{"id":9229,"date":"2021-05-13T21:01:25","date_gmt":"2021-05-13T21:01:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=9229"},"modified":"2021-05-15T21:09:43","modified_gmt":"2021-05-15T21:09:43","slug":"kremelske-informacni-kanaly-podnecuji-protesty-proti-karantene-na-zapade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/kremelske-informacni-kanaly-podnecuji-protesty-proti-karantene-na-zapade\/","title":{"rendered":"Kremelsk\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly podn\u011bcuj\u00ed protesty proti karant\u00e9n\u011b na Z\u00e1pad\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Demonstranti ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii nesli transparenty vyz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed ke zru\u0161en\u00ed omezen\u00ed a navr\u00e1cen\u00ed svobody\u00a0\/ Matthew Horwood\u00a0\/ foto Getty Images.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Toto vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zpracoval Lukas Andriukaitis<\/a> <\/strong>speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro Centrum ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho odporu Res Publica<\/a><\/strong>. Lukas Andriukaitis je litevsk\u00fd OSINT vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na kremelsk\u00e9 dezinformace a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 konflikty po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. V\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech zam\u011b\u0159uje svou pozornost na rusk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 intervence v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b, S\u00fdrii, Libyi nebo Venezuele.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Od poloviny roku 2020 rusk\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u00e9dia, prokremelsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia a profily na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch piln\u011b informuj\u00ed o\u00a0protestech proti karant\u00e9n\u011b COVID-19 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unii, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii a USA. Jak se to \u010dasto d\u011bje, prokremelsk\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly vyu\u017eily p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti k\u00a0vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zmatku a rozep\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00edch demokraci\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u010cinnost rusk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se protesty proti izolaci m\u016f\u017eeme sledovat za pomoci monitorovac\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, kter\u00e9 dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed nejen vysok\u00fd stupe\u0148 aktivity prokremelsk\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 velk\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd z\u00e1jem. Tyto trendy jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 patrn\u00e9 na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, kdy rozbor koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee se prokremelsk\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly dost \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b osv\u011bd\u010dily jako \u201ekritick\u00e9 hlasy\u201c proti \u201emainstreamov\u00fdm levicov\u00fdm m\u00e9di\u00edm\u201c. Nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda se to prokremelsk\u00fdm m\u00e9di\u00edm poda\u0159ilo, m\u016f\u017eeme v\u0161ak s\u00a0jistotou \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b nasko\u010dily do protikarant\u00e9nn\u00edho vlaku. Nav\u00edc se p\u0159i\u0161lo na to, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 prokremelsk\u00e9 profily na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily kremelsk\u00e9 narativy s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee se v\u00a0letech 2020 a 2021 zam\u011b\u0159ily na narativ proticovidov\u00fd<\/p>\n

Tento rozbor ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f potvrzuje pod\u00edl prokremelsk\u00fdch subjekt\u016f na z\u00e1padn\u00edm informa\u010dn\u00edm prostoru zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9m proti karant\u00e9n\u011b. Anal\u00fdza se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 hlavn\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00edmi m\u00e9dii, prokremelsk\u00fdmi m\u00e9dii a soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi s\u00edt\u011bmi v\u00a0USA a zem\u00edch EU.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tn\u00ed m\u00e9dia<\/strong><\/h2>\n

RT a dal\u0161\u00ed Kremlem vlastn\u011bn\u00e1 m\u00e9dia jsou nechvaln\u011b proslul\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi aktivitami zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edmi informa\u010dn\u00ed zmatek v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00edch. RT b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto ozna\u010dov\u00e1na<\/a> za \u201eoportunistick\u00fd kan\u00e1l\u201c vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd jako \u201en\u00e1stroj st\u00e1tn\u00ed obrann\u00e9 politiky k\u00a0ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed politiky ciz\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f\u201c. Zmatek zp\u016fsoben\u00fd pandemi\u00ed COVIDu-19 se stal jednou z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prokremelsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0tomu, aby se postavila do pozice \u201ekritick\u00e9ho hlasu\u201c proti \u201elevicov\u00e9mu mainstreamu\u201c. Protesty proti karant\u00e9n\u011b jsou toho jednou z\u00a0nejlep\u0161\u00edch uk\u00e1zek.<\/p>\n

U\u017eivatel\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed rychle zaznamenali, \u017ee se RT za\u0159adila mezi p\u0159edn\u00ed m\u00e9dia informuj\u00edc\u00ed o\u00a0protestech proti izolaci ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, a to i prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u017eiv\u00e9ho vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0protest\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0u\u017eivatel\u016f \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b identifikovali RT jako vyvol\u00e1va\u010de zmatku, zat\u00edmco dal\u0161\u00ed kritizovali n\u00e1rodn\u00ed vys\u00edlac\u00ed spole\u010dnost kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee o\u00a0tom neinformovala. To ukazuje, jak je tato strategie RT \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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Uk\u00e1zky u\u017eivatel\u016f Twitteru, kte\u0159\u00ed definuj\u00ed RT jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 m\u00e9dium informuj\u00edc\u00ed o\u00a0protestech proti karant\u00e9n\u011b. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 to vn\u00edmaj\u00ed kladn\u011b, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1porn\u011b. (Twitter\/@Wrangleburry<\/a>, Twitter\/@Otto_English<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, nap\u0159. v\u00a0N\u011bmecku, maj\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly vlastn\u011bn\u00e9 Kremlem v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zastoupen\u00ed na medi\u00e1ln\u00edm poli a dok\u00e1\u017eou dokonce konkurovat n\u011bkter\u00fdm tradi\u010dn\u00edm n\u011bmeck\u00fdm m\u00e9di\u00edm. RT DE a informa\u010dn\u00ed agentura Sputnik (ned\u00e1vno v\u00a0N\u011bmecku p\u0159ejmenovan\u00e1 v\u00a0SNA) po celou dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed pandemie pravideln\u011b nat\u00e1\u010dely rozhovory s\u00a0protestuj\u00edc\u00edmi a dal\u0161\u00edmi margin\u00e1ly. Tato strategie<\/a> umo\u017e\u0148uje kremelsk\u00fdm m\u00e9di\u00edm debatovat o\u00a0COVIDu-19 s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee samy jako by z\u016fst\u00e1valy stranou jako neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia a pod\u00e1valy vedlej\u0161\u00ed hlasy jako neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed experty. Uk\u00e1zky podobn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu dok\u00e1\u017eeme naj\u00edt ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch, kde tato m\u00e9dia p\u016fsob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dosahu t\u011bchto zpr\u00e1v byly pou\u017eity n\u00e1stroje pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou analyzovat \u010dl\u00e1nky s\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdmi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi slovy na vybran\u00fdch webech, kdy se m\u011b\u0159ilo, jak aktivn\u011b oslovuj\u00ed u\u017eivatele, proto\u017ee zachytit v\u0161echna kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k\u00a0t\u00e9matu je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 slovo \u201eprotikarant\u00e9na\u201c (anglicky anti-lockdown<\/em>) bylo pou\u017eito k\u00a0vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed web\u016f RT a Sputnik News.<\/p>\n

Za obdob\u00ed kv\u011bten 2020 a\u017e kv\u011bten 2021 bylo na RT.com nalezeno 71\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, z\u00a0\u010deho\u017e vyplynulo necel\u00fdch 100.000\u00a0interakc\u00ed. Seznam 10\u00a0nej\u010dten\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee RT informovala o\u00a0protestech proti izolaci v\u00a0Austr\u00e1lii, N\u011bmecku a Nizozemsku v\u00a0negativn\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010di, zejm\u00e9na pou\u017eila v\u00fdrazy jako \u201etot\u00e1ln\u00ed fa\u0161ismus\u201c.<\/p>\n

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Anal\u00fdza Buzzsumo s\u00a0vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm podle kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho slova \u201eprotikarant\u00e9na\u201c ukazuje, jak aktivn\u011b medi\u00e1ln\u00ed kan\u00e1l RT informoval o\u00a0protestech proti karant\u00e9n\u011b. V\u0161echny \u010dl\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 toto m\u00e9dium napsalo, obsahovaly tvrdou kritiku izola\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed. (Buzzsumo)<\/em><\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fd trend byl zaznamen\u00e1n i u\u00a0Sputnik News, kter\u00fd b\u011bhem zhruba stejn\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed zve\u0159ejnil 58\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a z\u00edskal p\u0159es 3.000\u00a0interakc\u00ed. Rozbor 10\u00a0nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f uk\u00e1zal informov\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0protestech proti karant\u00e9n\u011b v\u00a0N\u011bmecku, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii a USA.<\/p>\n

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Anal\u00fdza Buzzsumo s\u00a0vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm podle kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho slova \u201eprotikarant\u00e9na\u201c ukazuje, jak aktivn\u011b medi\u00e1ln\u00ed kan\u00e1l Sputnik News informoval o\u00a0protestech proti karant\u00e9n\u011b. V\u0161echny \u010dl\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 toto m\u00e9dium napsalo, obsahovaly tvrdou kritiku izola\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed. (Buzzsumo)<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u0159ich\u00e1zely zpr\u00e1vy tak\u00e9 o\u00a0uk\u00e1zk\u00e1ch<\/a> prokremelsk\u00fdch margin\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed \u0161iroce informuj\u00edc\u00edch o\u00a0protestech proti karant\u00e9n\u011b. Jednou z\u00a0podobn\u00fdch uk\u00e1zek je tzv. alternativn\u00ed m\u00e9dium Rubikon, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159idru\u017eeno k\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edm ve vlastnictv\u00ed Kremlu. Redakto\u0159i RT jsou \u010dleny poradn\u00edho sboru Rubikonu a n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky od redaktor\u016f RT pravideln\u011b vych\u00e1zej\u00ed na webu Rubikon.<\/p>\n

Profily kremelsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch<\/h2>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fd rozsah interakce, kter\u00e9ho dok\u00e1\u017eou kremelsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia dos\u00e1hnout, m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bt po vyhodnocen\u00ed interakce na Facebooku. Anal\u00fdza CrowdTangle (n\u00e1stroj pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed za platform\u011b Facebooku) uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee publikace RT na Facebooku ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, N\u011bmecku a USA informuj\u00edc\u00ed o\u00a0protestech proti karant\u00e9n\u011b m\u011bly tis\u00edce interakc\u00ed na Facebooku.<\/p>\n

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Uk\u00e1zky nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch RT publikac\u00ed na Facebooku. Dle anal\u00fdzy n\u00e1strojem CrowdTangle p\u0159il\u00e1kaly n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nej\u010dten\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f p\u0159es 23.000\u00a0u\u017eivatel\u016f Facebooku. (CrowdTangle)<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina zpr\u00e1v kritizuje postup policie, kter\u00e1 tyto protesty omezuje, nebo kritizuje celkov\u00e1 karant\u00e9nn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Rozbor koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f d\u00e1le ukazuje, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina u\u017eivatel\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed tyto koment\u00e1\u0159e p\u00ed\u0161ou, karant\u00e9nn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed kritizuje a RT vn\u00edm\u00e1 jako neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dium nebo jako protiv\u00e1hu p\u0159edn\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed. Dokonce i ty zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 jsou informa\u010dn\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, st\u00e1le l\u00e1kaj\u00ed facebookov\u00e9 u\u017eivatele kritizuj\u00edc\u00ed karant\u00e9nn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prokremelsk\u00e9 profily na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch<\/h2>\n

Nakonec stejn\u011b jako ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b informa\u010dn\u00edch kampan\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed prokremelsk\u00fdch narativ\u016f prokremelsk\u00e9 profily na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Po dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta se mezi majiteli profil\u016f najde spousta troll\u016f, bot\u016f nebo \u201eu\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch idiot\u016f\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy lij\u00edc\u00ed vodu na kremelsk\u00fd ml\u00fdn. Kvalitn\u00ed uk\u00e1zkou tohoto chov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou twitterov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty @inhoclocu2 a @madogs93, jejich\u017e spr\u00e1vci ji\u017e dostali na Twitteru ban.<\/p>\n

@inhoclocu2 aktivn\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159il prokremelsk\u00e9 narativy v\u00a0letech 2017 a 2019, v\u00a0roce 2021 tento \u00fa\u010det roz\u0161i\u0159oval l\u017eiv\u00e9 informace o\u00a0koronaviru. Tento profil byl p\u0159isti\u017een, jak \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na Twitteru zpr\u00e1vu zpochyb\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enost koronavirov\u00e9 pandemie.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ich\u00e1zely zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee twitterov\u00fd u\u017eivatel @inhoclocus2 zve\u0159ej\u0148oval prokremelsk\u00e9 narativy v\u00a0letech 2017 a 2019, v\u00a0roce 2021 v\u0161ak p\u0159esko\u010dil na konspira\u010dn\u00ed teorie kolem koronaviru. (Twitter\/@nickreeves9876<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n

Bylo zaznamen\u00e1no, \u017ee @madogs93 sd\u00edl\u00ed tut\u00e9\u017e zpr\u00e1vu. Stejn\u011b jako @inhoclocu2 i tento \u00fa\u010det \u0161\u00ed\u0159il prokremelsk\u00e9 narativy v\u00a0letech 2016 a 2017. Jde jen o\u00a0malou uk\u00e1zku toho, jak tyto profily funguj\u00ed, i monitorovat podobn\u00e9 aktivity b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee je o\u00a0nich informov\u00e1no a jsou ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed odstra\u0148ov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

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U\u017eivatel Twitteru @madogs93 v\u00a0letech 2016 a 2017 zve\u0159ej\u0148oval prokremelsk\u00e9 narativy, v\u00a0roce 2021 v\u0161ak p\u0159esko\u010dil na konspira\u010dn\u00ed teorie kolem koronaviru. (Twitter\/@nickreeves9876<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e1 propagace skeptick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v o\u00a0covidu a protest\u016f proti karant\u00e9n\u011b velice p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1<\/a> propagaci shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a protest\u016f, kter\u00e9 zorganizovali a podpo\u0159ili ru\u0161t\u00ed komedianti p\u0159i volb\u00e1ch v\u00a0USA v\u00a0roce 2016.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0navozen\u00ed skepse v\u016f\u010di COVIDu-19 a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zpr\u00e1v o\u00a0protestech proti karant\u00e9n\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed platformy soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. Alternativn\u00ed m\u00e9dium KenFM \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 Kenem Jebsenem, kter\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed dezinformace v\u00a0n\u011bm\u010din\u011b a angli\u010dtin\u011b, v\u011bnuje velkou pozornost t\u00e9mat\u016fm se skeptick\u00fdm postojem v\u016f\u010di COVIDu-19. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se<\/a>, \u017ee toto vyd\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 vazby na Strategick\u00fd kulturn\u00ed fond (analytick\u00e9 centrum ve vlastnictv\u00ed Kremlu).<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem<\/h2>\n

M\u016f\u017eeme tedy konstatovat, \u017ee aktivity prokremelsk\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f p\u0159i\u017eivuj\u00ed protikarant\u00e9nn\u00ed a koronaskeptick\u00e9 narativy v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch EU a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Jak tomu \u010dasto b\u00fdv\u00e1, tyto prokremelsk\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k\u00a0vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zmatk\u016f a rozep\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00edch demokraci\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0dob\u011b sv\u011btov\u00e9 koronavirov\u00e9 pandemie. Tyto trendy jsou zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1padn\u00e9 na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, kde se zn\u00e1m\u00e9 prokremelsk\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly osv\u011bd\u010dily jako kritikov\u00e9 v\u00a0\u201ezaujat\u00e9m\u201c z\u00e1padn\u00edm informa\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eeme sledovat tak\u00e9 stopy tajn\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch operac\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, kde boti a trollov\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se jako skute\u010dn\u00ed lid\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed narativy koronaskeptik\u016f.<\/p>\n

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\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k\u00a0t\u00e9matu na InformNapalmu<\/h2>\n