{"id":8666,"date":"2020-08-13T14:43:01","date_gmt":"2020-08-13T14:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=8666"},"modified":"2020-08-17T14:51:13","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T14:51:13","slug":"5-piliru-ruskych-dezinformaci-dle-zpravy-ministerstva-zahranici-usa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/5-piliru-ruskych-dezinformaci-dle-zpravy-ministerstva-zahranici-usa\/","title":{"rendered":"5 pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f rusk\u00fdch dezinformac\u00ed dle zpr\u00e1vy Ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed USA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nab\u00edz\u00edme \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm InformNapalmu zaj\u00edmav\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek z\u00a0Uchoose.info<\/a>. Tato publikace stru\u010dn\u011b rozeb\u00edr\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed str\u00e1nky rusk\u00e9 propagandy na z\u00e1klad\u011b analytick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy Ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed USA.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden uve\u0159ejnilo Ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed USA rozs\u00e1hlou zpr\u00e1vu<\/a> s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Pil\u00ed\u0159e rusk\u00fdch dezinformac\u00ed a ekosyst\u00e9m propagandy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Tato studie popisuje vybudovan\u00fd a v\u00edce\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Zdaleka ne pro v\u0161echny na\u0161e spoluob\u010dany je bohu\u017eel zjevn\u00e9 n\u011bco, co uk\u00e1zali vzd\u00e1len\u00ed zaoce\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed analytici, proto shrneme hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenky zpr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 Ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed popisuje \u010dinnost rusk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu jako \u201ehlavn\u00ed hrozbu\u201c v\u00a0dezinforma\u010dn\u00ed sf\u00e9\u0159e, co\u017e ukazuje na z\u00e1va\u017enost proces\u016f, obrovsk\u00fd rozsah a zna\u010dnou \u00fa\u010dinnost rusk\u00e9 propagandistick\u00e9 ma\u0161in\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n

Analytici kvalifikuj\u00ed ruskou propagandistickou ma\u0161in\u00e9rii jako ekosyst\u00e9m, tedy slo\u017eitou v\u00edce\u00farov\u0148ovou strukturu se schopnost\u00ed samoregulace, regenerace a rozr\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

EKOSYST\u00c9M RUSK\u00c9 PROPAGANDY SPO\u010c\u00cdV\u00c1 NA P\u011aTI PIL\u00cd\u0158\u00cdCH:<\/h2>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

(prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Kremlu nebo ministerstev, ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, v\u00fdroky rusk\u00fdch politik\u016f);<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eba placen\u00e1 st\u00e1tem<\/strong><\/p>\n

(rusk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia ur\u010den\u00e1 dom\u00e1c\u00edmu a zahrani\u010dn\u00edmu obecenstvu, zahrani\u010dn\u00ed m\u00e9dia financovan\u00e1 Kremlem, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sociokulturn\u00ed instituce financovan\u00e9 Kremlem);<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 proxy m\u00e9dia<\/strong><\/p>\n

(sv\u011btov\u00e1 a region\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch napojen\u00e1 na Rusko, v\u011bdom\u00ed \u010di nev\u011bdom\u00ed influence\u0159i\/mluv\u010d\u00ed\/experti, kte\u0159\u00ed popularizuj\u00ed rusk\u00e9 narativy, \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed narativ\u016f na ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni ciz\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f);<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n

(infiltrace do vnit\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed zem\u00ed, provokov\u00e1n\u00ed vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch konflikt\u016f a protestn\u00edch akc\u00ed);<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kybernetick\u00e9 dezinformace<\/strong><\/p>\n

(zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed hackersk\u00fdch informac\u00ed, p\u0159ivlast\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a klonov\u00e1n\u00ed web\u016f, fal\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed dokument\u016f, \u00fatoky na ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di objektivn\u00ed m\u00e9dia).<\/p>\n

T\u011bchto p\u011bt pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f je rozm\u00edst\u011bno v\u00a0odst\u0159ediv\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed od Kremlu. Prvn\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159 je s\u00a0n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edmo spojen, ten druh\u00fd stoj\u00ed o\u00a0n\u011bco d\u00e1l, od t\u0159\u00ed zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se m\u016f\u017ee Kreml klidn\u011b distancovat s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee Rusko pr\u00fd nem\u00e1 s\u00a0t\u00edm nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. V\u0161ech p\u011bt pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f slo\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch narativ\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0rusk\u00fdch vojensko-strategick\u00fdch kruz\u00edch se tomuto procesu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 informa\u010dn\u00ed konfrontace. Tento term\u00edn je aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed jak pro v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd, tak pro m\u00edrov\u00fd kontext. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed term\u00edn \u201eaktivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed\u201c<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00fd p\u0159eklad infografiky ze zpr\u00e1vy Ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed USA<\/em><\/p>\n

TYPICK\u00c9 VLASTNOSTI RUSK\u00c9HO EKOSYST\u00c9MU PROPAGANDY JSOU:<\/h2>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 nem\u00e1 jednotn\u00fd kan\u00e1l pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed;<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky p\u0159es r\u016fzn\u00e9 zdroje nemaj\u00ed stejnou formu;<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se r\u016fzn\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed a posiluj\u00edc\u00ed form\u00e1ty, i kdy\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy mohou p\u016fsobit jako vz\u00e1jemn\u011b si odporuj\u00edc\u00ed;<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 p\u011bt dezinforma\u010dn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 taktiky;<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sn\u00ed\u017eit hodnotu demokratick\u00fdch instituc\u00ed, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci USA se spojenci.<\/p>\n

TAKTO ROZV\u011aTVEN\u00dd A ROZS\u00c1HL\u00dd SYST\u00c9M M\u00c1 T\u0158I JASN\u00c9 P\u0158EDNOSTI:<\/h2>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 umo\u017e\u0148uje prosazovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 obm\u011bny t\u00e9ho\u017e fale\u0161n\u00e9ho narativu pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 c\u00edlov\u00e9 skupiny;<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u00fdch manipulac\u00ed skrze proxy m\u00e9dia si m\u016f\u017ee Kreml um\u00fdt ruce, vyvr\u00e1tit kritiku a z\u00e1rove\u0148 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it po\u017eadovan\u00e9 informace;<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0efektu \u201emedi\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1soben\u00ed\u201c mezi p\u011bti pil\u00ed\u0159i, co\u017e zv\u011bt\u0161uje dosah a odezvu.<\/p>\n

Efekt \u201emedi\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1soben\u00ed\u201c m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkdy zp\u016fsobit cel\u00e9 dezinforma\u010dn\u00ed bou\u0159e, kter\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ohro\u017euj\u00ed ty, koho Moskva pova\u017euje za oponenty na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed, st\u00e1tn\u00ed nebo m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/p>\n

ZPR\u00c1VA MINISTERSTVA ZAHRANI\u010c\u00cd ILUSTRUJE EFEKT \u201eMEDI\u00c1LN\u00cdHO N\u00c1SOBEN\u00cd\u201c P\u0158\u00cdKLADEM RUSK\u00c9HO NARATIVU O\u00a0KORONAVIRU JAKO BIOLOGICK\u00c9 ZBRANI USA.<\/h2>\n
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  1. \u017dirinovskij (z\u00e1stupce re\u017eimu) ozna\u010duje koronavirus za \u201ebiologickou zbra\u0148 USA\u201c.<\/li>\n
  2. Tento vzkaz p\u0159evezme a modifikuje televize Zv\u011bzda (expert vyjad\u0159uje n\u00e1zor, \u017ee konorovirus je biologick\u00e1 zbra\u0148), Sputnik Arabic (je koronavirus tajnou americkou zbran\u00ed?) a Rossija\u00a01.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vzkazu mezi proxy m\u00e9dii jako je News Front nebo Geopolitica.ru.<\/li>\n
  4. \u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed narativu na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.<\/li>\n
  5. Hackersk\u00e1 operace Ghostwriter, \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch informac\u00ed o\u00a0n\u00e1kaze a fale\u0161n\u00e9 znaleck\u00e9 v\u00fdpov\u011bdi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Narativ vznikl v\u00a0lednu 2020 a v\u00a0b\u0159eznu ji\u017e dos\u00e1hl velk\u00e9 popularity.<\/p>\n

    P\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va vyjmenov\u00e1v\u00e1 a analyzuje pouze hlavn\u00ed proxy m\u00e9dia Kremlu jako je moskevsk\u00fd \u010dasopis Strategic Culture Foundation<\/em>, kanadsk\u00fd web Global Research<\/em> nebo krymsk\u00fd News Front<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee Rusko vede v\u00e1lku s\u00a0Ukrajinou, i t\u00e9ma ukrajinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu prakticky neopou\u0161t\u00ed agendu hlavn\u00edch hl\u00e1sn\u00fdch trub rusk\u00e9 propagandy, nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit, kolik pozornosti v\u011bnuje Kreml podpo\u0159e a rozvoji sv\u00fdch proxy m\u00e9di\u00ed, v\u011bdom\u00fdch \u010di nev\u011bdom\u00fdch influencer\u016f v\u00a0t\u00e9to zemi.<\/p>\n

    \u201eP\u00e1t\u00e1 kolona\u201c nebo \u201eruka Kremlu\u201c nejsou pouh\u00e1 kli\u0161\u00e9 ani invektiva. N\u011bkdy jde o\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9 a promy\u0161len\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00e9 projekty, kter\u00e9 interaguj\u00ed ve vybudovan\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu rusk\u00e9 propagandy.<\/p>\n

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    K\u00a0t\u00e9matu tak\u00e9 \u010dt\u011bte: Andrij Derka\u010d a jeho p\u00e1sky: o\u00a0zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed operaci RF na ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb v\u00a0USA<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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    \u010ct\u011bte a sd\u00edlejte d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 studie od InformNapalmu<\/h2>\n