{"id":9909,"date":"2022-11-29T17:36:25","date_gmt":"2022-11-29T17:36:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/?p=9909"},"modified":"2023-01-02T17:40:39","modified_gmt":"2023-01-02T17:40:39","slug":"15-ukrajinskych-ridicu-pouzivanim-ruskych-aplikaci-nevedomky-spicluje-pro-rf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/cz\/15-ukrajinskych-ridicu-pouzivanim-ruskych-aplikaci-nevedomky-spicluje-pro-rf\/","title":{"rendered":"15 % ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u0159idi\u010d\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm rusk\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed nev\u011bdomky \u201e\u0161picluje\u201c pro RF"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b lze st\u00e1le nainstalovat a p\u0159es VPN pou\u017e\u00edvat rusk\u00e9 aplikace 2-GIS a Yandex Mapy a Navig\u00e1tor kontrolovan\u00e9 vl\u00e1dou agresorsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u011bchto aplikac\u00ed rusk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da v\u00a0online re\u017eimu z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 informace o\u00a0situaci na ukrajinsk\u00fdch silnic\u00edch, o\u00a0pohybu vojensk\u00e9 techniky nebo dokonce o\u00a0vchodech a v\u00fdchodech kter\u00e9hokoli domu. \u017d\u00e1dnou arm\u00e1du \u0161peh\u016f k\u00a0tomu nepot\u0159ebuje, tyto informace toti\u017e shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed a p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed tis\u00edce ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u0159idi\u010d\u016f. 15\u00a0%, tedy ka\u017ed\u00fd sedm\u00fd \u0159idi\u010d v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 za j\u00edzdy rusk\u00e9 mobiln\u00ed navigace, uv\u00e1d\u00ed studie ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho sdru\u017een\u00ed Asociace odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch dopravc\u016f. Toto sdru\u017een\u00ed dopravc\u016f opakovan\u011b vyz\u00fdvalo Radu pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a obranu Ukrajiny, Ministerstvo vnitra \u010di SBU, aby byl jejich provoz na ukrajinsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed zablokov\u00e1n, zat\u00edm se v\u0161ak ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury nezmohly na nic v\u00edc ne\u017e na dopisy prodejc\u016fm mobiln\u00edch aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d tyto aplikace vlastn\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b rusk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da?<\/h2>\n

Navzdory sankc\u00edm a tot\u00e1ln\u00edmu vytla\u010den\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho byznysu z\u00a0Ukrajiny jsou rusk\u00e9 automobilov\u00e9 navigace 2-GIS<\/a> a Yandex Mapy a Navig\u00e1tor<\/a> st\u00e1le dostupn\u00e9 ke sta\u017een\u00ed a aktivn\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm VPN. Tyto aplikace z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed a mohou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et spoustu informac\u00ed o\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech v\u010detn\u011b objekt\u016f kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury, pohybech voj\u00e1k\u016f \u010di m\u00edstech shlukov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed. \u0158idi\u010d ani nemus\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee se z\u00a0n\u011bj stal \u0161peh, k\u00a0p\u0159enosu t\u011bchto informac\u00ed sta\u010d\u00ed pouze, aby kolem t\u011bchto objekt\u016f projel se zapnutou navigac\u00ed. Podle Asociace odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch dopravc\u016f nejv\u00edc rusk\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed maj\u00ed na sv\u00fdch telefonech nainstalov\u00e1no motorist\u00e9 v\u00a0Charkov\u011b, Od\u011bse \u010di Dnipru. Podobn\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f je tu 42 a\u017e 58\u00a0%.<\/p>\n

Vlastn\u00edci p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed sv\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 ko\u0159eny nijak nezast\u00edraj\u00ed. Z\u00a0App Store a Google Play na str\u00e1nce aplikace 2-GIS mapy a navigace offline se p\u0159ed \u010dasem dalo zjistit, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159em aplikace je spole\u010dnost Urbi Gulf FZ-LLC zapsan\u00e1 v\u00a0SAE. Dnes nen\u00ed ke sta\u017een\u00ed dostupn\u00e1, to v\u0161ak plat\u00ed jen v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b. V\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 podobn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed nejsou, stejn\u011b tak v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b se d\u00e1 p\u0159es VPN pou\u017e\u00edvat. V\u00a0Politice d\u016fv\u011brnosti, kter\u00e1 je ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00e1, stoj\u00ed, \u017ee osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 kypersk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost 2GIS LOCAL SEARCH LIMITED. Jej\u00edmi hlavn\u00edmi benefici\u00e1\u0159i jsou podle Asociace odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch dopravc\u016f rusk\u00fd ob\u010dan Alexandr Sysojev a rusk\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed banka Sberbank. Hlavn\u00ed s\u00eddlo spole\u010dnosti OOO\u00a0\u201eDublGis\u201c<\/a>, kter\u00e1 ud\u011bluje opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed k\u00a0bez\u00faplatn\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed 2-GIS, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u00a0rusk\u00e9m Novosibirsku. V\u00a0\u010dervnu 2020 72\u00a0%\u00a0akci\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 je v\u00fdrobcem aplikace, nabyla ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 Sberbank, dal\u0161\u00ed 3\u00a0%\u00a0akci\u00ed vlastn\u00ed OOO\u00a0\u201eO2O Cholding\u201c, spole\u010dn\u00fd podnik Sberbank a Mail.ru Group. Existuj\u00ed dokonce webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky https:\/\/2gis.ua\/kyiv<\/a>, kde se shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed informace o\u00a0um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed organizac\u00ed, v\u00fd\u0161ce budov a jejich vchodech a v\u00fdchodech<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky 2-GIS uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee st\u00e1le podnik\u00e1 v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b<\/em><\/p>\n

Yandex Mapy a Navig\u00e1tor je v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b ji\u017e d\u00e1vno zn\u00e1m\u00fd. Politika d\u016fv\u011brnosti uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee spr\u00e1vcem osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f je OOO\u00a0\u201eJandex\u201c zapsan\u00e1 v\u00a0RF. I tuto spole\u010dnost nep\u0159\u00edmo vlastn\u00ed Sberbank.<\/p>\n

Yandex a 2GIS jsou vedeny v\u00a0Rejst\u0159\u00edku organiz\u00e1tor\u016f \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed na s\u00edti Internet a na z\u00e1klad\u011b feder\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1kona RF \u201eO\u00a0informac\u00edch\u201c maj\u00ed povinnost nejen uchov\u00e1vat informace o\u00a0u\u017eivatel\u00edch a jejich registra\u010dn\u00ed \u00fadaje, ale tak\u00e9 ve\u0161ker\u00e1 z\u00edskan\u00e1 data na vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edat \u00fatvar\u016fm Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slu\u017eby (FSB) RF<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jakoukoli informaci, kterou navigace \u201euvid\u00ed\u201c, mohou ji\u017e n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo minut nato zkoumat voj\u00e1ci agresorsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 je to v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy rusk\u00e9 navigace pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dobrovoln\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed jezd\u00ed na p\u0159edn\u00ed linii, voj\u00e1ci nebo pracovn\u00edk kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury<\/strong>. Je\u0161t\u011b pal\u010div\u011bji vyvstala ot\u00e1zka podobn\u00fdch zpravodajsk\u00fdch informac\u00ed v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm sebedestruk\u010dn\u00edch dron\u016f z\u00a0rusk\u00e9 strany, kter\u00e9 se stejn\u011b jako navigace pohybuj\u00ed po p\u0159edem stanoven\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Co v\u00a0t\u00e9to situaci d\u011blat?<\/h2>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00fdch navigac\u00ed v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b je ot\u00e1zkou \u017eivota a bezpe\u010dnosti. Pravideln\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sebedestruk\u010dn\u00edch dron\u016f znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nep\u0159\u00edtel po\u0159\u00e1d vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00e9 c\u00edle a objekty pro z\u00e1sah, proto ho velice zaj\u00edm\u00e1, kter\u00e9 cesty \u010di mosty jsou vyt\u00ed\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kudy jezd\u00ed do pr\u00e1ce voj\u00e1k a kudy hlavn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr tepl\u00e1rny. Ot\u00e1zka neprodlen\u00e9ho ukon\u010den\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00fdch mobiln\u00edch \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00edch aplikac\u00ed je tedy ot\u00e1zkou bezpe\u010dnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho Ukrajince.<\/p>\n

Asociace odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch dopravc\u016f po\u017e\u00e1dala org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v\u00a0trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, aby situaci ovlivnily a provoz rusk\u00fdch agreg\u00e1tor\u016f v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b zak\u00e1zaly. A u\u010dinily ji\u017e druh\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00a0Rad\u011b pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a obranu. Reakce v\u0161ak zat\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1. Ministerstvo pro digit\u00e1ln\u00ed transformaci koncem z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Asociaci odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch dopravc\u016f informovalo, \u017ee po\u017e\u00e1dalo korporace Google a Apple, aby s\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00edm probl\u00e9mu pomohly a p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e9 mobiln\u00ed aplikace zak\u00e1zaly. Situace se v\u0161ak dosud nezm\u011bnila, 2-GIS a Yandex Mapy a Navig\u00e1tor jsou bez probl\u00e9m\u016f ke sta\u017een\u00ed a lze je prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm slu\u017eeb VPN pou\u017e\u00edvat. P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny pomysln\u00e9 pasivity \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f jsou jednak pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, jednak ryze technick\u00e9. V\u00a0praxi tedy probl\u00e9m dosud vy\u0159e\u0161en nebyl. Nap\u0159. rusk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, dokonce i ty, na n\u011b\u017e u\u017e byly uvaleny sankce, se jim aktivn\u011b vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed zapojov\u00e1n\u00edm zprost\u0159edkovatelsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob. Technicky, navzdory blokaci p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm server\u016fm, VPN slu\u017eby umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed omezen\u00ed obch\u00e1zet, \u010deho\u017e vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159es 15\u00a0%\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u0159idi\u010d\u016f, a\u0165 u\u017e v\u011bdom\u011b \u010di nikoliv.<\/p>\n

D\u016fvod takov\u00e9 v\u00a0podstat\u011b sebevra\u017eedn\u00e9 obliby rusk\u00fdch silni\u010dn\u00edch navigac\u00ed u\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u0159idi\u010d\u016f lze vysv\u011btlit jen \u0161patnou informovanost\u00ed a nech\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee podle jejich trasy na Yandexu m\u016f\u017ee z\u00edtra let\u011bt rusk\u00fd \u0160ah\u00edd.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b vl\u00e1dn\u00edch postup\u016f je tedy t\u0159eba l\u00e9pe informovat \u0159idi\u010de, co m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00fdch navigac\u00ed zp\u016fsobit. Taxislu\u017eby a kur\u00fdrn\u00ed slu\u017eby mohou k\u00a0tomuto procesu tak\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bt. T\u0159eba Uklon p\u0159i zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed objedn\u00e1vek p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0rusk\u00fdm aplikac\u00edm jako je Yandex, 2GIS, CityGuide nebo Navitel neumo\u017e\u0148uje. \u0158idi\u010d\u016fm spolupracuj\u00edc\u00edm s\u00a0Uklonem se tedy navrhuje sezn\u00e1mit se v\u00a0nastaven\u00edch Uklon Driver s\u00a0alternativn\u00edmi navigacemi nebo st\u00e1hnout si jejich obdobu.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b situace po\u017eadavky ze strany obchodn\u00edk\u016f nesta\u010d\u00ed, vy\u017eaduje to synergii snah st\u00e1tn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f a spole\u010dnosti. Ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed \u0159idi\u010di si mus\u00ed uv\u011bdomit riziko, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00fdch navigac\u00ed obn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, a zbavit se jich. Kdy\u017e se v\u011bt\u0161ina u\u017eivatel\u016f t\u011bchto program\u016f vzd\u00e1, umo\u017en\u00ed to minimalizovat \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed, a pos\u00edlit bezpe\u010dnost zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0t\u00e9matu d\u00e1le \u010dt\u011bte<\/h2>\n