{"id":9341,"date":"2021-07-02T16:05:10","date_gmt":"2021-07-02T16:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=9341"},"modified":"2021-07-05T16:11:47","modified_gmt":"2021-07-05T16:11:47","slug":"zbrane-vitezstvi-na-kyjevskem-namesti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/zbrane-vitezstvi-na-kyjevskem-namesti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eZbran\u011b v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed\u201c na kyjevsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mezi dal\u0161\u00edmi medi\u00e1ln\u00edmi ud\u00e1lostmi leto\u0161n\u00edho l\u00e9ta se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ztratilo zah\u00e1jen\u00ed pouli\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdstavy v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b Lend-lease\u00a0\u2013 zbran\u011b v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Co n\u00e1m tajila sov\u011btsk\u00e1 propaganda<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Akce za \u00fa\u010dasti autor\u016f a ve\u0159ejn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed se konala na Kontraktov\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed (Kontraktova plo\u0161\u010da) 22.\u00a0\u010dervna, k\u00a080.\u00a0v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tku n\u011bmecko-sov\u011btsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Organiz\u00e1to\u0159i ujistili, \u017ee prohl\u00e9dnout v\u00fdstavu bude mo\u017en\u00e9 a\u017e do podzimu.<\/p>\n

Na 20\u00a0v\u00fdstavn\u00edch stojanech se vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, jak z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci v\u00a0r\u00e1mci protihitlerovsk\u00e9 koalice, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, dod\u00e1vali v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k\u00a0tomu, aby Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da mohla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b bojovat proti nacist\u016fm. Auto\u0159i expozice zd\u016fraznili n\u011bkolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch str\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n

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Za prv\u00e9<\/strong>, Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz si jen sotva zaslou\u017eil n\u011bjakou mor\u00e1ln\u00ed, hmotnou nebo vojenskou podporu ze strany Z\u00e1padu po dvoulet\u00e9 \u00fazk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci mezi Stalinem a Hitlerem. Ji\u017e za prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1lky, kter\u00e1, p\u0159ipome\u0148me, trvala od podzimu 1939, se Brit\u00e1nie sna\u017eila n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho agresora vy\u010derpat n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou blok\u00e1dou. N\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho fungovalo v\u00a0minul\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lce, Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9. Tentokr\u00e1t v\u0161ak komunist\u00e9 N\u011bmc\u016fm hodn\u011b vypomohli dod\u00e1vkami v\u0161eho pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho k\u00a0dobyt\u00ed Evropy. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si sami, jak\u00e9 typy a rozsah strategick\u00fdch komodit dod\u00e1val Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz do T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n

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Za druh\u00e9<\/strong>, debakl, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobil Wehrmacht Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b v\u00a0roce 1941, byl tak tot\u00e1ln\u00ed a zdrcuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161anc\u00ed na odpor bez okam\u017eit\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed pomoci z\u016fst\u00e1valo jen m\u00e1lo. P\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou byla Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da dob\u0159e vyzbrojena, p\u0159i \u00fastupu v\u0161ak ztratila a opustila t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161e: tanky, letadla a sklady. Tov\u00e1rny evakuovan\u00e9 do vnitrozem\u00ed nebyly hned schopny obnovit plnou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacitu. V\u00a0\u00fanoru 1942 velitel Z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronty Georgij \u017dukov hl\u00e1sil Stalinovi, \u017ee na ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u011blo zb\u00fdv\u00e1 jen p\u00e1r st\u0159el. Lend-lease tedy p\u0159inesl z\u00e1chranu v\u00a0nejkriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm okam\u017eiku v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n

Za t\u0159et\u00ed<\/strong>, z\u00e1padn\u00ed pomoc nebyla \u201ebyznysem\u201c ani obchodn\u00edm partnerstv\u00edm, jak to pod\u00e1v\u00e1 dne\u0161n\u00ed rusk\u00e1 propaganda. Spojenci nevyd\u011bl\u00e1vali, ale skute\u010dn\u011b vyd\u00e1vali to posledn\u00ed. D\u00e1vali sov\u011btsk\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm v\u011bci, jich\u017e tehdy m\u011bli sami nedostatek. Do SSSR bylo odesl\u00e1no 25\u00a0%\u00a0z\u00a0celkov\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed vep\u0159ov\u00e9ho masa vyroben\u00e9ho v\u00a0USA. Pro americkou arm\u00e1du ho zb\u00fdvalo jen 14\u00a0%. Toto v\u0161e se dopravovalo s\u00a0obrovsk\u00fdm rizikem pro vlastn\u00ed \u017eivoty. Na v\u00fdstav\u011b se m\u016f\u017eeme do\u010d\u00edst, jak Stalin smlouval a po\u017eadoval v\u00edc, ne\u017e mu byli Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 a Britov\u00e9 schopni dodat. Do\u010dteme se tak\u00e9 o\u00a0trag\u00e9dii konvoje PQ-17, kter\u00fd zahynul ve studen\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch Ledov\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, kdy\u017e se sna\u017eil dopravit zbran\u011b rud\u00e9mu spojenci.<\/p>\n

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Za \u010dtvrt\u00e9<\/strong>, lend-lease zacp\u00e1val ty nejkriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mezery sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. Mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1vali Ameri\u010dan\u00e9, se v\u00a0SSSR v\u016fbec nevyr\u00e1b\u011bly. Nejde jen o\u00a0ter\u00e9nn\u00ed jeepy Willis, n\u00e1kla\u010f\u00e1ky Studebaker nebo legend\u00e1rn\u00ed st\u00edha\u010dky Airacobra. T\u0159eba lendleasov\u00e9 l\u00e9ky nebo komunika\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky pokr\u00fdvaly a\u017e 80\u00a0% z\u00a0cel\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 pot\u0159eby. Do z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1945 na vojensk\u00e9 a hmotn\u00e9 pomoci v\u00a0r\u00e1mci lend-leasu p\u0159ijal Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz miliony tun potravin. Ty by sta\u010dily nakrmit celou Rudou arm\u00e1du po dobu 4,5\u00a0roku. V\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dostech o\u00a0dod\u00e1vky v\u00a0\u010dervenci 1943 potraviny vytla\u010dily kovy nebo dokonce n\u011bkter\u00e9 typy zbran\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Za p\u00e1t\u00e9<\/strong> je faktem, \u017ee Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz, resp. dne\u0161n\u00ed Rusk\u00e1 federace se zachovala naprosto nevd\u011b\u010dn\u011b. Rozsah z\u00e1padn\u00ed pomoci se skr\u00fdval a podhodnocoval. Do\u0161lo a\u017e na anekdotick\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed lend-leasu s\u00a0pomoc\u00ed od Mongolska. Motivace spojenc\u016f se znehodnocovala a jejich ob\u011bti se p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eely. Aby toho nebylo m\u00e1lo, Moskva nestydat\u011b zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tzv. protifa\u0161istick\u00e9 r\u00e9toriky proti demokratick\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm EU a NATO. Velk\u00fdm kontrastem v\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti je nov\u00e1 tradice p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad nacismem, kter\u00e1 zdom\u00e1cn\u011bla v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b. S\u00a0poklidn\u00fdm uct\u011bn\u00edm pam\u00e1tky v\u0161ech v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed, respektem ke spojenc\u016fm a jejich p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem v\u00fdstava vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee duch a tradice lend-leasu p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes. Tentokr\u00e1t jde o\u00a0up\u0159\u00edmnou pomoc od Z\u00e1padu pro Ukrajinu ve st\u0159etu s\u00a0ruskou agres\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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N\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo slov o\u00a0autorech. Inici\u00e1torkou, ideolo\u017ekou a hlavn\u00ed tv\u016frkyn\u00ed byla Valentyna Ochlopkovov\u00e1<\/a><\/strong>, p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho sdru\u017een\u00ed Sbor spravedlnosti. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu str\u00e1vila n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f v\u00a0\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edm filmov\u00e9m, fotografick\u00e9m a audio archivu H.\u00a0S.\u00a0P\u0161eny\u010dn\u00e9ho, nav\u00e1zala kontakt se z\u00e1padn\u00edmi v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky a jezdila na r\u016fzn\u00e1 m\u00edsta, aby vyfotila artefakty. Tak\u00e9 promyslela strukturu v\u00fdstavy a zpracovala koncepty text\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u011bcnou a technickou pomoc poskytl Ukrajinsk\u00fd \u00fastav pam\u011bti n\u00e1roda. Jeho pracovn\u00edk Maksym Majorov <\/strong>dokon\u010dil zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika \u00favodn\u00edch a z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fdch stojan\u016f. Samotn\u00e1 expozice byla rozm\u00edst\u011bna na v\u00fdstavn\u00edch konstrukc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 poskytl \u00fastav. U\u00daPN pomohl tak\u00e9 s\u00a0organizac\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 prezentace.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm odborn\u00edkem na vojenskopolitick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky byl v\u00a0autorsk\u00e9m kolektivu Rostyslav Pyljavec<\/strong>, docent katedry historie v\u00e1lek a vojensk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed univerzity obrany Ukrajiny. D\u00edky jemu mohli b\u00fdt ostatn\u00ed auto\u0159i v\u00a0klidu, \u017ee kvantitativn\u00ed \u00fadaje, technick\u00e1 terminologie apod. z\u016fstanou p\u0159esn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Atraktivn\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed pod\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdstavy je obrovskou z\u00e1sluhou design\u00e9ra Patrika Kassanelliho <\/strong>z\u00a0Charkova. Tento odvedl dost pr\u00e1ce zejm\u00e9na na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed profil\u016f obrn\u011bn\u00e9 techniky, automobil\u016f, letadel, lod\u00ed nebo ru\u010dn\u00edch zbran\u00ed. To v\u00fdstav\u011b dodalo dost um\u011bleck\u00e9 elegance a originality.<\/p>\n

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V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st pr\u00e1ce na v\u00fdstav\u011b byla odvedena v\u00a0r\u00e1mci dobrovolnictv\u00ed a partnerstv\u00ed. Hmotn\u00e9 investice v\u0161ak vy\u017eadoval tisk stojan\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed technick\u00e9 \u00fakoly. O\u00a0sponzorskou podporu Valentyna Ochlopkovov\u00e1 po\u017e\u00e1dala Jonase Ochmanase <\/strong>z\u00a0Litvy, jeho\u017e organizace Blue and Yellow u\u017e od roku 2014 aktivn\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 obr\u00e1nc\u016fm Ukrajiny na p\u0159edn\u00ed linii. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy do\u0161lo na Donbase ke zhor\u0161en\u00ed situace, tak\u017ee v\u0161echny zdroje Blue and Yellow m\u00ed\u0159ily do podpory ukrajinsk\u00fdch pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch a protiodst\u0159elova\u010dsk\u00fdch skupin na front\u011b. Navzdory n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 situaci se dobrovoln\u00edci z\u00a0Litvy rozhodli iniciativu podpo\u0159it. Z\u00a0jejich prost\u0159edk\u016f se poda\u0159ilo minim\u00e1ln\u011b pokr\u00fdt v\u00fddaje design\u00e9ra, kyjevsk\u00e1 tisk\u00e1rna ALT pak stojany vyrobila de facto za v\u00fdrobn\u00ed cenu.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je tato v\u00fdstava tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1?<\/h2>\n

Proto\u017ee pravda o\u00a0lend-leasu je o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm proti sov\u011btsk\u00e9 a rusk\u00e9 protiz\u00e1padn\u00ed propagand\u011b, p\u0159ed virem \u201ev\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9ho \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00fd v\u00a0Rusku z\u00edskal formu pandemie a st\u00e1le hroz\u00ed, \u017ee se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do zdrav\u00fdch demokratick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Lend-lease je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce, spojen\u00fdch snah o\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho c\u00edle. Je to lekce velkodu\u0161nosti a vd\u011b\u010dnosti. Jsme na\u0161im z\u00e1padn\u00edm spojenc\u016fm vd\u011b\u010dn\u00ed a v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee d\u00edky spole\u010dn\u00fdm snah\u00e1m putinovsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e potupn\u011b prohraje v\u00e1lku, kterou sama rozpoutala.<\/p>\n

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Toto shrnut\u00ed zpracovali dobrovoln\u00edci z\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komunity InformNapalm, publikace pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 fotografie od Sanji D\u017eanta<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k\u00a0t\u00e9matu na InformNapalmu<\/h2>\n