{"id":9884,"date":"2022-09-03T10:19:15","date_gmt":"2022-09-03T10:19:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=9884"},"modified":"2022-09-21T21:05:38","modified_gmt":"2022-09-21T21:05:38","slug":"3-okupacni-armadni-sbor-ruske-federace-v-ukrajine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/3-okupacni-armadni-sbor-ruske-federace-v-ukrajine\/","title":{"rendered":"3. okupa\u010dn\u00ed arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor Rusk\u00e9 federace v Ukrajin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zpravodajsk\u00e9 relace st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji zmi\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0Rusku vznik\u00e1 nov\u00fd arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor kv\u016fli v\u00e1lce s\u00a0Ukrajinou. V\u011bt\u0161ina koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f a debat kolem 3.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru se omezuje na to, zda m\u00e1 Kreml zdroje umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed pokra\u010dovat ve v\u00e1lce, na vlastn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy \u010di selh\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho sboru, jeho bojeschopnost, dobu p\u0159esunu do Ukrajiny a geografii nasazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Naopak neobjasn\u011bna z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, kde se vlastn\u011b bude nach\u00e1zet sborov\u00e9 velitelstv\u00ed a st\u00e1l\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny \u00fatvar\u016f \u010di svazk\u016f 3.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru? Pobl\u00ed\u017e Moskvy? V\u00a0Povol\u017e\u00ed? Na Donu?<\/p>\n

P\u016fsob\u00ed to dojmem, \u017ee 3.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor nen\u00ed pouhou dal\u0161\u00ed formac\u00ed Ozbrojen\u00fdch sil RF, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b formac\u00ed okupa\u010dn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 za \u00fa\u010delem st\u00e1l\u00e9ho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed a \u201ezabydlen\u00ed\u201c na nov\u011b okupovan\u00e9m ukrajinsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. N\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho jako 1.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor v\u00a0okupovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Don\u011bck\u00e9 oblasti a 2.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor v\u00a0okupovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Luhansk\u00e9 oblasti<\/a>, kter\u00e9 vznikly na pomez\u00ed 2014\/2015.<\/p>\n

Je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1zi usiluje Kreml o\u00a0tzv. zmrazen\u00ed v\u00e1lky na Jihu a formalizaci nov\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed Chersonska a Azovsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by \u00fatvary 58. a 49.\u00a0arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00e9 tu dnes v\u00e1l\u010d\u00ed, se m\u011bly vr\u00e1tit \u201edom\u016f\u201c na Severn\u00ed Kavkaz a 22.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru na okupovan\u00fd Krym. Jako n\u00e1hrada za n\u011b by se m\u011bla z\u0159\u00eddit a ponechat nov\u00e1 formace. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento \u00fa\u010del by mohl plnit p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00fd 3.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor.
\nZkusme zrekapitulovat, jak to Rusko \u0159e\u0161ilo p\u0159edt\u00edm.<\/p>\n

PODN\u011aST\u0158\u00cd<\/h2>\n

Ji\u017e od sov\u011btsk\u00fdch dob s\u00eddlilo v\u00a0Tiraspolu velitelstv\u00ed 14.\u00a0arm\u00e1dy a 59.\u00a0motost\u0159eleck\u00e1 divize, kter\u00e1 do n\u00ed pat\u0159ila. V\u00a0dubnu 1992 (je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0dob\u011b vrchol\u00edc\u00edho podn\u011bstersk\u00e9ho konfliktu) vyhl\u00e1silo Rusko svou jurisdikci nad t\u011bmito vojsky. Tato pak hybridn\u011b zas\u00e1hla do v\u00e1lky s\u00a0Moldavskem na podn\u011bstersk\u00e9 stran\u011b, po uzav\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0\u010dervenci se pak voj\u00e1ci 14.\u00a0arm\u00e1dy us\u00eddlili v\u00a0Podn\u011bst\u0159\u00ed jako \u201em\u00edrov\u00e9 sbory\u201c. V\u00a0roce 1995 byla 14.\u00a0arm\u00e1da zm\u011bn\u011bna v\u00a0Opera\u010dn\u00ed skupinu rusk\u00fdch vojsk v\u00a0Podn\u011bstersk\u00e9m regionu Moldavsk\u00e9 republiky. Tato zde z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes.<\/p>\n

\u010cE\u010cENSKO<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0dob\u011b Prvn\u00ed \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v\u00a0\u010dervnu 1995 z\u0159\u00eddili Rusov\u00e9 na leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u011b Chankala u\u00a0Grozn\u00e9ho, tehdy ji\u017e okupovan\u00e9ho, velitelstv\u00ed 58.\u00a0arm\u00e1dy, a to na p\u016fd\u011b 42.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru ze Severn\u00ed Osetie. Ze svazk\u016f a \u00fatvar\u016f nov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy se m\u011bl st\u00e1t st\u00e1l\u00fd okupa\u010dn\u00ed kontingent v\u00a0dobyt\u00e9 I\u010dkerii. Tuto v\u00e1lku v\u0161ak Rusko prohr\u00e1lo a muselo svou arm\u00e1du z\u00a0republiky st\u00e1hnout. Velitelstv\u00ed 58.\u00a0arm\u00e1dy se p\u0159est\u011bhovalo do Vladikavkazu, kde s\u00eddl\u00ed dodnes.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0prosinci 1999, ji\u017e za Druh\u00e9 \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, z\u0159\u00eddilo Rusko v\u00a0Chankale z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f po cel\u00e9 RF 42.\u00a0motost\u0159eleckou divizi 58.\u00a0arm\u00e1dy. 42.\u00a0motost\u0159eleck\u00e1 divize dodnes odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdznamnou roli jako okupa\u010dn\u00ed podpora Kadyrovova re\u017eimu. Dnes tato divize spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi formacemi 58.\u00a0arm\u00e1dy v\u00e1l\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b.<\/p>\n

CCHINVALSK\u00dd REGION (JI\u017dN\u00cd OSETIE)<\/h2>\n

Gruzie ztratila kontrolu nad v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Osetie ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1991, a od n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho roku byl v\u00a0tomto regionu na z\u00e1klad\u011b dohod nasazen men\u0161\u00ed gruz\u00ednsko-rusko-osetsk\u00fd m\u00edrov\u00fd kontingent. V\u00a0dob\u011b rusk\u00e9 invaze v\u00a0roce 2008 v\u00e1l\u010dily v\u00a0Cchinvali \u00fatvary 58.\u00a0arm\u00e1dy, zejm\u00e9na 19.\u00a0motost\u0159eleck\u00e1 divize ze Severn\u00ed Osetie. Po por\u00e1\u017ece Gruzie a diplomatick\u00e9m uzn\u00e1n\u00ed jihoosetsk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu ze strany Moskvy z\u016fstaly \u00fatvary 19.\u00a0motost\u0159eleck\u00e9 divize v\u00a0tomto regionu jako okupa\u010dn\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0roce 2009 vznikla na jejich p\u016fd\u011b 4.\u00a0rusk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna. Z\u00a0\u00fatvar\u016f 19.\u00a0divize, kter\u00e9 byly odsunuty do Severn\u00ed Osetie, vznikla 19.\u00a0samostatn\u00e1 motost\u0159eleck\u00e1 brig\u00e1da. V\u00a0roce 2020 byla tato brig\u00e1da op\u011bt roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena na 19.\u00a0motost\u0159eleckou divizi. Jak okupa\u010dn\u00ed 4.\u00a0vojensk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna v\u00a0Ji\u017en\u00ed Osetii, tak 19.\u00a0motost\u0159eleck\u00e1 divize ze Severn\u00ed Osetie dnes v\u00e1l\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b.<\/p>\n

ABCH\u00c1ZIE<\/h2>\n

Gruzie prohr\u00e1la svou prvn\u00ed v\u00e1lku v\u00a0Abch\u00e1zii na podzim 1993. Separatist\u016fm poskytovala hybridn\u00ed podporu jak regul\u00e9rn\u00ed rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, tak cel\u00e1 plej\u00e1da \u201edobrovoln\u00edk\u016f\u201c v\u0161eho druhu. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b kapitula\u010dn\u00edch dohod od roku 1994 hl\u00eddkovaly na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm pohrani\u010d\u00ed Abch\u00e1zie rusk\u00e9 m\u00edrov\u00e9 sbory, kter\u00e9 se pravideln\u011b st\u0159\u00eddaly. Kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou 2008 se jednalo o\u00a0t\u0159i prapory 131.\u00a0samostatn\u00e9 motost\u0159eleck\u00e9 brig\u00e1dy z\u00a0Majkopu. (Jednalo se o\u00a0tut\u00e9\u017e Majkopskou brig\u00e1du, kterou v\u00a0lednu 1995 rozdrtili \u010ce\u010denci v\u00a0ulic\u00edch Grozn\u00e9ho).<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dn\u011b se separatistick\u00fdmi formacemi se 131.\u00a0samostatn\u00e1 motost\u0159eleck\u00e1 brig\u00e1da z\u00fa\u010dastnila srpnov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky s\u00a0Gruzi\u00ed a v\u00a0roce 2009 byla p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bna v\u00a0okupa\u010dn\u00ed 7.\u00a0vojenskou z\u00e1kladnu. Dnes ru\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci z\u00a0okupovan\u00e9 Abch\u00e1zie v\u00e1l\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b.<\/p>\n

KRYM<\/h2>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b dohody z\u00a0roku 1997 byla na p\u016fd\u011b \u010cernomo\u0159sk\u00e9 flotily N\u00e1mo\u0159nictva SSSR v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b z\u0159\u00edzena \u010cernomo\u0159sk\u00e1 flotila RF. Formace rusk\u00e9 \u010cF na Krymu tvo\u0159ily velitelstv\u00ed flotily, lod\u011b i s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou infrastrukturou, brig\u00e1da n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchoty, dv\u011b leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny a je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco m\u00e1lo r\u016fzn\u00fdch jednotek pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch vojsk.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i z\u00e1boru Krymu p\u0159eb\u011bhla na ruskou stranu v\u011bt\u0161ina person\u00e1lu N\u00e1mo\u0159nictva Ukrajiny, zejm\u00e9na tak\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch vojsk. V\u00a0roce 2017 byl na b\u00e1zi star\u00fdch krymsk\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch vojsk \u010cF (krom\u011b n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchoty) a \u00fatvar\u016f nov\u011b vznikl\u00fdch, jako\u017e i z\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch zr\u00e1dc\u016f, z\u0159\u00edzen 22.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch vojsk \u010cernomo\u0159sk\u00e9 flotily RF. Ten dnes v\u00e1l\u010d\u00ed na ukrajinsk\u00e9 pevnin\u011b.<\/p>\n

DONBAS<\/h2>\n

V\u00e1lka na v\u00fdchod\u011b Ukrajiny byla ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku vysoce hybridn\u00ed. Proti vl\u00e1dn\u00edm jednotk\u00e1m Protiteroristick\u00e9 operace v\u00e1l\u010dily r\u016fznorod\u00e9 formace spl\u00e1can\u00e9 ze zr\u00e1dc\u016f z\u00a0ozbrojen\u00fdch sbor\u016f, m\u00edstn\u00edch ukrajinofob\u016f a p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch Rus\u016f: regul\u00e9rn\u00edch zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch jednotek, paramilit\u00e1rn\u00edch formac\u00ed (koz\u00e1ck\u00e9ho typu) a individu\u00e1ln\u00edch dobrodruh\u016f. Pozd\u011bji do boj\u016f st\u00e1le v\u00edce zasahovaly i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed regul\u00e9rn\u00ed jednotky rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. A\u017e do roku 2022 v\u0161ak Moskva svou roli pop\u00edrala a nem\u011bla s\u00a0tzv. DLR a LLR \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 form\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy.<\/p>\n

Proto byly okupa\u010dn\u00ed kontingenty z\u0159izov\u00e1ny z\u00a0\u201ehybridn\u00edho\u201c materi\u00e1lu stmelen\u00e9ho a pos\u00edlen\u00e9ho instruktory, specialisty a dal\u0161\u00edmi tren\u00e9ry z\u00a0profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed arm\u00e1dy RF. Na pomez\u00ed 2014\/2015 byl na p\u016fd\u011b tzv. Domobrany Donbasu z\u0159\u00edzen 1.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor tzv. DLR, na p\u016fd\u011b tzv. Arm\u00e1dy Jihov\u00fdchodu pak 2.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor tzv. LLR. N\u011bkter\u00e9 prapory byly roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny na pluky nebo brig\u00e1dy, n\u011bkter\u00e9 byly rozpu\u0161t\u011bny, deviantn\u00ed velitel\u00e9 byli zlikvidov\u00e1ni. Dnes jsou 1. a 2.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbory pln\u011b zabudov\u00e1ny do velic\u00ed vertik\u00e1ly Ozbrojen\u00fdch sil RF, i kdy\u017e jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za m\u00e9n\u011b kvalitn\u00ed ne\u017e skute\u010dn\u011b profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed odd\u00edly.<\/p>\n

\u2026JIH UKRAJINY<\/h2>\n

Nov\u00fd 3.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor vznik\u00e1 podle modelu \u010de\u010densk\u00e9ho, nikoli donbask\u00e9ho. M\u00e9dia zmi\u0148uj\u00ed novou 6.\u00a0motost\u0159eleckou divizi, 72.\u00a0samostatnou motost\u0159eleckou brig\u00e1du, vysoce v\u00fdkonnou 17.\u00a0d\u011blost\u0159eleckou brig\u00e1du, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro 3.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor. \u010c\u00edslo sboru by v\u0161ak mohlo nasv\u011bd\u010dovat rozv\u00edjen\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b \u201edonbask\u00e9ho\u201c t\u00e9matu vojensk\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed Ukrajiny.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed od v\u011bci ani n\u00e1zor koleg\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee k\u00a0udr\u017een\u00ed Chersonska a Azovsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed jeden sbor nemus\u00ed sta\u010dit. K\u00a0tomu m\u00e1me okupovanou \u010d\u00e1st Charkovsk\u00e9 oblasti. Na druhou stranu Rusov\u00e9 nikomu nesl\u00edbili, \u017ee nevzniknou dal\u0161\u00ed 4., 5. a dal\u0161\u00ed okupa\u010dn\u00ed sbory.<\/p>\n

Zjevn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my ji\u017e se z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00edm 3.\u00a0arm\u00e1dn\u00edho sboru by v\u0161ak mohly zam\u00e1vat s\u00a0napoleonovsk\u00fdmi pl\u00e1ny rusk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

\n

Maksym Majorov<\/a>, expert z\u00a0Centry pro strategick\u00e9 komunikace a informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Na webu InformNapalm d\u00e1le \u010dt\u011bte<\/h2>\n