{"id":8964,"date":"2020-12-14T12:46:25","date_gmt":"2020-12-14T12:46:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=8964"},"modified":"2020-12-14T12:46:25","modified_gmt":"2020-12-14T12:46:25","slug":"osint-proti-namornictvu-jak-mohou-satelitni-zabery-se-sar-odhalit-skryte-vojenske-manevry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/osint-proti-namornictvu-jak-mohou-satelitni-zabery-se-sar-odhalit-skryte-vojenske-manevry\/","title":{"rendered":"OSINT proti n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu. Jak mohou satelitn\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011bry se SAR odhalit skryt\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 man\u00e9vry"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm InformNapalmu p\u0159eklad zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho anglicky psan\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku z webu Naval News: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Skryt\u00e1 hrozba pro n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo: Jak mohou voln\u011b dostupn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sn\u00edmky sledovat radary<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/a> .<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 o modern\u00edch zp\u016fsobech veden\u00ed OSINT za pomoc ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1b\u011br\u016f z radar\u016f se syntetickou aperturou (SAR).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Radioloka\u010dn\u00ed ru\u0161en\u00ed na funk\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011bry Sentinel-1 nad Barentsov\u00fdm mo\u0159em, kter\u00e9 se kryj\u00ed s \u0159adou raketov\u00fdch test\u016f rusk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva. <\/span><\/span><\/span>Podobn\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed zpravidla neb\u00fdv\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1no v dob\u011b, kdy rusk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo nem\u00e1 v t\u011bchto m\u00edstech cvi\u010den\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n
Radarov\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed na strategick\u00e9m v\u00fdznamn\u00e9m ostrov\u011b Chaj-nan v Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i. <\/span>Data nasb\u00edran\u00e1 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu ur\u010dit\u00fdch obdob\u00ed jsou zobrazov\u00e1na p\u0159es sebe. <\/span>Anal\u00fdzy zpracoval twitterov\u00fd u\u017eivatel <\/span><\/span>d-atis<\/span><\/span><\/a> , kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje a metody.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

Odborn\u00ed vojen\u0161t\u00ed specialist\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 technologie ji\u017e dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta. <\/span>Dru\u017eice ur\u010den\u00e9 k jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eou detekovat a klasifikovat nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed radary. <\/span>Sentinel-1 m\u00e1 omezen\u00fd provozn\u00ed rozsah. <\/span>Vys\u00edl\u00e1 jen na frekvenci 5,4 GHz s p\u0159enosovou kapacitou 100 MHz, proto\u017ee mu br\u00e1n\u00ed radary vys\u00edlaj\u00edc\u00ed na frekvenci 5 300 a\u017e 5 500 MHz. <\/span>Zkr\u00e1tka to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sleduje pouze radary pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed frekvenci, kter\u00e9 jsou podobn\u00e9 jeho vlastn\u00edm.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b obecn\u00e9 informace v OSINT jsme se nem\u011bli zam\u011b\u0159it na to, co dru\u017eice nedok\u00e1\u017ee, ale na to, co dok\u00e1\u017ee. <\/span>Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u00e1 omezen\u00fd senzorick\u00fd obraz, dok\u00e1\u017ee vyzradit vojenskou tajemstv\u00ed. <\/span>A maj\u00ed-li pozorovatel\u00e9 jist\u00e9 technick\u00e9 dovednosti, jsou schopni d\u00e1t dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00fd monitorovac\u00ed obr\u00e1zek. <\/span>Je to zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v kombinaci s dal\u0161\u00edmi OSINT zdroji.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Technick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed analytiku<\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/strong> obsahuj\u00ed n\u00e1stroje OSINT Editor<\/span> sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ru\u0161en\u00ed na frekvenci 5 GHz<\/span><\/a><\/strong> . <\/span>Tento kombinuje n\u011bkolik zobrazen\u00ed ze Sentinelu-1 p\u0159es sebe a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 algoritmy k r\u016fzn\u00fdm sign\u00e1l\u016fm. <\/span>Mezi jeho mo\u017enosti pat\u0159\u00ed i detekce statick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f radarov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ze zobrazen\u00ed se toho m\u016f\u017eete dozv\u011bd\u011bt hodn\u011b. <\/span>Rozsah ru\u0161en\u00ed a opakov\u00e1n\u00ed impulz\u016f pom\u00e1h\u00e1 identifikovat syst\u00e9m. <\/span>Snadno se klasifikuj\u00ed star\u00e9 radary, kter\u00e9 jsou analogov\u00e9 a zpravidla funguj\u00ed se standardn\u00ed standardn\u011b opakovanou pulzac\u00ed. <\/span>M\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159esn\u011b poznat, jak se p\u0159esn\u011b ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed, kdy\u017e kolem prol\u00e9t\u00e1 dru\u017eice. <\/span>Modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed radary poskytuj\u00ed odru\u0161ovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my generuj\u00edc\u00ed zamotan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed interferen\u010dn\u00ed obr\u00e1zek. <\/span>Co\u017e v\u0161ak ur\u010dit, \u017ee nelze identifikovat.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Ze star\u00fdch radar\u016f je snaz\u0161\u00ed sejmout \u201eotisky prst\u016f\u201c, proto\u017ee jsou p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <\/span>N\u011bkdy mohou ru\u0161en\u00ed generovat tak\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 radary nebo jin\u00e1 civiln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, mus\u00edme v\u0161ak v\u017edy zohlednit souvislosti. <\/span>Provozn\u00ed re\u017eim tohoto radaru velmi p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 deset, kter\u00fd byl <\/span><\/span>sledov\u00e1n v Libyi<\/span><\/span><\/a> .<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/h5>\n

Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed SAR m\u016f\u017eete lokalizovat p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00edm obr\u00e1zk\u016f z n\u011bkolika dru\u017eicov\u00fdch pr\u016flet\u016f p\u0159es sebe. <\/span>Ru\u0161en\u00ed obvykle tvo\u0159\u00ed pruh p\u0159es obraz. <\/span>M\u00e1me-li tedy z\u00e1b\u011bry ze dvou pr\u016flet\u016f dru\u017eice s pruhy v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fahlech, je k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pruhu m\u00edst\u011b, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed SAR. <\/span>Radar lze lokalizovat v kombinaci s komer\u010dn\u00edmi strukturami z\u00e1b\u011br\u016f ve vysok\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed (nap\u0159. Google Earth). <\/span>Nebo alespo\u0148 z\u00fa\u017eit okruh hled\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/span>Dokon\u010dit i kdy\u017e radioloka\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 detekce mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed, tak se d\u00e1 zdroj \u010dasto dohledat v p\u00e1smu ru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Plavidla se touto \u201ek\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou\u201c metodou lokalizuj\u00ed h\u016f\u0159e, proto\u017ee se pohybuj\u00ed. <\/span>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eete ur\u010dit typ vojensk\u00e9 lodi. <\/span>K prim\u00e1rn\u00ed identifikaci je obvykle zapot\u0159eb\u00ed jist\u00e9 znalosti souvislost\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch OSINT dat. <\/span>Jak m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt, n\u011bkter\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 lod\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejbojeschopn\u011bji v r\u00e1mci sv\u00fdch flotily.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u016fzkum ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f m\u016f\u017ee tyto metody pou\u017e\u00edvat k monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed situace nejen v rusk\u00e9 Arktid\u011b. <\/span>Vojensk\u00e9 lod\u011b u \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, bl\u00edzko Libye nebo pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed pozemn\u00ed radary jsou tak\u00e9 ve st\u0159edu pozornosti.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u016fzkum ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f m\u016f\u017ee ohrozit n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed operace jak\u00e9hokoli st\u00e1tu. <\/span>Je zdarma, je k dispozici a jeho data se celkem snadno analyzuj\u00ed. <\/span>Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo m\u00e1 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed na internet, m\u016f\u017ee teoreticky naj\u00edt vojensk\u00e9 lod\u011b p\u0159i pln\u011bn\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f. <\/span>Data z radarov\u00e9ho satelitu nejsou velmi snadno a intuitivn\u011b srozumiteln\u00e1, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v\u0161ak OSINT pozorovatel\u016fm dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroj ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed flotily. <\/span>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 flotila se pak p\u0159ed OSINT neschov\u00e1.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Autorem \u010dl\u00e1nku je <\/span><\/span>H. I. Sutton<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong> . <\/span>P\u00ed\u0161e o z\u00e1hadn\u00fdch a m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch ponork\u00e1ch, vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1 neobvyklou a zaj\u00edmavou techniku \u200b\u200ba lod\u011b zapojen\u00e9 do skryt\u00fdch konfrontac\u00ed pod vlnami. <\/span>Ponorky, zejm\u00e9na ty pro zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely, a prom\u011bnliv\u00fd sv\u011bt podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky jsou t\u00e9mata jeho b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/span>K tomu kombinuje nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologie OSINT s klasickou anal\u00fdzou v obrann\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e. <\/span>Ob\u010das na tuto t\u00e9matiku vy\u017eaduje knihu, k n\u00ed\u017e namaluje ilustrace na z\u00e1klad\u011b vlastn\u00edho rozboru. <\/span>M\u00e1 osobn\u00ed web \u201eSkryt\u00e9 b\u0159ehy\u201c v\u011bnuj\u00edc\u00ed se t\u011bmto t\u00e9mat\u016fm (www.hisutton.com).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k t\u00e9matu na InformNapalmu<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Skryt\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 testy<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rusk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 lod\u011b a pod\u00edly na testov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch hypersonick\u00fdch raket s \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dr\u00e1hou letu. <\/span><\/span><\/span>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 v ledov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch Barentsova mo\u0159e, jeden z nejodlehlej\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst na zemikouli. <\/span><\/span><\/span>Kon\u00e1 pod p\u0159\u00edkrovem dlouh\u00e9 arktick\u00e9 noci a pod silnou vrstvou mrak\u016f. <\/span><\/span><\/span>P\u0159ece jen je t\u0159eba sledovat. <\/span><\/span><\/span>A to nejen z ponorek NATO (co\u017e samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nelze potvrdit).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u016fzkum ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f (angl. OSINT – Open Source Intelligence) slou\u017e\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00e9 \u00fadaje k vyhodnocen\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch hrozeb. <\/span>U\u017e jsme si zvykli na komer\u010dn\u00ed strukturu z\u00e1b\u011bry, dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd kartografick\u00fd software nebo Google Earth. <\/span>Je intuitivn\u011b jasn\u00e9, \u017ee n\u011bkdy pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me ik odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch tajemstv\u00ed. <\/span>\u201eNedohl\u00e9dnou\u201c v\u0161ak skrz mraky nebo v noci. <\/span>K tomu se hod\u00ed jinak m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 komer\u010dn\u00ed dru\u017eice. <\/span>Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed technologie, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed <\/span><\/span>radioloka\u010dn\u00ed synt\u00e9za apertury<\/span><\/span><\/a> (anglicky: Synthetic aperture radar – SAR), a pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed z\u00f3ny, kter\u00e9 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi satelitn\u00edmi obr\u00e1zky skryty. <\/span>V z\u00e1sad\u011b radar, aby fungovali tzv. <\/span>vid\u011bt skrz mrak nebo v noci. <\/span>P\u0159ed SAR satelity nedok\u00e1\u017ee schovat ani pol\u00e1rn\u00ed zimu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem pro OSINT je dvojice satelit\u016f Sentinel-1. <\/span>Jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 radarov\u00e9 observato\u0159e, spole\u010dn\u00e9 iniciativy Kopernikus od Evropsk\u00e9 komise (EK) a Evropsk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 agentury (ESA). <\/span>Data jsou sd\u00edlena na s\u00edti a voln\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dru\u017eice Sentinel-1 maj\u00ed vadu, kterou m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt jako p\u0159ednost. <\/span>Jin\u00e9 radarov\u00e9 p\u0159enosy je dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159echodn\u011b \u201eoslepit\u201c. <\/span>To p\u0159esto zkresluje radarov\u00fd obr\u00e1zek, ale tak\u00e9 poskytuje nepl\u00e1novanou \u00fa\u010dinnost s t\u00fdmem, \u017ee je toto vyu\u017eit\u00ed pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 k lokalizaci a n\u011bkdy ik identifikaci p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho radaru.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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