0\u010cubajsov\u00fdch nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch kamar\u00e1d\u016f d\u016fstojn\u00edk zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozv\u011bdky KGB (ofici\u00e1ln\u011b d\u016fstojn\u00edk v\u00a0z\u00e1loze) Arkadij Jevstafjev, kter\u00fd ofici\u00e1ln\u011b slou\u017eil jako poradce a tiskov\u00fd mluv\u010d\u00ed, ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u010dlov\u011bka mnohem vlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho.\r\n\r\nJedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch skand\u00e1l\u016f z\u00a0Jelcinovy doby byl ten, kdy byl Jevstafjev zat\u010den v\u00a0dob\u011b volebn\u00ed kampan\u011b 1996 Jelcinov\u00fdm osobn\u00edm d\u016fv\u011brn\u00edkem, jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed v\u00a0Kremlu A.\u00a0Kor\u017eakovem, kter\u00fd m\u011bl na starosti person\u00e1ln\u00ed politiku. Po tomto skand\u00e1lu Kor\u017eakov o\u00a0svou funkci p\u0159i\u0161el, p\u0159esto\u017ee m\u011bl na Jelcina zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed vliv, zat\u00edmco Jevstafjevova kari\u00e9ra hladce postupovala d\u00e1l. Dnes ho m\u016f\u017eeme pokl\u00e1dat za jednoho z\u00a0rusk\u00fdch oligarch\u016f.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"642\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/509292-732912-1287x836-1-e1592574956894.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/509292-732912-1287x836-1-e1592574956894.jpg\" width=\"642\" height=\"428\" \/><\/a> Rusko \/ Foto BNS[\/caption]\r\n\r\nTento incident mimochodem znovu n\u00e1zorn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1996 skupiny KGB v\u00a0Jelcinov\u011b prost\u0159ed\u00ed sout\u011b\u017eily. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tak popsal s\u00e1m Jelcin tento incident ve sv\u00e9 knize Prezidentsk\u00fd maraton, jako boj o\u00a0moc mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi skupinami ve sv\u00e9m okol\u00ed, nikoli jako n\u011b\u010d\u00ed snahu p\u0159ekazit jeho zvolen\u00ed, jak se n\u011bkdy tvrd\u00ed.\r\n\r\nMimochodem A.\u00a0Jevstafjev dokonce m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed vztahy s\u00a0Alfredem Kochem, kter\u00fd ji\u017e byl \u010dlenem shora zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 reformn\u00ed skupiny A.\u00a0\u010cubajse a J.\u00a0Gajdara, od roku 1993 pak m\u00edstop\u0159edsedou Gosimu\u0161\u010destva (\u00fa\u0159adu pro spr\u00e1vu st\u00e1tn\u00edho majetku) odpov\u011bdn\u00fdm za privatizaci.\r\n\r\nAni Jevstafjev v\u0161ak nebyl jedin\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem KGB v\u00a0\u010cubajsov\u011b nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm okol\u00ed. Od roku 1992 pat\u0159\u00ed Jegor Korn\u011bjev, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozv\u011bdky KGB, mezi nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postavy u\u00a0Fondu rusk\u00e9ho feder\u00e1ln\u00edho majetku, kter\u00fd se p\u0159\u00edmo pod\u00edl\u00ed na prodeji aktiv.\r\n\r\nP\u0159esto\u017ee naj\u00edt pravdiv\u00e9 informace o\u00a0t\u00e9to z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 postav\u011b je dnes velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, ve svazku na A.\u00a0\u010cubajse, kter\u00fd dala dohromady Kor\u017eakovova kancel\u00e1\u0159 v\u00a0roce 1994, zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9m v\u0161ak mnohem pozd\u011bji, je Korn\u011bjev ozna\u010den za d\u016fstojn\u00edka prvn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu KGB (zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozv\u011bdky) a \u201ez\u00e1stupce\u201c A.\u00a0\u010cubajse.\r\n\r\nPan Aven, z n\u011bj\u017e je dnes oligarcha, nejen pom\u00e1hal \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 Putinov\u011b kari\u00e9\u0159e v Moskv\u011b. V roce 1992 pr\u00e1v\u011b Aven v podstat\u011b Putina zachr\u00e1nil a umo\u017enil mu pokra\u010dovat ve zlo\u010dinn\u00e9m vlastnictv\u00ed v Petrohrad\u011b. Jako tehdej\u0161\u00ed ministr pro zahrani\u010dn\u011b ekonomick\u00e9 vztahy Aven toti\u017e prost\u011b ignoroval pod\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edsedy kontroln\u00ed rady prezidentsk\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e Jurije Boldyreva, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkalo Putinov\u00fdch aktivit.\r\n\r\nPod\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1zelo z\u00a0tzv. zpr\u00e1vy Mariny Saljeov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 pojedn\u00e1vala o\u00a0Putinov\u00fdch ob\u0159\u00edch podvodech v\u00a0Petrohrad\u011b. Aven v\u0161ak nam\u00edsto toho, aby Putina potrestal, ud\u011blil mu dal\u0161\u00ed pravomoc k\u00a0tunelov\u00e1n\u00ed.\r\n\r\nV\u00a0kontextu upevn\u011bn\u00ed postaven\u00ed KGB u\u00a0moci v\u00a0Rusku hned po rozpadu SSSR je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zm\u00ednit, \u017ee jakmile se Aven stal ministrem pro zahrani\u010dn\u011b ekonomick\u00e9 vztahy, pozval Michaila Fradkova, aby mu d\u011blal n\u00e1m\u011bstka. I kdy\u017e to nebylo ofici\u00e1ln\u011b potvrzeno, jen m\u00e1lokdo pochybuje, \u017ee Fradkov byl d\u016fstojn\u00edkem zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozv\u011bdky KGB s\u00a0diplomatick\u00fdm kryt\u00edm v\u00a0SSSR.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"642\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/618337-175257-1287x836-1-e1592575216247.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/618337-175257-1287x836-1-e1592575216247.jpg\" width=\"642\" height=\"435\" \/><\/a> Vladimir Putin \/ Foto AP[\/caption]\r\n\r\nP\u0159i pohledu na vlastn\u00ed \u017eivotopis p.\u00a0Avena m\u016f\u017eeme pojmout podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee a\u010dkoli je ekonomem, mohl b\u00fdt s\u00e1m d\u016fstojn\u00edkem KGB pracuj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00a0utajen\u00ed. V\u00a0letech 1989 a\u017e 1991 byl jako ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed poradce Ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed SSSR pracovn\u011b vysl\u00e1n na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fastav aplikovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch anal\u00fdz se s\u00eddlem nedaleko rakousk\u00e9 V\u00eddn\u011b.\r\n\r\nTento \u00fastav je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u0161t\u00e1b pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed reformy SSSR ze strany KGB, kter\u00fd zalo\u017eil a n\u00e1sledn\u011b kontroloval \u0161\u00e9f KGB a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hlava Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu Jurij Andropov. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1stupce tohoto \u00fastavu nebyl v\u00a0Gajdarov\u011b vl\u00e1d\u011b.\r\n\r\nNejde zdaleka o\u00a0cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh upevn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0Rusku t\u011bch, kdo se pod\u00edlel na Putinov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchodu k\u00a0moci a m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vazby na KGB, co\u017e za\u010dalo je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed rozpadem SSSR.\r\n\r\nTento d\u00edl m\u016f\u017eeme nicm\u00e9n\u011b symbolicky zakon\u010dit viz\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka, u\u00a0n\u011bj\u017e se je\u0161t\u011b st\u00e1le \u010dasto m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bl k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee se Putin stal Jelcinov\u00fdm n\u00e1stupcem. Jde o\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bka \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e9ho za \u0161edou eminenci Jelcinova prezidentstv\u00ed, a sice Borise Berezovsk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd se pozd\u011bji stal jeho \u00fahlavn\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edtelem a z\u00e1hadn\u011b zem\u0159el v\u00a0emigraci v\u00a0Lond\u00fdn\u011b v\u00a0roce 2013. Mimochodem samotn\u00e9ho Berezovsk\u00e9ho Putinovi p\u0159edstavil u\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd \u201eekonom\u201c P.\u00a0Aven na za\u010d\u00e1tku posledn\u00edho desetilet\u00ed 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed.\r\n\r\n\u201eUd\u011blal jsem jednu syst\u00e9movou chybu. Myslel jsem, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed protireformn\u00ed s\u00edlou byli komunist\u00e9. Byla to v\u0161ak FSB, neboli p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno KGB SSSR. Tato organizace p\u0159e\u017eila jako duchovn\u00ed bratrstv\u00ed, zlo\u010dinn\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed. KGB byla z\u00e1kladem sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, tvo\u0159ili ji lid\u00e9 vycvi\u010den\u00ed k\u00a0p\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed zlo\u010din\u016f, jim\u017e se \u0159\u00edkalo, \u017ee zlo\u010dinci nejsou. A tito lid\u00e9 nikam neode\u0161li.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"642\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/594065-208505-1287x836-1-e1592575581901.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/594065-208505-1287x836-1-e1592575581901.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"642\" height=\"428\" \/><\/a> Vladimir Putin na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b v Izraeli \/ Foto AP[\/caption]\r\n\r\nKGB se tedy roz\u0161t\u011bpila na spoustu konkuren\u010dn\u00edch skupin, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily sv\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm nebo ciz\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm. Uk\u00e1zalo se v\u0161ak, \u017ee jej\u00ed \u00fadajn\u00fd rozpad byl jen p\u0159edst\u00edran\u00fd\u201c, napsal Berezovskij ve sv\u00e9 \u017eivotopisn\u00e9 knize Autoportr\u00e9t, aneb Z\u00e1pisky ob\u011b\u0161ence.\r\n\r\nT\u011bmito slovy mimochodem popisuje situaci, kdy se podle samotn\u00e9ho Berezovsk\u00e9ho p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed Jelcinova n\u00e1stupce dalo vyb\u00edrat pouze mezi I.\u00a0Primakovem a V.\u00a0Putinem.\r\n\r\nP\u0159ipad\u00e1 v\u00e1m Putin\u016fv v\u00fdrok o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edc\u00edch FSB vyslan\u00fdch do vl\u00e1dy (mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu do rusk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy jako celku), aby tu pracovali v\u00a0utajen\u00ed, st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b jako vtip?\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><em>Druh\u00fd d\u00edl \u010dl\u00e1nku si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v\u00a0litev\u0161tin\u011b na port\u00e1lu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lrt.lt\/naujienos\/nuomones\/3\/1169997\/marius-laurinavicius-20-putino-metu-is-dresdeno-tarptautinio-terorizmo-pedsakas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LRT<\/a> nebo p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden v\u00a0p\u0159ekladu na na\u0161em webu.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/12\/InformNapalm_logo_05.png\" width=\"108\" height=\"50\" \/>P\u0159eklad z\u00a0litev\u0161tiny do ru\u0161tiny zpracovali partne\u0159i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komunity InformNapalm v\u00a0Litv\u011b, Centrum ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho odporu Res Publica<\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Respublic\/\"><img class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/06\/Logo-Res-Publica.jpg\" width=\"63\" height=\"63\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nP\u0159eklad: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scyhol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8482"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8482\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8484,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8482\/revisions\/8484"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}