{"id":9278,"date":"2021-06-07T20:12:13","date_gmt":"2021-06-07T20:12:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=9278"},"modified":"2021-06-09T20:17:48","modified_gmt":"2021-06-09T20:17:48","slug":"zelenskyj-prodlouzil-sankce-proti-yandexu-spolecnost-pojmenovala-svou-neuronovou-sit-zeliboba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/zelenskyj-prodlouzil-sankce-proti-yandexu-spolecnost-pojmenovala-svou-neuronovou-sit-zeliboba\/","title":{"rendered":"Zelenskyj prodlou\u017eil sankce proti Yandexu, spole\u010dnost pojmenovala svou neuronovou s\u00ed\u0165 Zeliboba"},"content":{"rendered":"

21. kv\u011btna 2021 prezident Ukrajiny Volodymyr Zelenskyj uvedl do \u00fa\u010dinnosti rozhodnut\u00ed o dal\u0161\u00edch sankc\u00edch proti 138 spole\u010dnostem, kter\u00e9 schv\u00e1lila 14. kv\u011btna Rada pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a obranu (RNBO). Na sank\u010dn\u00ed listinu se op\u011bt dostala rusk\u00e1 IT spole\u010dnost Yandex, rusk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia a televizn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n

Dobrovoln\u00edci z\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komunity InformNapalm zaregistrovali, \u017ee 4.\u00a0\u010dervna, p\u0159esn\u011b dva t\u00fddny po t\u00e9to zpr\u00e1v\u011b, rusk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia informovala, \u017ee Yandex spustil novou um\u011blou neuronovou s\u00ed\u0165<\/a> pro automatick\u00e9 generov\u00e1n\u00ed text\u016f, kterou pojmenoval Zeliboba. O\u00a0p\u016fldruh\u00e9 hodiny pozd\u011bji tuto s\u00ed\u0165 do\u010dasn\u011b znep\u0159\u00edstupnili sami v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va \u00fadajn\u011b vy\u0161la p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b. Tento p\u0159e\u0161lap m\u016f\u017eeme sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem pova\u017eovat za jak\u00e9si trollov\u00e1n\u00ed ze strany p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 IT korporace. Nebezpe\u010dnost t\u00e9to neuronov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b v\u0161ak nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 a\u017e tolik v\u00a0trollov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako v\u00a0tom, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b pos\u00edlit rusk\u00e9 troll\u00ed farmy a st\u00e1t se n\u00e1strojem k\u00a0ne\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9mu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rusk\u00fdch fake news.<\/p>\n

Tato neuronov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 u\u017e dok\u00e1\u017ee dosadit do v\u011bty dal\u0161\u00ed slovo a d\u00edky tomu ps\u00e1t krat\u0161\u00ed texty na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u011bkolika v\u00fdraz\u016f zadan\u00fdch u\u017eivatelem. Jazykov\u00fd model, na n\u011bm\u017e Zeliboba stav\u00ed, se u\u010d\u00ed z\u00a0n\u011bkolika terabajt\u016f text\u016f v\u00a0ru\u0161tin\u011b, zejm\u00e9na z\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f na rusk\u00e9 Wikipedii, zpravodajstv\u00ed a status\u016f na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Na s\u00edti se ji\u017e objevily screenshoty od u\u017eivatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed si tuto neuronovou s\u00ed\u0165 automaticky generuj\u00edc\u00ed text hned od prvn\u00ed v\u011bty sta\u010dili vyzkou\u0161et:<\/p>\n

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Z\u00a0u\u017eivatelem zadan\u00e9ho textu \u201e\u0160ljopa nep\u00e1chal v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny\u201c aplikace vygenerovala: \u201e\u0160ljopa nep\u00e1chal v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny, ale jen plnil rozkaz. Byl p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkem n\u011bmeck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a nezab\u00edjel zajatce ani civilisty.\u201c<\/h5>\n

Dovol\u00edme si p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee 16.\u00a0kv\u011btna 2017 p\u00e1t\u00fd ukrajinsk\u00fd prezident Petro Poro\u0161enko poprv\u00e9 uvedl do \u00fa\u010dinnosti rozhodnut\u00ed RNBO proti spole\u010dnosti Yandex s\u00a0platnost\u00ed na 3\u00a0roky. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed bylo vy\u00fast\u011bn\u00edm snah \u010d\u00e1sti ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti<\/a>, kter\u00e1 po\u017eadovala uvalen\u00ed sankc\u00ed na IT korporaci Yandex a na rusk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b kv\u016fli ohro\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti Ukrajiny. O\u00a0rok pozd\u011bji bylo zpracov\u00e1no p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed dopad\u016f<\/a> tohoto rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 technologie neuronov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed a jej\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky<\/h2>\n

Technologie, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou dokon\u010dovat text s\u00a0ohledem na kontext, se testovaly ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. V\u00a0roce 2017 vyvinuli v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci od Googlu architekturu um\u011bl\u00e9 neuronov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b Transformer. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Transformer architekturu z\u00a0rodiny neuros\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch model\u016f GPT vyvinula spole\u010dnost Elona Muska OpenAI. V\u00a0roce 2019 vypracovala OpenAI algoritmus GPT-2, kter\u00fd generoval n\u00e1m\u011bty se smyslupln\u00fdm textem na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u00e1r n\u00e1vrh\u016f. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i neuronovou s\u00ed\u0165 otestovali a zjistili, \u017ee je schopna generovat velk\u00e1 penza v\u011brohodn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch fake news, pln\u00e1 verze proto kv\u016fli potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm rizik\u016fm nebyla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna.<\/p>\n

Ru\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i se podle v\u0161eho rozhodli t\u011bchto zku\u0161enost\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt. Rusk\u00e1 neuronov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 od Yandexu bude patrn\u011b vyu\u017eita i k\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lce, zejm\u00e9na pro pos\u00edlen\u00ed troll\u00edch farem a tov\u00e1ren, jim\u017e tyto n\u00e1stroje umo\u017en\u00ed sv\u00e9 aktivity zmnohon\u00e1sobit a generovat fake news.<\/p>\n

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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto k\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku: Michail Metcel\u00a0\/ TASS: \u201eSpoluzakladatel Yandexu Arkadij Volo\u017e se netaj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee nov\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti koordinoval s\u00a0kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed prezidenta RF Vladimira Putina\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k\u00a0t\u00e9matu na InformNapalmu<\/h2>\n