{"id":9202,"date":"2021-04-14T20:05:33","date_gmt":"2021-04-14T20:05:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=9202"},"modified":"2021-04-16T08:04:56","modified_gmt":"2021-04-16T08:04:56","slug":"15-lodi-kaspicke-flotily-rf-miri-do-cerneho-a-azovskeho-more-vyhodnoceni-hrozeb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/15-lodi-kaspicke-flotily-rf-miri-do-cerneho-a-azovskeho-more-vyhodnoceni-hrozeb\/","title":{"rendered":"15 lod\u00ed Kaspick\u00e9 flotily RF m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do \u010cern\u00e9ho a Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Vyhodnocen\u00ed hrozeb"},"content":{"rendered":"

13. dubna informovaly<\/a> webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky Ministerstva obrany Rusk\u00e9 federace, \u017ee lod\u011b Kaspick\u00e9 flotily pokra\u010dovaly v\u00a0p\u0159esunu Donem do Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va \u0159\u00edkala o\u00a0p\u0159esunu 15\u00a0lod\u00ed, z\u00a0toho 3\u00a0d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 a 8\u00a0v\u00fdsadkov\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f, d\u00e1le n\u011bjak\u00e1 pomocn\u00e1 plavidla.<\/p>\n

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Vyhodnocen\u00ed hrozeb<\/h2>\n

Vedouc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch program\u016f ukrajinsk\u00e9ho Centra globalistiky Strategie\u00a0XXI Pavlo Lakij\u010duk<\/a> se pod\u011blil o\u00a0vlastn\u00ed expertn\u00ed vyhodnocen\u00ed re\u00e1lnosti vojensk\u00fdch rizik t\u011bchto \u0161katulat:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eSamotn\u00fd do\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159esun vojensk\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f z\u00a0Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e nen\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed nijak v\u00fdjime\u010dnou. Ji\u017e od roku 2016, kdy Rusov\u00e9 dostaly Azovsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e pod svou plnou kontrolu, prakticky procvi\u010duj\u00ed pos\u00edlen\u00ed skupiny sv\u00fdch jednotek jak na tomto mo\u0159i, tak v\u00a0Ker\u010dsk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu. A to i z\u00a0lodn\u00edho parku Kaspick\u00e9 flotily.<\/em><\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed dva vypracovan\u00e9 postupy p\u0159esunu \u010dlun\u016f z\u00a0Kaspick\u00e9ho do Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e: tzv. ji\u017en\u00ed trasa z\u00a0Macha\u010dkaly do Rostova na vlakov\u00fdch plo\u0161in\u00e1ch a tzv. severn\u00ed trasa p\u0159es vnit\u0159n\u00ed vodn\u00ed cesty z\u00a0Astrachan\u011b p\u0159es Volhu\u00a0\u2013 Vol\u017esko-donsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav\u00a0\u2013 Don a d\u00e1l do Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Druh\u00e1 varianta je up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1na, hod\u00ed se toti\u017e pro p\u0159esun nejen mal\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 men\u0161\u00edch lod\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy korveta. Zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0roce 2016 uskute\u010dnily dva Bujany, mal\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 lod\u011b Kaspick\u00e9 flotily, a sice Serpuchov a Zeljonyj Dol, plavbu p\u0159es Vol\u017esko-donsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav do Azovsk\u00e9ho a \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e a n\u00e1sledn\u011b do St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e, odkud p\u00e1lily z\u00a0Kalibr\u016f na S\u00fdrii. Pozd\u011bji, v\u00a0roce 2018, absolvovaly podobnou cestu tak\u00e9 kaspick\u00e9 mal\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 \u010dluny Grad Svija\u017esk a Velikij Us\u0165ug.<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00a0kv\u011btnu 2018, kdy se vyhrotila tzv. azovsk\u00e1 krize, se z\u00a0Kaspick\u00e9 flotily do Ker\u010de Vol\u017esko-donsk\u00fdm pr\u016fplavem bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed publicity p\u0159esunula skupiny ze t\u0159\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f, dva \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed obrn\u011bn\u00e9 \u010dluny \u0160mel z\u00a0projektu\u00a01204, a sice AK-201 a AK-248, a rychl\u00fd Grif z\u00a0projektu 1400M AK-36. Spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0nimi se vnit\u0159n\u00edmi \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edmi toky do Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e dostaly rejdov\u00fd pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fd \u010dlun RVK-933 a rejdov\u00fd remork\u00e9r RB-410. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esun \u010dlun\u016f z\u00a0Kaspick\u00e9ho do Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e se tak\u00e9 zd\u016fvod\u0148oval pl\u00e1novan\u00fdmi akcemi bojov\u00e9ho v\u00fdcviku, zp\u011bt do Astrachan\u011b se v\u0161ak vr\u00e1tily teprve v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru podzimu, kdy\u017e utichl rozruch s\u00a0uloupen\u00edm dvou ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f v\u00a0Ker\u010dsk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu.
\nNasazen\u00ed lod\u00ed a \u010dlun\u016f Kaspick\u00e9 flotily na Azovsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i m\u00e1 z\u00a0vojensk\u00e9ho hlediska sv\u00e9 opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed: \u010cernomo\u0159sk\u00e1 flotila, kter\u00e1 byla prim\u00e1rn\u011b koncipov\u00e1na pro operace v\u00a0hlubok\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch \u010cern\u00e9ho a St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e, m\u00e1 k\u00a0pln\u011bn\u00ed bojov\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f na Azovsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i jen omezenou zp\u016fsobilost, zat\u00edmco Kaspick\u00e1 flotila je to prav\u00e9 o\u0159echov\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Hned po t\u00e9to medi\u00e1ln\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee Rusov\u00e9 do Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e vyslali lod\u011b z\u00a0v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu, tzv. DESO vybaven\u00e9ho lod\u011bmi palebn\u00e9 podpory (OKOP\u00a0\u2013 odd\u00edl lod\u00ed\/\u010dlun\u016f palebn\u00e9 podpory). Podobn\u00e9 \u00fakoly na Kaspick\u00e9m mo\u0159i pravideln\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b nacvi\u010duj\u00ed 242.\u00a0odd\u00edl v\u00fdsadkov\u00fdch lod\u00ed a 327.\u00a0odd\u00edl d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdch lod\u00ed. Tato domn\u011bnka se potvrdila. Pozd\u011bji jsme se dozv\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee na Azovsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e byly p\u0159esunuty v\u0161echny bojeschopn\u00e9 v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 \u010dluny typu Serna (projekt\u00a011770) a v\u0161echny d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 \u0160mely, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 Kaspick\u00e1 flotila k\u00a0dispozici, a tak\u00e9 hydrografick\u00e9 plavidlo GS-559.
\nNa Azovsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i tedy aktu\u00e1ln\u011b operuje \u010dlunov\u00e1 skupina Kaspick\u00e9 flotily v\u00a0po\u010dtu 5 a\u017e 6\u00a0v\u00fdsadkov\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f z\u00a0projektu\u00a011770, 3 a\u017e 4\u00a0d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 \u010dluny z\u00a0projektu\u00a01204 a 2 a\u017e 3\u00a0pomocn\u00e1 plavidla.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Co dok\u00e1\u017eou?
\n<\/em><\/strong>Vylodit rotn\u00ed taktick\u00fd v\u00fdsadkov\u00fd t\u00fdm (nap\u0159. od 382.\u00a0samostatn\u00e9ho praporu n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchoty se z\u00e1kladnou v\u00a0T\u011bmrjuku) na nevybaven\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0m\u011blk\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e a jezera Siva\u0161. Tento \u00fakol nezvl\u00e1dnou velk\u00e9 v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 lod\u011b \u010cernomo\u0159sk\u00e9 flotily z\u00a0projekt\u016f\u00a01171 a 775 kv\u016fli p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fdm rozm\u011br\u016fm a hlubok\u00e9mu ponoru. Je nutno tak\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b byly do \u010cernomo\u0159sk\u00e9 flotily za\u0159azeny tak\u00e9 dv\u011b Serny, kter\u00e9 kotv\u00ed v\u00a0Novorossijsku, a p\u00e1r dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsadkov\u00fdch \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f Rusk\u00e9 gardy typu BK-16 (projekt\u00a002510), co\u017e v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti Rus\u016f na Azovsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i zdvojn\u00e1sobuje.<\/em><\/p>\n

Co je rotn\u00ed taktick\u00fd v\u00fdsadek?
\n<\/em><\/strong>Nejde o\u00a0hlavn\u00ed invazn\u00ed jednotky, ale o\u00a0taktick\u00fd zp\u016fsob boje za \u00fa\u010delem obsazen\u00ed strategicky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho p\u0159edmost\u00ed v\u00a0tylu nebo na k\u0159\u00eddle nep\u0159\u00edtele a jeho udr\u017een\u00ed do chv\u00edle, ne\u017e doraz\u00ed hlavn\u00ed jednotky. Kaspick\u00e9 lod\u011b tedy sice jsou hrozbou, hlavn\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00ed je v\u0161ak nutno o\u010dek\u00e1vat jinde.<\/em><\/p>\n

Co s\u00a0t\u00edm zm\u016f\u017ee Ukrajina?
\n<\/em><\/strong>Br\u00e1nit jejich \u0159\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed na mo\u0159i, ani\u017e by ukrajinsk\u00fd postup byl ozna\u010den za provokaci, Ukrajina nem\u016f\u017ee: st\u00e1le toti\u017e plat\u00ed ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e1 smlouva mezi Ukrajinou a Ruskou federac\u00ed o\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e a Ker\u010dsk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu z\u00a0roku 2003, kter\u00e1 definuje Azovsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e jako \u201espole\u010dnou vnit\u0159n\u00ed vodn\u00ed plochu\u201c (nonsens) a na jej\u00edm\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b se Rusov\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed za p\u00e1ny Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Ani jednotky, kter\u00e9 Ukrajina na Azovsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i m\u00e1, nesta\u010d\u00ed. I kdy\u017e v\u00a0nutn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u010dty\u0159i zdej\u0161\u00ed Hjurzy dok\u00e1\u017eou kl\u00e1st odpor. Hlavn\u00ed je posilovat protiv\u00fdsadkovou obranu: z\u0159\u00eddit nebo obnovit po zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed protiv\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fasec\u00edch ohro\u017een\u00fdch v\u00fdsadkem, navy\u0161ovat man\u00e9vrov\u00e9 s\u00edly pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed obrany. Permanentn\u011b monitorovat vodn\u00ed plochu a sledovat postup nep\u0159\u00edtele. Toto v\u0161e ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci znaj\u00ed a um\u011bj\u00ed. \u010celit v\u00fdsadku od mo\u0159e je v\u017edy snaz\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u00fato\u010dit, je to klasika. Ukrajinci ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e taktick\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed s\u00a0ostr\u00fdmi st\u0159elbami ze s\u00e9rie V\u00edtr do plachet, pobl\u00ed\u017e okupovan\u00e9ho Krymu se ned\u00e1vno konalo velk\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed odra\u017een\u00ed ofenzivy, a to i od mo\u0159e, na\u0161imi pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edmi d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdmi jednotkami a v\u00fdsadk\u00e1\u0159i, trvaj\u00ed akce pro v\u00fdcvik jednotek \u00fazemn\u00ed obrany\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee v b\u0159eznu 2021 vy\u0161lo obs\u00e1hl\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed a analytick\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed<\/a>, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 zpracoval Pavlo Lakij\u010duk<\/strong>, zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se vyhodnocen\u00edm rozsahu militarizace Krymu. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e1 komunita InformNapalm toto shrnut\u00ed zve\u0159ejnila a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila ve 12\u00a0sv\u011btov\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

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\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k\u00a0t\u00e9matu na InformNapalmu<\/h2>\n