{"id":5352,"date":"2015-09-16T13:51:51","date_gmt":"2015-09-16T13:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/?p=5352"},"modified":"2016-03-17T10:21:46","modified_gmt":"2016-03-17T10:21:46","slug":"war-in-syria-how-the-russian-navy-helps-bashar-assad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/war-in-syria-how-the-russian-navy-helps-bashar-assad\/","title":{"rendered":"War in Syria: How the Russian Navy helps Bashar Assad"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>The Syrian\u00a0government forces have relatively\u00a0successfully fought against several opponents (Syrian rebels, moderate\u00a0Islamists, Syrian Kurds and ISIS) for five years already. The territory controlled by Bashar al-Assad decreases each year, but the regime still preserves the power thanks largely to the economic and military support of the Russian Federation. The InformNapalm team decided to demonstrate\u00a0the traffic\u00a0statistics of\u00a0various Russian fleets&#8217;s warships in the Syrian port of Tartus. This article contains the results of the investigation of Anton Pavlushko, our OSINT-expert, who made an extensive analysis and prepared several tables with the times, periods, expeditions count and the list of the Russian Navy&#8217;s transport warships\u00a0involved into military cargoes deployment to Syria (direct link &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/VovaHelpingBasharEN\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/VovaHelpingBasharEN<\/a><\/strong><strong>).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One of the reasons of this long-running conflict is Assad&#8217;s regime&#8217;s &#8220;endless war reserves&#8221; which Russia\u00a0constantly refills both by air and by sea. The air traffic is limited nowadays, but the sea traffic remains a robust\u00a0life-line for Bashar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The main role in the military cargoes transfer to Syria<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>is played by Russia&#8217;s Black Sea Fleet<\/strong>\u00a0(the home base is located in Sevastopol, occupied Crimea, Ukraine).<\/p>\n<p>Theoretically, Russia could have established the military smuggling\u00a0to Syria with the help of\u00a0civil ships, but the first freight inspection would provoke an international scandal &#8211; that is why the Navy&#8217;s warships are used for the convoys. The traffic to the Syrian port goes through the\u00a0Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits.<\/p>\n<p>The warships cannot be revised and the\u00a0passing of the straits is the subject to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montreux_Convention_Regarding_the_Regime_of_the_Straits\">Montreux Convention<\/a>\u00a0from 1936 and requires only a notification of the Turkish authorities about the coming event.<\/p>\n<p>In this way, the Russian <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amphibious_transport_dock\">landing platform\/docks<\/a> (LPDs) are used for military equipment and troops transfer\u00a0to Syria. <strong>The Black Sea fleet<\/strong> has 7 LPDs as part of the 197th landing ship brigade.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=0&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"220\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>It is worth noting that the Ukrainian LPD &#8216;Konstantin Olshansky&#8217; (captured by the Russians during the annexation of Crimea) is located in Sevastopol, but Russia does not\u00a0venture to use it for cargoes transferring to Syria.<\/p>\n<p>As you can see from the table, they could\u00a0use only\u00a04-5 ships out of 7, so it was decided to\u00a0take\u00a0LPDs from other fleets to increase the traffic capacity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>North fleet\u00a0<\/strong>\u2014 4 Project 775 class LPDs<strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=2030410687&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"170\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Baltic fleet<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 4 Project 775 class LPDs<strong>:<\/strong><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=487237545&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"170\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pacific fleet<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 3\u00a0Project 775 class LPDs\u00a0and 1 Project 1171\u00a0class LPD:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=2060383328&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"170\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>*<em>The ships that has not taken part in cargoes transferring to Syria through the Bosphorus <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">are marked in red<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>These are the two main types of the landing ships (Project 775 and 1171):<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=1136142940&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"340\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The Project 1171 (started in 2004) had to reinforce the outdated Russian fleet with the new landing ships, but none of the ships of this class has been put in service due to poor funding.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Russian military authorities also planned to reinforce the fleet capacity by the latest Mistral-class multipurpose landing ships ordered in France. This kind of ships could transfer up to 70 military trucks OR 40 tanks and 450 troops and have the\u00a0displacement of 32000 tons which is several times greater than the Project 775\/1171 LPDs (up to 4400 tons). But the annexation of Crimea and the applied sanctions ruined the plan. Now Russia has to use the old vessels built in Soviet times.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We\u00a0took the Turkish\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/turkishnavy.net\" target=\"_blank\">Bosphorus Naval News<\/a>\u00a0site to analyze the traffic through the Bosphorus. It does not contain the full data, but the authors are sure they have processed 90-95% of the\u00a0warships traffic through the strait. The InformNapalm volunteers combined the data from 2013-2015 and split it by the fleets, ship types and passages\u00a0times.<\/p>\n<p>More than 300 passings the Bosphorus in both directions by the Russian warships were registered in 3 years. More than 50 different ships from all the Russian Navy&#8217;s fleets participated in that, including at least 14 out of 18 LPDs in service &#8211; 5\u00a0(Black Sea fleet), 4 (Baltic fleet), 3 (North fleet), 2 (Pacific fleet).<\/p>\n<p>The share of the landing ships among all the Russian warships passed\u00a0the Bosphorus was\u00a0more than 70% (229 of 303 passages).\u00a0The Black sea fleet&#8217;s LPDs\u00a0performed more than half of the passages, 20%\u00a0is\u00a0accounted for by LPDs of the Baltic fleet and around 10% by\u00a0the North fleet&#8217;s LPDs.<\/p>\n<p>The common route of the Russian LPDs:\u00a0Sevastopol (if ship belongs to the Black sea fleet) \u2014 Novorossiysk \u2014 Bosphorus \u2014 Dardanelles \u2014 Latakia\/Tartus.<\/p>\n<p>The main cargo loading is done in Novorossiysk.\u00a0Loading in Sevastopol requires cargo transferring to Crimea, which is rather difficult lately. So, the Russian ships have to make a detour from Sevastopol to Novorossiysk which extends an average\u00a0expedition time to Tartus by\u00a01 day. A typical expedition from Novorossiysk to Tartus takes 4 days.<\/p>\n<p>One trip to Syria and back takes around 10 days &#8211; such trips can be tracked in the traffic through the Bosphorus. Often the Black sea fleet&#8217;s LPDs travel in pair, pass the straits and return back to the Black sea in 8-13 days.<\/p>\n<p>Novorossiysk-Tartus trip\u00a0takes around 4 days (1512 sea miles or 2433 km), the\u00a0cargo is unloaded for several days and the ships sail home (the time spent is calculated with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.searates.com\/ru\/reference\/portdistance\/?B=12038&amp;E=23586&amp;\" target=\"_blank\">SeaRates<\/a>\u00a0service).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2015\/09\/InformNapalm_Syria_02_ENG.png\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5359 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2015\/09\/InformNapalm_Syria_02_ENG.png\" alt=\"InformNapalm_Syria_02_ENG\" width=\"3507\" height=\"2480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2015\/09\/InformNapalm_Syria_02_ENG.png 3507w, https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2015\/09\/InformNapalm_Syria_02_ENG-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2015\/09\/InformNapalm_Syria_02_ENG-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2015\/09\/InformNapalm_Syria_02_ENG-1024x724.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3507px) 100vw, 3507px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>As you can see from the statistic information and info-graphic, the sea traffic increases each year.\u00a0Presumably, there were more than 30 expeditions in 2013, and more than 45 in 2014. And they reached the level of 2014 already by September, 2015.<\/p>\n<p>The landing ships of the Baltic and North fleets are used in rotation of\u00a0Russia&#8217;s\u00a0Mediterranean Fleet (<a href=\"http:\/\/ria.ru\/defense_safety\/20150603\/1067919709.html\" target=\"_blank\">in Russian<\/a>), but, in fact,\u00a0ply between Novorossiysk and Tartus.<\/p>\n<p>The most frequent travelers to the Mediterranean are\u00a0the &#8216;Kaliningrad&#8217; LPD (10 times in 2014) and &#8216;Novocherkassk&#8217; LPD (9 trips in 2014 and 8 in 2015). The technical maintenance in Tartus is provided by 2 floating workshops of the Black Sea Fleet &#8211; PM-56 and PM-138 which swap each 6 months (<a href=\"http:\/\/blackseafleet-21.com\/news\/23-01-2015_plavmasterskaja-pm-56-chernomorskogo-flota-vernulas-v-sevastopol-iz-sredizemnogo-morja\">in Russian<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Thanks to the data of the\u00a0Bosphorus Naval News project, we can speak about more than 100 trips of the Russian LPDs to Syria in 3\u00a0incomplete\u00a0years.<\/p>\n<p>The information about the warship trips can also be found in the open VKontakte groups where wives\u00a0and servicemen\u00a0share the actual coordinates of the ships. The &#8216;Syrian&#8217; question arises there all the time.<\/p>\n<p>Besides that, the Tartus\u00a0port calls are covered in local media (in Kaliningrad, Sevastopol, Novorossiysk) and on the web sites of the\u00a0Russian News Agency TASS, RIA Novosti, etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>It is remarkable that the ships are fully loaded on the way to Tartus \u2014 the water-line is hardly seen on the pictures. But on the way to the Black sea it can easily be seen &#8211; the ships are empty.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We do not know much about the cargo, but starting from the summer of 2015 the Russian LPDs pass the Bosphorus with the military equipment on the upper deck. The tilt-covered or hidden under the\u00a0camouflage net equipment has been pictured by many news agencies. This way the world got\u00a0to know about &#8216;Nikolai Filchenkov&#8217; LPD. In general, it is pretty dangerous maneuver for a LPD, since it is a long trip in the open sea.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12634\" style=\"width: 863px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/img_1715.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12634\" class=\"wp-image-12634\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/img_1715.jpg\" alt=\"'Nikolai Filchenkov' LPD passes the Bosphorus on September 10, 2015. The cargo on the deck is covered. Photo by: Y\u00f6r\u00fck I\u015f\u0131k\" width=\"853\" height=\"396\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-12634\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>&#8216;Nikolai Filchenkov&#8217; LPD passes the Bosphorus on September 10, 2015. The cargo on the deck is covered. Photo by: <strong>Y\u00f6r\u00fck I\u015f\u0131k<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_12635\" style=\"width: 863px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/fil_04.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12635\" class=\"wp-image-12635\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/fil_04.jpg\" alt=\"'Nikolai Filchenkov' LPD passes the Bosphorus on September 10, 2015. The cargo on the deck is covered. Photo by: Alper B\u00f6ler\" width=\"853\" height=\"670\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-12635\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>&#8216;Nikolai Filchenkov&#8217; LPD passes the Bosphorus on September 10, 2015. The cargo on the deck is covered. Photo by: <strong>Alper B\u00f6ler<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The Project 1171 LPDs can <a href=\"http:\/\/turkishnavy.net\/2015\/08\/22\/update-the-cargo-on-russian-landing-ship-nikolay-filchenkov\/\">take cargo on the upper deck<\/a>, but it was weird when containers were placed on the upper deck of the Project 775 LPD, where is <a href=\"http:\/\/turkishnavy.net\/2015\/09\/05\/russian-warship-korolev-passed-through-istanbul-with-cargo-on-her-deck\/\">almost no free space<\/a>. It seems like Russians experience some kind of &#8216;logistics panic&#8217; these days. The deployment of the\u00a0military cargo to Syria is intensive now. It is likely that Bashar al-Assad&#8217;s army badly needs a reinforcement.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12637\" style=\"width: 863px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/fylya.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12637\" class=\"wp-image-12637\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/fylya.jpg\" alt=\"'Nikolai Filchenkov' LPD, Project 1171. Photo: turkishnavy.net\" width=\"853\" height=\"647\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-12637\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8216;Nikolai Filchenkov&#8217; LPD, Project 1171. Photo: turkishnavy.net<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_12636\" style=\"width: 860px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/net-mesta.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12636\" class=\"wp-image-12636\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/net-mesta.jpg\" alt=\"'Korolev' LPD, Project 775, passes the Bosphorus on September 3, 2015. Photo: turkishnavy.net\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-12636\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8216;Korolev&#8217; LPD, Project 775, passes the Bosphorus on September 3, 2015. Photo: turkishnavy.net<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Eventually, in the plain sight of the whole world Russia almost openly provides Assad&#8217;s regime with the weaponry. And lately the number of shipments increased.\u00a0In result, we have millions of refugees, hundreds of thousands of killed people and general unrest in this\u00a0oil producing region. But the world community\u00a0starts to see who\u00a0pours gasoline on a blaze of this war only now, 4 years\u00a0later.<\/p>\n<p>Even the hasteless European bureaucracy has started to take actions. And gradually Russia looses the possibility to transfer the cargoes by air, so the expeditions of the Russian LPDs\u00a0through the Bosphorus will increase.<\/p>\n<p>This way, while Russia&#8217;s economy experiences the pressure of sanctions for the Crimea occupation and the war in Donbas, the Russian Federation authorities spend billions of rubles on the Bashar Assad&#8217;s regime support. Having stuck in one war, the Kremlin\u00a0enters\u00a0another one. So, the &#8216;cargo 200&#8217; [<em>dead bodies<\/em>] will come not only from Donbas, but also from Syria.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Additional materials and statistical data.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The approximate number of the trips to Tartus:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=182022603&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>The number of the Russian LPDs involved into the expeditions to Syria, by fleets:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=299875420&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>The number of the expeditions to Syria, by ships (in one year):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=1308971605&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>The\u00a0appraisal report of the expeditions from January, 2013 till September 2015 (criterion &#8211; leaving\u00a0the Black Sea and returning in 4 weeks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=1762707282&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>All the Russian LPDs movements through the Bosphorus from January, 2013 till September, 2015:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=1032691580&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/12596-vojna-v-syryy-vmf-rf-asadu\">Original article<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/anton.pavlushko\" target=\"_blank\">Anton Pavlushko<\/a>, translated by Oleksandr Klymenko<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Syrian\u00a0government forces have relatively\u00a0successfully fought against several opponents (Syrian rebels, moderate\u00a0Islamists, Syrian Kurds and ISIS) for&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,528,5,531],"tags":[548,331,513],"class_list":["post-5352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mainnews","category-news","category-terrorussians","category-syria","tag-infographics","tag-russian-military-equipment","tag-syria"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - 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The territory controlled by Bashar al-Assad decreases each year, but the regime still preserves the power thanks largely to the economic and military support of the Russian Federation. The InformNapalm team decided to demonstrate\u00a0the traffic\u00a0statistics of\u00a0various Russian fleets's warships in the Syrian port of Tartus. This article contains the results of the investigation of Anton Pavlushko, our OSINT-expert, who made an extensive analysis and prepared several tables with the times, periods, expeditions count and the list of the Russian Navy's transport warships\u00a0involved into military cargoes deployment to Syria (direct link - <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/VovaHelpingBasharEN\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/bit.ly\/VovaHelpingBasharEN<\/a><\/strong><strong>).<\/strong>\r\n\r\nOne of the reasons of this long-running conflict is Assad's regime's \"endless war reserves\" which Russia\u00a0constantly refills both by air and by sea. The air traffic is limited nowadays, but the sea traffic remains a robust\u00a0life-line for Bashar.\r\n\r\n<strong>The main role in the military cargoes transfer to Syria<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>is played by Russia's Black Sea Fleet<\/strong>\u00a0(the home base is located in Sevastopol, occupied Crimea, Ukraine).\r\n\r\nTheoretically, Russia could have established the military smuggling\u00a0to Syria with the help of\u00a0civil ships, but the first freight inspection would provoke an international scandal - that is why the Navy's warships are used for the convoys. The traffic to the Syrian port goes through the\u00a0Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits.\r\n\r\nThe warships cannot be revised and the\u00a0passing of the straits is the subject to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montreux_Convention_Regarding_the_Regime_of_the_Straits\">Montreux Convention<\/a>\u00a0from 1936 and requires only a notification of the Turkish authorities about the coming event.\r\n\r\nIn this way, the Russian <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amphibious_transport_dock\">landing platform\/docks<\/a> (LPDs) are used for military equipment and troops transfer\u00a0to Syria. <strong>The Black Sea fleet<\/strong> has 7 LPDs as part of the 197th landing ship brigade.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=0&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"220\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\nIt is worth noting that the Ukrainian LPD 'Konstantin Olshansky' (captured by the Russians during the annexation of Crimea) is located in Sevastopol, but Russia does not\u00a0venture to use it for cargoes transferring to Syria.\r\n\r\nAs you can see from the table, they could\u00a0use only\u00a04-5 ships out of 7, so it was decided to\u00a0take\u00a0LPDs from other fleets to increase the traffic capacity.\r\n\r\n<strong>North fleet\u00a0<\/strong>\u2014 4 Project 775 class LPDs<strong>:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=2030410687&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"170\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<strong>Baltic fleet<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 4 Project 775 class LPDs<strong>:<\/strong>\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=487237545&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"170\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<strong>Pacific fleet<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 3\u00a0Project 775 class LPDs\u00a0and 1 Project 1171\u00a0class LPD:\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=2060383328&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"170\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n*<em>The ships that has not taken part in cargoes transferring to Syria through the Bosphorus <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">are marked in red<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em>\r\n\r\nThese are the two main types of the landing ships (Project 775 and 1171):\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=1136142940&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"340\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\nThe Project 1171 (started in 2004) had to reinforce the outdated Russian fleet with the new landing ships, but none of the ships of this class has been put in service due to poor funding.\r\n\r\n<strong>The Russian military authorities also planned to reinforce the fleet capacity by the latest Mistral-class multipurpose landing ships ordered in France. This kind of ships could transfer up to 70 military trucks OR 40 tanks and 450 troops and have the\u00a0displacement of 32000 tons which is several times greater than the Project 775\/1171 LPDs (up to 4400 tons). But the annexation of Crimea and the applied sanctions ruined the plan. Now Russia has to use the old vessels built in Soviet times.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWe\u00a0took the Turkish\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/turkishnavy.net\" target=\"_blank\">Bosphorus Naval News<\/a>\u00a0site to analyze the traffic through the Bosphorus. It does not contain the full data, but the authors are sure they have processed 90-95% of the\u00a0warships traffic through the strait. The InformNapalm volunteers combined the data from 2013-2015 and split it by the fleets, ship types and passages\u00a0times.\r\n\r\nMore than 300 passings the Bosphorus in both directions by the Russian warships were registered in 3 years. More than 50 different ships from all the Russian Navy's fleets participated in that, including at least 14 out of 18 LPDs in service - 5\u00a0(Black Sea fleet), 4 (Baltic fleet), 3 (North fleet), 2 (Pacific fleet).\r\n\r\nThe share of the landing ships among all the Russian warships passed\u00a0the Bosphorus was\u00a0more than 70% (229 of 303 passages).\u00a0The Black sea fleet's LPDs\u00a0performed more than half of the passages, 20%\u00a0is\u00a0accounted for by LPDs of the Baltic fleet and around 10% by\u00a0the North fleet's LPDs.\r\n\r\nThe common route of the Russian LPDs:\u00a0Sevastopol (if ship belongs to the Black sea fleet) \u2014 Novorossiysk \u2014 Bosphorus \u2014 Dardanelles \u2014 Latakia\/Tartus.\r\n\r\nThe main cargo loading is done in Novorossiysk.\u00a0Loading in Sevastopol requires cargo transferring to Crimea, which is rather difficult lately. So, the Russian ships have to make a detour from Sevastopol to Novorossiysk which extends an average\u00a0expedition time to Tartus by\u00a01 day. A typical expedition from Novorossiysk to Tartus takes 4 days.\r\n\r\nOne trip to Syria and back takes around 10 days - such trips can be tracked in the traffic through the Bosphorus. Often the Black sea fleet's LPDs travel in pair, pass the straits and return back to the Black sea in 8-13 days.\r\n\r\nNovorossiysk-Tartus trip\u00a0takes around 4 days (1512 sea miles or 2433 km), the\u00a0cargo is unloaded for several days and the ships sail home (the time spent is calculated with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.searates.com\/ru\/reference\/portdistance\/?B=12038&amp;E=23586&amp;\" target=\"_blank\">SeaRates<\/a>\u00a0service).\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2015\/09\/InformNapalm_Syria_02_ENG.png\" target=\"_blank\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5359 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2015\/09\/InformNapalm_Syria_02_ENG.png\" alt=\"InformNapalm_Syria_02_ENG\" width=\"3507\" height=\"2480\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nAs you can see from the statistic information and info-graphic, the sea traffic increases each year.\u00a0Presumably, there were more than 30 expeditions in 2013, and more than 45 in 2014. And they reached the level of 2014 already by September, 2015.\r\n\r\nThe landing ships of the Baltic and North fleets are used in rotation of\u00a0Russia's\u00a0Mediterranean Fleet (<a href=\"http:\/\/ria.ru\/defense_safety\/20150603\/1067919709.html\" target=\"_blank\">in Russian<\/a>), but, in fact,\u00a0ply between Novorossiysk and Tartus.\r\n\r\nThe most frequent travelers to the Mediterranean are\u00a0the 'Kaliningrad' LPD (10 times in 2014) and 'Novocherkassk' LPD (9 trips in 2014 and 8 in 2015). The technical maintenance in Tartus is provided by 2 floating workshops of the Black Sea Fleet - PM-56 and PM-138 which swap each 6 months (<a href=\"http:\/\/blackseafleet-21.com\/news\/23-01-2015_plavmasterskaja-pm-56-chernomorskogo-flota-vernulas-v-sevastopol-iz-sredizemnogo-morja\">in Russian<\/a>).\r\n\r\nThanks to the data of the\u00a0Bosphorus Naval News project, we can speak about more than 100 trips of the Russian LPDs to Syria in 3\u00a0incomplete\u00a0years.\r\n\r\nThe information about the warship trips can also be found in the open VKontakte groups where wives\u00a0and servicemen\u00a0share the actual coordinates of the ships. The 'Syrian' question arises there all the time.\r\n\r\nBesides that, the Tartus\u00a0port calls are covered in local media (in Kaliningrad, Sevastopol, Novorossiysk) and on the web sites of the\u00a0Russian News Agency TASS, RIA Novosti, etc.\r\n\r\n<strong>It is remarkable that the ships are fully loaded on the way to Tartus \u2014 the water-line is hardly seen on the pictures. But on the way to the Black sea it can easily be seen - the ships are empty.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWe do not know much about the cargo, but starting from the summer of 2015 the Russian LPDs pass the Bosphorus with the military equipment on the upper deck. The tilt-covered or hidden under the\u00a0camouflage net equipment has been pictured by many news agencies. This way the world got\u00a0to know about 'Nikolai Filchenkov' LPD. In general, it is pretty dangerous maneuver for a LPD, since it is a long trip in the open sea.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_12634\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"853\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/img_1715.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-12634\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/img_1715.jpg\" alt=\"'Nikolai Filchenkov' LPD passes the Bosphorus on September 10, 2015. The cargo on the deck is covered. Photo by: Y\u00f6r\u00fck I\u015f\u0131k\" width=\"853\" height=\"396\" \/><\/a> <em>'Nikolai Filchenkov' LPD passes the Bosphorus on September 10, 2015. The cargo on the deck is covered. Photo by: <strong>Y\u00f6r\u00fck I\u015f\u0131k<\/strong><\/em>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_12635\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"853\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/fil_04.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-12635\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/fil_04.jpg\" alt=\"'Nikolai Filchenkov' LPD passes the Bosphorus on September 10, 2015. The cargo on the deck is covered. Photo by: Alper B\u00f6ler\" width=\"853\" height=\"670\" \/><\/a> <em>'Nikolai Filchenkov' LPD passes the Bosphorus on September 10, 2015. The cargo on the deck is covered. Photo by: <strong>Alper B\u00f6ler<\/strong><\/em>[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThe Project 1171 LPDs can <a href=\"http:\/\/turkishnavy.net\/2015\/08\/22\/update-the-cargo-on-russian-landing-ship-nikolay-filchenkov\/\">take cargo on the upper deck<\/a>, but it was weird when containers were placed on the upper deck of the Project 775 LPD, where is <a href=\"http:\/\/turkishnavy.net\/2015\/09\/05\/russian-warship-korolev-passed-through-istanbul-with-cargo-on-her-deck\/\">almost no free space<\/a>. It seems like Russians experience some kind of 'logistics panic' these days. The deployment of the\u00a0military cargo to Syria is intensive now. It is likely that Bashar al-Assad's army badly needs a reinforcement.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_12637\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"853\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/fylya.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-12637\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/fylya.jpg\" alt=\"'Nikolai Filchenkov' LPD, Project 1171. Photo: turkishnavy.net\" width=\"853\" height=\"647\" \/><\/a> 'Nikolai Filchenkov' LPD, Project 1171. Photo: turkishnavy.net[\/caption]\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_12636\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"850\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/net-mesta.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-12636\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/net-mesta.jpg\" alt=\"'Korolev' LPD, Project 775, passes the Bosphorus on September 3, 2015. Photo: turkishnavy.net\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" \/><\/a> 'Korolev' LPD, Project 775, passes the Bosphorus on September 3, 2015. Photo: turkishnavy.net[\/caption]\r\n\r\nEventually, in the plain sight of the whole world Russia almost openly provides Assad's regime with the weaponry. And lately the number of shipments increased.\u00a0In result, we have millions of refugees, hundreds of thousands of killed people and general unrest in this\u00a0oil producing region. But the world community\u00a0starts to see who\u00a0pours gasoline on a blaze of this war only now, 4 years\u00a0later.\r\n\r\nEven the hasteless European bureaucracy has started to take actions. And gradually Russia looses the possibility to transfer the cargoes by air, so the expeditions of the Russian LPDs\u00a0through the Bosphorus will increase.\r\n\r\nThis way, while Russia's economy experiences the pressure of sanctions for the Crimea occupation and the war in Donbas, the Russian Federation authorities spend billions of rubles on the Bashar Assad's regime support. Having stuck in one war, the Kremlin\u00a0enters\u00a0another one. So, the 'cargo 200' [<em>dead bodies<\/em>] will come not only from Donbas, but also from Syria.\r\n\r\n<strong>Additional materials and statistical data.<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>The approximate number of the trips to Tartus:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=182022603&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<strong>The number of the Russian LPDs involved into the expeditions to Syria, by fleets:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=299875420&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<strong>The number of the expeditions to Syria, by ships (in one year):<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=1308971605&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<strong>The\u00a0appraisal report of the expeditions from January, 2013 till September 2015 (criterion - leaving\u00a0the Black Sea and returning in 4 weeks)<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=1762707282&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<strong>All the Russian LPDs movements through the Bosphorus from January, 2013 till September, 2015:<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1GRVyZLYiZf-TD3V-GElH_uklG5QCMO6GNiV7eNJbRZc\/pubhtml?gid=1032691580&amp;single=true&amp;widget=true&amp;headers=false\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<em><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/12596-vojna-v-syryy-vmf-rf-asadu\">Original article<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/anton.pavlushko\" target=\"_blank\">Anton Pavlushko<\/a>, translated by Oleksandr Klymenko<\/em>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5352"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5352\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5990,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5352\/revisions\/5990"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}