{"id":9060,"date":"2021-01-29T13:53:14","date_gmt":"2021-01-29T13:53:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=9060"},"modified":"2021-01-29T13:53:14","modified_gmt":"2021-01-29T13:53:14","slug":"referenda-oblibeny-nastroj-diktatorskych-rezimu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/referenda-oblibeny-nastroj-diktatorskych-rezimu\/","title":{"rendered":"Referenda: obl\u00edben\u00fd n\u00e1stroj dikt\u00e1torsk\u00fdch re\u017eim\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po vyhodnocen\u00ed dat z\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 170\u00a0referend a plebiscit\u016f za posledn\u00edch 200\u00a0let v\u011bdci zodpov\u011bd\u011bli zaj\u00edmavou ot\u00e1zku: pro\u010d dikt\u00e1torsk\u00e9 a autokratick\u00e9 re\u017eimy po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed referenda s\u00a0p\u0159edem zn\u00e1m\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem, a sice p\u0159esn\u011b takov\u00fdm, jak\u00fd re\u017eim pot\u0159ebuje.<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00a0\u010demu t\u0159eba musela ukrajinsk\u00e1 Zelensk\u00e9ho administrativa uspo\u0159\u00e1dat jak\u00fdsi \u201ev\u0161elidov\u00fd pr\u016fzkum\u201c, s\u00a0n\u00edm\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1kony nepo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed a jeho\u017e v\u00fdsledky nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159it (nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m ani skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se ho z\u00fa\u010dastnili)?<\/p>\n

Podle zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016f<\/a> obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch referend vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dikt\u00e1torsk\u00e9 re\u017eimy. (V\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se k\u00a0nim \u010dasto uchyluje Vladimir Putin, sta\u010d\u00ed zm\u00ednit t\u0159eba Krym, tzv. lidov\u00e9 republiky na Donbase nebo nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lo\u0148sk\u00e9 referendum, kter\u00e9 mu de facto umo\u017enilo z\u016fstat v\u00a0prezidentsk\u00e9m \u00fa\u0159ad\u011b do\u017eivotn\u011b).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ro\u010dn\u00ed po\u010dty referend v zem\u00edch s diktaturou nebo autokraci\u00ed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

K\u00a0\u010demu tyto zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 pohyby v\u00a0podob\u011b referend, kdy\u017e autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 nebo dikt\u00e1torsk\u00e9 re\u017eimy dok\u00e1\u017eou v\u017edy zajistit po\u017eadovan\u00fd v\u00fdsledek? (Nebo kdy\u017e se pou\u017eije elektronick\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e p\u0159esnost prakticky nelze ov\u011b\u0159it, jak se to pl\u00e1nuje v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b).<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti, jak uzav\u00edraj\u00ed v\u011bdci, referenda v\u00a0t\u011bchto zem\u00edch nemaj\u00ed nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00a0demokraci\u00ed<\/strong>, ale p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 uk\u00e1zat n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jednotu ve schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed postupu v\u016fdce nebo vytvo\u0159it podporu\/uk\u00e1zat loajalitu v\u016f\u010di re\u017eimu. Referenda tedy pat\u0159\u00ed mezi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 mechanismy, jak dos\u00e1hnout legitimity \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f v\u00a0nesvobodn\u00fdch zem\u00edch. T\u00edm, \u017ee re\u017eim donut\u00ed voli\u010de p\u0159ij\u00edt a zodpov\u011bd\u011bt vychytrale formulovanou ot\u00e1zku, tak\u00e9 d\u00e1v\u00e1 najevo, \u017ee m\u00e1 obyvatele pod kontrolou.<\/p>\n

Zde je nikoli vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed seznam dikt\u00e1tor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vyu\u017eili referend: Napoleon Bonaparte, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, \u201ePapa Doc\u201c a \u201eB\u00e9b\u00e9 Doc\u201c Duvalierovi, ajatoll\u00e1h Chomejn\u00ed, Alexandr Luka\u0161enko, Ba\u0161\u00e1r Asad, Nursultan Nazarbajev, Vladimir Putin.<\/p>\n

A u\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9ho takov\u00e9ho referenda samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zazn\u00edvalo n\u011bco jako \u201enyn\u00ed se budou ob\u010dan\u00e9 fyzicky pod\u00edlet na rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je pro zemi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9, a vl\u00e1da bude muset v\u016fli lidu naslouchat\u201c.<\/p>\n

A nakonec t\u0159e\u0161ni\u010dka na dortu: v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee nejv\u00edce referend s\u00a0absurdn\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed podpory (99\u00a0%) se konalo v\u00a0zem\u00edch s\u00a0typem autoritarismu zvan\u00fdm sultanismus. Jde o\u00a0formu autoritativn\u00edho vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm osobn\u00edm zapojen\u00edm vl\u00e1dce do v\u0161ech str\u00e1nek st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nep\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00e1m to nic?<\/p>\n

\n

Zdroj: Texty.org.ua<\/a><\/strong>, 27.\u00a0ledna 2021
\nP\u0159eklad: Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po vyhodnocen\u00ed dat z\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 170\u00a0referend a plebiscit\u016f za posledn\u00edch 200\u00a0let v\u011bdci zodpov\u011bd\u011bli zaj\u00edmavou ot\u00e1zku: pro\u010d dikt\u00e1torsk\u00e9 a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":9063,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[523,6073,516],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analytics","category-nazor-all-news","category-all-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nReferenda: obl\u00edben\u00fd n\u00e1stroj dikt\u00e1torsk\u00fdch re\u017eim\u016f - InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/referenda-oblibeny-nastroj-diktatorskych-rezimu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Referenda: obl\u00edben\u00fd n\u00e1stroj dikt\u00e1torsk\u00fdch re\u017eim\u016f - 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InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/referenda-oblibeny-nastroj-diktatorskych-rezimu\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/referenda-oblibeny-nastroj-diktatorskych-rezimu\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/01\/Referenda_-oblibeny-nastroj-diktatorskych-rezimu.jpg","datePublished":"2021-01-29T13:53:14+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/df2cf86bd5e35ae01a82d1108d3c5f51"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/referenda-oblibeny-nastroj-diktatorskych-rezimu\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/referenda-oblibeny-nastroj-diktatorskych-rezimu\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/referenda-oblibeny-nastroj-diktatorskych-rezimu\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/01\/Referenda_-oblibeny-nastroj-diktatorskych-rezimu.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/01\/Referenda_-oblibeny-nastroj-diktatorskych-rezimu.jpg","width":850,"height":425},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/referenda-oblibeny-nastroj-diktatorskych-rezimu\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Referenda: obl\u00edben\u00fd n\u00e1stroj dikt\u00e1torsk\u00fdch re\u017eim\u016f"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/","name":"InformNapalm.org (\u010ce\u0161tina)","description":"Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy z Ukrajiny","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/df2cf86bd5e35ae01a82d1108d3c5f51","name":"svatoslav","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0cc633af9f94c5bc8eca4c7a7bf1e1f390e89d3af1b6a34e2886692888437497?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0cc633af9f94c5bc8eca4c7a7bf1e1f390e89d3af1b6a34e2886692888437497?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"svatoslav"},"url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/author\/svatoslav\/"}]}},"post_src":"<strong>Po vyhodnocen\u00ed dat z\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 170\u00a0referend a plebiscit\u016f za posledn\u00edch 200\u00a0let v\u011bdci zodpov\u011bd\u011bli zaj\u00edmavou ot\u00e1zku: pro\u010d dikt\u00e1torsk\u00e9 a autokratick\u00e9 re\u017eimy po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed referenda s\u00a0p\u0159edem zn\u00e1m\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem, a sice p\u0159esn\u011b takov\u00fdm, jak\u00fd re\u017eim pot\u0159ebuje.<\/strong><!--more-->\r\n\r\nK\u00a0\u010demu t\u0159eba musela ukrajinsk\u00e1 Zelensk\u00e9ho administrativa uspo\u0159\u00e1dat jak\u00fdsi \u201ev\u0161elidov\u00fd pr\u016fzkum\u201c, s\u00a0n\u00edm\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1kony nepo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed a jeho\u017e v\u00fdsledky nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159it (nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m ani skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se ho z\u00fa\u010dastnili)?\r\n\r\nPodle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/326959395_Explaining_the_Paradox_of_Plebiscites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016f<\/a> obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch referend vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dikt\u00e1torsk\u00e9 re\u017eimy. (V\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se k\u00a0nim \u010dasto uchyluje Vladimir Putin, sta\u010d\u00ed zm\u00ednit t\u0159eba Krym, tzv. lidov\u00e9 republiky na Donbase nebo nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lo\u0148sk\u00e9 referendum, kter\u00e9 mu de facto umo\u017enilo z\u016fstat v\u00a0prezidentsk\u00e9m \u00fa\u0159ad\u011b do\u017eivotn\u011b).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"600\"]<img class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/texty.org.ua\/media\/images\/Referendums-in-Autocracies-per-Decade-1800-201.width-600_WAksPa0.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"415\" \/> Ro\u010dn\u00ed po\u010dty referend v zem\u00edch s diktaturou nebo autokraci\u00ed[\/caption]\r\n\r\nK\u00a0\u010demu tyto zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 pohyby v\u00a0podob\u011b referend, kdy\u017e autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 nebo dikt\u00e1torsk\u00e9 re\u017eimy dok\u00e1\u017eou v\u017edy zajistit po\u017eadovan\u00fd v\u00fdsledek? (Nebo kdy\u017e se pou\u017eije elektronick\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e p\u0159esnost prakticky nelze ov\u011b\u0159it, jak se to pl\u00e1nuje v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b).\r\n\r\nProto\u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti, jak uzav\u00edraj\u00ed v\u011bdci, referenda v\u00a0t\u011bchto zem\u00edch <strong>nemaj\u00ed nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00a0demokraci\u00ed<\/strong>, ale p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 uk\u00e1zat n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jednotu ve schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed postupu v\u016fdce nebo vytvo\u0159it podporu\/uk\u00e1zat loajalitu v\u016f\u010di re\u017eimu. Referenda tedy pat\u0159\u00ed mezi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 mechanismy, jak dos\u00e1hnout legitimity \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f v\u00a0nesvobodn\u00fdch zem\u00edch. T\u00edm, \u017ee re\u017eim donut\u00ed voli\u010de p\u0159ij\u00edt a zodpov\u011bd\u011bt vychytrale formulovanou ot\u00e1zku, tak\u00e9 d\u00e1v\u00e1 najevo, \u017ee m\u00e1 obyvatele pod kontrolou.\r\n\r\nZde je nikoli vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed seznam dikt\u00e1tor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vyu\u017eili referend: Napoleon Bonaparte, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, \u201ePapa Doc\u201c a \u201eB\u00e9b\u00e9 Doc\u201c Duvalierovi, ajatoll\u00e1h Chomejn\u00ed, Alexandr Luka\u0161enko, Ba\u0161\u00e1r Asad, Nursultan Nazarbajev, Vladimir Putin.\r\n\r\nA u\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9ho takov\u00e9ho referenda samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zazn\u00edvalo n\u011bco jako \u201enyn\u00ed se budou ob\u010dan\u00e9 fyzicky pod\u00edlet na rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je pro zemi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9, a vl\u00e1da bude muset v\u016fli lidu naslouchat\u201c.\r\n\r\nA nakonec t\u0159e\u0161ni\u010dka na dortu: v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee nejv\u00edce referend s\u00a0absurdn\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed podpory (99\u00a0%) se konalo v\u00a0zem\u00edch s\u00a0typem autoritarismu zvan\u00fdm sultanismus. Jde o\u00a0formu autoritativn\u00edho vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje <strong>v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm osobn\u00edm zapojen\u00edm vl\u00e1dce do v\u0161ech str\u00e1nek st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nNep\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00e1m to nic?\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<em>Zdroj: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/texty.org.ua\/fragments\/102829\/referendumy-ulyublenyj-instrument-dyktatorskyh-rezhymiv\/?fbclid=IwAR3MgIPBEoLmfUtIUwQIiwwYvug2XdJhBek1eACJJCZGxcOLNma0DldWzso\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Texty.org.ua<\/a><\/strong>, 27.\u00a0ledna 2021\r\nP\u0159eklad: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scyhol\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Svatoslav \u0160\u010dyhol<\/a><\/strong><\/em>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9060","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9060"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9060\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9062,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9060\/revisions\/9062"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9060"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9060"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9060"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}