{"id":9458,"date":"2021-10-06T10:44:17","date_gmt":"2021-10-06T10:44:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=9458"},"modified":"2021-10-08T10:50:58","modified_gmt":"2021-10-08T10:50:58","slug":"ruske-informacne-psychologicke-operace-proti-ukrajine-a-nato-na-pozadi-cviceni-spojena-usili-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/ruske-informacne-psychologicke-operace-proti-ukrajine-a-nato-na-pozadi-cviceni-spojena-usili-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Rusk\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u011b psychologick\u00e9 operace proti Ukrajin\u011b a NATO na pozad\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed Spojen\u00e1 \u00fasil\u00ed 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ve dnech 22.\u00a0a\u017e 30.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se na \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajiny konalo strategick\u00e9 velitelsk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed Spojen\u00e1 \u00fasil\u00ed\u00a02021. T\u011bchto man\u00e9vr\u016f se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo na 12.500\u00a0voj\u00e1k\u016f a p\u0159es 600\u00a0ks zbran\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 techniky, zapojily se vojensk\u00e9 jednotky z\u00a015\u00a0st\u00e1t\u016f, z\u00a0toho 11\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f NATO a 4\u00a0partnersk\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e1 federace, kter\u00e1 od roku 2014 vede proti Ukrajin\u011b aktivn\u00ed hybridn\u00ed v\u00e1lku, v\u017edy v\u011bnuje podobn\u00fdm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm cvi\u010den\u00edm velkou pozornost. Tato pozornost se v\u011bt\u0161inou projevuje zv\u00fd\u0161enou intenzitou rusk\u00e9 propagandy, dezinformac\u00ed, vhazovan\u00fdch fake news a manipulac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Centrum strategick\u00fdch komunikac\u00ed a informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti <\/em>letos rozebralo<\/a> hlavn\u00ed sm\u011bry a narativy rusk\u00fdch dezinformac\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm proti \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho cvi\u010den\u00ed Spojen\u00e1 \u00fasil\u00ed\u00a02021, kdy vych\u00e1zelo z\u00a0dat od \u00da\u0159adu pro strategick\u00e9 komunikace Apar\u00e1tu vrchn\u00edho velitele Ozbrojen\u00fdch sil Ukrajiny.<\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u011b psychologick\u00e9 operace proti Ukrajin\u011b a NATO na pozad\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed Spojen\u00e1 \u00fasil\u00ed\u00a02021<\/h2>\n

\u201eJak kdo nad\u00e1v\u00e1, tak se mu m\u00e1 \u0159\u00edkat\u201c\u00a0\u2013 obl\u00edben\u00e1 d\u011btsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00edkanka Vladimira Putina, j\u00ed\u017e okomentoval v\u00fdrok \u201ePutin je zabij\u00e1k\u201c z\u00a0rozhovoru s\u00a0americk\u00fdm prezidentem Joem Bidenem. Vypad\u00e1 to, \u017ee nejde jen o\u00a0\u0159\u00edkanku, ale o\u00a0princip, jak funguje rusk\u00e1 propaganda. V\u00a0psychologii se tomuto stavu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 projekce, kdy \u010dlov\u011bk p\u0159isuzuje sv\u00e9 patologick\u00e9 behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti jin\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e1 propaganda funguje p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b dle stejn\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu, kdy vyr\u00e1b\u00ed fake news a obvin\u011bn\u00ed proti Ukrajin\u011b nebo jin\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, do nich\u017e prom\u00edt\u00e1 patologie vlastn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eMatrjo\u0161ka\u201c<\/h2>\n

Jako uk\u00e1zku podobn\u00fdch obvin\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme zm\u00ednit tzv. matrjo\u0161kov\u00e9 fake news, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1zely z\u00a0\u00fadajn\u00fdch \u201eunikl\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f man\u00e9vr\u016f\u201c. Rusov\u00e9 nejprve vyrobili hoax o\u00a0\u201etajn\u00fdch protokolech cvi\u010den\u00ed\u201c a ji\u017e na jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b pak vyprodukovali spoustu publikac\u00ed zobrazuj\u00edc\u00edch Ukrajinu jako \u201eagresorsk\u00fd st\u00e1t schopn\u00fd rozpoutat jadernou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku\u201c. U\u00a0toho nutn\u011b zazn\u00edvaly narativy o\u00a0provokac\u00edch za \u00fa\u010dasti civilist\u016f nebo s\u00a0p\u0159evl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00edm do jin\u00fdch uniforem (tzv. operace \u201epod ciz\u00ed vlajkou\u201c). Toto v\u0161e Rusko mimochodem u\u017e skute\u010dn\u011b uplatnilo ani ne pro cvi\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, ale v\u00a0r\u00e1mci vojensk\u00e9 operace na obsazen\u00ed a okupaci Krymu nebo p\u0159i rozpout\u00e1n\u00ed boj\u016f na v\u00fdchod\u011b Ukrajiny.<\/p>\n

\u201eOfenziva\u201c<\/h2>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed analytikov\u00e9 vy\u010dle\u0148uj\u00ed jako samostatn\u00fd narativ snahu rusk\u00e9 propagandy vyl\u00ed\u010dit Spojen\u00e1 \u00fasil\u00ed\u00a02021 jako n\u00e1cvik \u201eofenzivn\u00edch operac\u00ed\u201c. Propagandist\u00e9 \u017eongluj\u00ed s\u00a0vojensk\u00fdmi pojmy, kdy dok\u00e1\u017eou aktivn\u00ed obranu ozna\u010dit za \u201eofenzivn\u00ed obranu\u201c.<\/p>\n

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Screenshoty rusk\u00fdch publikac\u00ed na t\u00e9ma cvi\u010den\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed\u00a02021<\/em><\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se Ukrajina v\u016fbec nem\u00e1 za co omlouvat, proto\u017ee de facto je od roku 2014 pr\u00e1v\u011b Ukrajina objektem agrese RF, nikoli naopak, i \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 boje neprob\u00edhaj\u00ed na rusk\u00e9m, ale na ukrajinsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. O\u00a0\u201eagresivn\u00edch ofenzivn\u00edch akc\u00edch\u201c ze strany Ukrajiny tedy mohou Rusov\u00e9 vyk\u0159ikovat na sv\u00fdch propagandistick\u00fdch f\u00f3rech kolik cht\u011bj\u00ed, tato prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161ak tvrd\u011b nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed na re\u00e1lie t\u00e9to v\u00e1lky. Hlavn\u00ed je uv\u00e1d\u011bt konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady a tlumo\u010dit je na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch f\u00f3rech pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed obecenstvo, jako\u017e i pro obecenstvo vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 podl\u00e9h\u00e1 vliv\u016fm rusk\u00e9 propagandy.<\/p>\n

\u201eB\u011blorusko\u201c<\/h2>\n

Letos Rusov\u00e9 zneu\u017eili krizov\u00e9 politick\u00e9 situace v\u00a0B\u011blorusku a st\u00e1le aktivn\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tuto zemi k\u00a0sv\u00fdm informa\u010dn\u00edm operac\u00edm proti Ukrajin\u011b.<\/p>\n

Od l\u00e9ta 2020 doznala b\u011blorusk\u00e1 politika, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edt\u00edm udr\u017eovala zd\u00e1n\u00ed neutr\u00e1ln\u00edho stanoviska v\u016f\u010di rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9mu konfliktu, radik\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn. Z\u00a0obrazovek b\u011blorusk\u00fdch televizor\u016f zazn\u011bla d\u016fv\u011brn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 slova o\u00a0\u201ebanderovsk\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b\u201c oko\u0159en\u011bn\u00e1 nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi obr\u00e1zky a podivn\u00fdmi v\u00fdzvami \u201evr\u00e1tit se do rodiny\u201c. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem leto\u0161n\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed samozvan\u00fd prezident Luka\u0161enko vyhro\u017eoval \u201ep\u0159ekro\u010den\u00edm hranic\u201c a \u201eznovudobyt\u00edm Ukrajiny\u201c. Pr\u00fd \u201ejednou \u0161patn\u011b dopadnete\u201c. Pak koncem m\u011bs\u00edce hrozil \u201eotev\u0159en\u00edm ukrajinsk\u00e9 fronty\u201c spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0Putinem. S\u00a0odkazem na to, \u017ee USA \u00fadajn\u011b z\u0159izuj\u00ed v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny. V\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b v\u0161ak \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny nep\u016fsob\u00ed, zat\u00edmco v\u00a0B\u011blorusku v\u00fdrazn\u011b vzrostla rusk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost. Ukrajina neposkytla k\u00a0podobn\u00fdm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dnou z\u00e1minku, proto\u017ee nikdy B\u011blorusko neohrozila.<\/p>\n

Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee Luka\u0161enkova agresivn\u00ed r\u00e9torika v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0nar\u00e1\u017ekami na jak\u00e9si spole\u010dn\u00e9 akce s\u00a0Putinem v\u016f\u010di Ukrajin\u011b ve vojensk\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e musela nutn\u011b vzbudit znepokojen\u00ed a obavy.<\/p>\n

Vrchn\u00ed velitel Ozbrojen\u00fdch sil Ukrajiny gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edk Valerij Zalu\u017enyj mluvil o\u00a0hroz\u00edc\u00ed tot\u00e1ln\u00ed agresi z\u00a0rusk\u00e9 strany, zejm\u00e9na s\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm b\u011blorusk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. A tak\u00e9 o\u00a0tom, \u017ee mus\u00edme na to b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraveni.<\/p>\n

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\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9: Zn\u00e1mky hybridn\u00edch a informa\u010dn\u00edch provokac\u00ed na ukrajinsko-b\u011blorusk\u00fdch hranic\u00edch. Komu to prosp\u011bje?<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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\u201eEpidemie\u201c<\/h2>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm narativem, kter\u00fd analytikov\u00e9 vy\u010dle\u0148uj\u00ed a kter\u00fd se ji\u017e tradi\u010dn\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1strojem v\u00a0rukou propagandist\u016f, jsou dezinformace o\u00a0exploz\u00edch nemocnosti mezi voj\u00e1ky z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdmi na cvi\u010den\u00ed. Rusk\u00e1 propaganda vyr\u00e1b\u011bla fake news, \u017ee ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci v\u00a0dob\u011b cvi\u010den\u00ed \u00fadajn\u011b \u201ehromadn\u011b onemocn\u011bli COVIDem-19\u201c, ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady se to v\u0161ak \u00fadajn\u011b \u201esna\u017e\u00ed tutlat, aby se zavd\u011b\u010dily \u0161\u00e9f\u016fm od NATO\u201c.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e9 narativy proti ukrajinsk\u00fdm mari\u0148\u00e1k\u016fm uplatnili Rusov\u00e9 i za\u010d\u00e1tkem z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Toto t\u00e9ma rozeb\u00edrala mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dobrovolnick\u00e1 komunita InformNapalm podrobn\u011bji.<\/p>\n

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\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9: Rusk\u00e1 informa\u010dn\u011b psychologick\u00e1 operace proti ukrajinsk\u00fdm mari\u0148\u00e1k\u016fm. Ponau\u010den\u00ed pro informa\u010dn\u00ed odpor<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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\u201eT\u00e1bory\u201c<\/h2>\n

Auto\u0159i zpr\u00e1vy vy\u010dle\u0148uj\u00ed tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed rusk\u00fd narativ, kter\u00fd se pravideln\u011b produkuje rok od roku kv\u016fli zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatel okupovan\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. Jde o\u00a0narativ o\u00a0\u201efiltra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1borech\u201c a o\u00a0\u201e\u017eiv\u00e9m \u0161t\u00edtu z\u00a0civilist\u016f\u201c.
\nK\u00a0p\u0159i\u017eiven\u00ed tohoto hoaxu pou\u017eili ru\u0161t\u00ed propagandist\u00e9 epizodu z\u00a0cvi\u010den\u00ed Spojen\u00e1 \u00fasil\u00ed\u00a02021, kdy se m\u011bl podle popisu nacvi\u010dovat sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 odblokov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu vojensk\u00e9ho konvoje, kter\u00fd \u00fadajn\u011b obkl\u00ed\u010dili civilist\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Vlastn\u011b jak p\u0159i dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fdch objekt\u016f na Krymu, tak v\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch boj\u00edch na Donbase pr\u00e1v\u011b ru\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci a tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby zneu\u017e\u00edvaly prorusky sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00edch civilist\u016f nebo p\u0159estrojen\u00fdch do civilu rusk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Za z\u00e1dy t\u011bchto lid\u00ed se schov\u00e1vali ru\u0161t\u00ed odst\u0159elova\u010di nebo se uplat\u0148ovaly dal\u0161\u00ed hybridn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e. Vlastn\u011b s\u00e1m Vladimir Putin se v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 2014 novin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm pod\u0159ekl<\/a>, \u017ee ve vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00edch proti Ukrajin\u011b pl\u00e1nuje pou\u017e\u00edvat taktiku \u201e\u017eiv\u00fdch \u0161t\u00edt\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed Spojen\u00e1 \u00fasil\u00ed\u00a02021 umo\u017enila op\u011bt shrnout pr\u016f\u0159ez narativy a zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edmi informa\u010dn\u011b psychologick\u00fdch operac\u00ed RF. Ve sv\u00fdch obvin\u011bn\u00edch v\u016f\u010di Ukrajin\u011b rusk\u00e1 propaganda jako by zrcadlila postupy a hybridn\u00ed kroky samotn\u00e9 Rusk\u00e9 federace, kter\u00e9 tato ji\u017e nejednou uplatnila ve v\u00e1lce, sna\u017e\u00ed se v\u0161ak odv\u00e9st pozornost c\u00edlov\u00e9ho obecenstva na nov\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1minky. Sna\u017e\u00ed se vygenerovat alternativn\u00ed realitu, p\u0159im\u011bt lidi, aby na skute\u010dn\u00e1 fakta agrese zapomn\u011bli a pono\u0159ili se do sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011bta, kde jako agresor u\u017e nen\u00ed vyl\u00ed\u010dena RF, ale Ukrajina, kde \u201e\u017eiv\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edty\u201c \u00fadajn\u011b nepraktikuj\u00ed ru\u0161t\u00ed, ale ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, kde se dokonce najde m\u00edsto pro fake news kolem pandemie COVIDu-19 a manipulace kolem B\u011blorusk\u00e9 republiky, kterou se sna\u017e\u00ed do t\u00e9to v\u00e1lky tak\u00e9 zat\u00e1hnout. Porozum\u011bt t\u011bmto mechanism\u016fm a typick\u00fdm rusk\u00fdm narativ\u016fm je jako informa\u010dn\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017en\u00ed rychle odhalit podobn\u00e9 infoviry a zne\u0161kodnit je d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e zako\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0masov\u00e9m pov\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9: InformNapalm a Ukrajinsk\u00fd t\u00fdden vydaly p\u0159ehled s\u00a0uk\u00e1zkami akc\u00ed rusk\u00e9 propagandy<\/a> (FOTO)<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u010ct\u011bte p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k\u00a0t\u00e9matu na InformNapalmu<\/h2>\n