{"id":6305,"date":"2015-11-24T17:06:19","date_gmt":"2015-11-24T17:06:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/?p=6305"},"modified":"2016-03-29T18:30:18","modified_gmt":"2016-03-29T18:30:18","slug":"russian-private-military-companies-as-licensed-tool-of-terror","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/russian-private-military-companies-as-licensed-tool-of-terror\/","title":{"rendered":"Russian Private Military Companies As Licensed Tool of Terror"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/informnapalm-faq\/\" target=\"_blank\">InformNapalm<\/a>\u00a0international volunteer community presents an interesting review article written by\u00a0Vyacheslav Gusarov, an information security expert of &#8216;<a href=\"http:\/\/sprotyv.info\/ru\/news\/kiev\/rossiyskie-chvk-ili-uzakonennye-terroristy\">Information Resistance<\/a>&#8216; group. We\u00a0have created the infographics to visualize\u00a0the data of the article.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The well-known military and political events started\u00a0in Yugoslavia in the early &#8217;90s. And in the summer of 1992 the first Russian &#8216;volunteers&#8217;\u00a0went all by themselves\u00a0into a new hot spot after the war in Transnistria. By someone&#8217;s considerations, the local Slavs allegedly had to be defended.<\/p>\n<p>Then the widely known Igor Strelkov-Girkin appeared among the group of &#8216;patriots&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>Somehow, the Russian media (with tears in their\u00a0eyes)\u00a0presented this fact as the archetype\u00a0of the &#8216;Russian patriotism&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2015\/11\/PWC-en.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" \/><\/p>\n<p>However, you\u00a0should wonder: <strong><em>how could it be possible in\u00a0post-Soviet Russia to leave the country with combat equipment, and even take part in the hostilities?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Russian writer Mikhail Polikarpov <a href=\"http:\/\/coollib.com\/b\/281912\">assures<\/a>\u00a0that several hundreds of &#8216;Russian volunteers&#8217;\u00a0continuously operated\u00a0in Bosnia in 1992-1995, using the\u00a0tactics of reconnaissance and sabotage groups. The fighters of &#8216;Rubikon&#8217; security company from\u00a0St. Petersburg formed the basis of that detachment.<\/p>\n<p>Then it would be logical to ask: <em><strong>did\u00a0they all infiltrate\u00a0into Yugoslavia under the guise of Russian tourists?<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0It is clear in this case that it was not done without the participation of KGB-FSB. Immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the state\u00a0security authorities\u00a0established a special unofficial\u00a0unit of the militant professionals, which was\u00a0used in hot spots of the former Soviet Union and abroad.<\/p>\n<p>Under the guise of protection of Russia&#8217;s interests, the special unit&#8217;s\u00a0soldiers used to be\u00a0transferred to\u00a0areas of conflict &#8211; Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Crimea, Georgia.<\/p>\n<p>The state terrorists has left their bloody footprints in many places.<\/p>\n<p>Over time, a need arose\u00a0to create a legal basis which would legalize the activities of illegal armed groups in the state interests of Russia.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong><em>Legal and regulatory illusion<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The global informatization is a headache for the Russian special operations &#8211; more and more often undesired materials appear in open sources. There was a need for\u00a0legal platform\u00a0as in other civilized countries.<\/p>\n<p>However, the old Russian tradition to create\u00a0dual-use laws became a habit\u00a0of the Russian officials. This feature was once expressed in\u00a0folk\u00a0proverbial wisdom: &#8220;one law for the rich, and another for the poor&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>One of the first attempts was the amendment to the &#8216;Weapons act&#8217; (2008), which allowed the abroad security structures of &#8216;Transneft&#8217;, &#8216;Lukoil&#8217; and &#8216;Gazprom&#8217; use weapons for ensuring objects&#8217; security. Under the cover of this amendment, the first abroad armed formations were created.<\/p>\n<p>But it\u00a0appeared to be\u00a0insufficient, so, starting from 2011, the Russian media began to actively discuss the establishment of a Russian military instrument of government influence.\u00a0Then a huge amount of articles\u00a0about the need to form &#8220;voluntary detachments of reservists in the FSB, the Foreign Intelligence Service, as well as in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation&#8221; appeared in different media.\u00a0The information campaign was organized according to\u00a0the classical scenario:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>representatives of Putin&#8217;s &#8216;United Russia&#8217; party submitted to\u00a0the State Duma a draft law No.\u00a0574772-5 &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rg.ru\/2013\/01\/11\/reserv-dok.html\">Concerning the\u00a0Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the establishment of the mobilization of manpower<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n<li>the leading Russian media developed stormy debates about the &#8216;urgency&#8217; of creation of military reserve in force structures<\/li>\n<li>legislature authorities were prepared <a href=\"http:\/\/pravo.ru\/news\/view\/57120\/\">to accept the law retroactively<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As a result, the law was passed, and many of the specific issues that it solved, were hidden under the weasel words.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>For the reference<\/em><\/span><em>:\u00a0Law N 288-FZ (2012), determines the order of service in the special services of the Russian Federation by staying\u00a0in the reserve created by the Russian president. Staying in the reserve is defined by\u00a0a special status and &#8220;other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation&#8221;. Duties of a reservist may\u00a0be identified by &#8220;other federal laws and other regulations&#8221;. In addition, reservists can receive training in &#8220;special professional institutions&#8221;, which\u00a0today might be the Russian PMCs (they have the right to educate and train\u00a0specialists in the required profile).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In 2013, the Russian Duma&#8217;s deputy Aleksandr Mitrofanov submitted a <a href=\"http:\/\/asozd2.duma.gov.ru\/main.nsf\/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&amp;RN=62015-6&amp;02\">draft law No.\u00a062015-6<\/a> &#8220;Concerning the State Regulation\u00a0of creation and activities of private military companies&#8221;. The law allows PMCs the following (quotations):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>have military items in their use;<\/li>\n<li>engage in entrepreneurial and other income-generating activities;<\/li>\n<li>provide other military services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">For reference<\/span>: in Art. 27 of the Law &#8220;The authority of the Government of the Russian Federation&#8221; states that <a href=\"http:\/\/asozd2.duma.gov.ru\/main.nsf\/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&amp;RN=62015-6&amp;02\">federal authorities fully control the activities of PMCs<\/a> and &#8216;carry out other powers in the field of private military companies&#8217;. The law did not explain the concept of &#8220;provision of other military services&#8221; (Art. 18, p. 2).<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15881\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/jjj.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15881\" class=\"wp-image-15881 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/jjj.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Russian PMCs are the tools for the implementation of national interests without the direct participation of the state&quot;, - Vladimir Putin, April 11, 2012\" width=\"758\" height=\"546\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-15881\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Russian PMCs are the tools for the implementation of national interests without the direct participation of the state&#8221;, &#8211; Vladimir Putin, April 11, 2012<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>It is characteristic that a year earlier, in 2012, deputy Mitrofanov received from the Prime Minister Vladimir Putin blessing for the development of this law. Then Putin named\u00a0the system of private military companies in Russia a &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/ria.ru\/defense_safety\/20120411\/623227984.html#ixzz3r5aGUWkc\">tool for the implementation of national interests without the direct participation of the state<\/a>&#8220;. Well, this is the exact definition of the activities of the Russian PMCs.<\/p>\n<p>Deputy G. Nosovka submitted another draft law &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.liveinternet.ru\/users\/4444754\/post366676695\/\">Concerning private military companies<\/a>&#8221; to\u00a0the State Duma in October of 2014. Now\u00a0both drafts\u00a0are passing the review process.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong><em>Russia&#8217;s private military companies<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Around\u00a0ten private military companies have been created\u00a0in Russia\u00a0over the last few years. The\u00a0militants who have previously passed special training in Russian PMCs are often met\u00a0in the area of ATO. The most famous among them are:<\/p>\n<p>&#8216;<a href=\"http:\/\/rsb-group.ru\/about\">RSB-Group<\/a>&#8216;\u00a0&#8211; a\u00a0private company which calls itself a military consulting company. An important detail: the official &#8216;RSB-Group&#8217; operates in areas with unstable political situation in coordination with the legitimate government of other countries. The military activities in &#8216;LPR&#8217; and &#8216;DPR&#8217; fit this formulation easily since the leaders of these entities are recognized representatives of the &#8216;state government&#8217;;<\/p>\n<p>&#8216;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.antiterror-orel.ru\/\">Anti-Terror<\/a>&#8216; &#8211; a group of companies, consisting of a training center,\u00a0demining squad and several\u00a0non-governmental organizations of former officers of special forces. The organization specializes\u00a0in education and training of soldiers for special tasks of different nature in areas with high\u00a0war risk. The company has the direct support of the FSB, which helped it gain a foothold in the Iraq region;<\/p>\n<p>&#8216;<a href=\"http:\/\/chvk-mar.ru\/deyatelnost\">MAR<\/a>&#8216; &#8211; a private military company that provides a full range of &#8216;security\u00a0services&#8217; in areas with high terrorist activities or unstable political situation. It is engaged in training, consulting, intelligence, sales of military goods, etc. In its\u00a0practice, &#8216;MAR&#8217; has sent fighters to the ATO zone, ostensibly to ensure the delivery of &#8216;humanitarian aid&#8217; to &#8216;DPR&#8217;;<\/p>\n<p>&#8216;<a href=\"http:\/\/moran-group.org\/ru\/about\/index\">Moran Security Group<\/a>&#8216; &#8211; a group of military-oriented companies, which focus on the protection of marine and land cargoes. It has a naval training center in St. Petersburg;<\/p>\n<p>&#8216;<a href=\"http:\/\/redut-czentr.narod.ru\/index\/0-6\">Center R<\/a>&#8216; (other names &#8211; &#8216;Tiger Top-rent security&#8217; and &#8216;Redut-Antiterror&#8217;) &#8211; a typical private military organization, whose\u00a0experts have participated in the hostilities in Yugoslavia, Caucasus, Iraq and Afghanistan. The company trains sniper (and anti-sniper) specialists, shooters, combat engineers, radio engineers, rapid response fighters in urban environment, and so on.<\/p>\n<p>It is likely that the activities of the listed above PMCs have been linked to the war in Ukraine in some way &#8211; recruitment, fighters\u00a0training, or providing support. However, militants from &#8216;ATK GROUP&#8217;, &#8216;Slavonic Corps Limited&#8217;, &#8216;Vizantiya&#8217; have been\u00a0met\u00a0in the area of the ATO, as well as in Syria.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to that, PMC with\u00a0&#8216;shady reputation&#8217; work in Russia as well. Such companies can be\u00a0ranked together with\u00a0terrorist groups.<\/p>\n<p>For example, <a href=\"http:\/\/warfiles.ru\/show-98206-chvk-vagnera-za-bashara-asada-bez-flaga-bez-rodiny.html\">&#8216;Vagner&#8217; private military company<\/a>\u00a0(incorporated in Argentina) poses itself as a\u00a0closed militarized structure; its training camp is located in the village of Molkino in Krasnodar krai, at the training site of the 10th special forces brigade of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Federation. With high probability we can assume that we observe here the mentioned above\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rg.ru\/2013\/01\/11\/reserv-dok.html\">mechanism for the creation of voluntary units\u00a0of \u00a0Russian GRU&#8217;s reservists<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Everything is organized as in a Special Forces: arrival, interviewing, testing, quarantine, intensive special training, examination and sending on a mission. At the same time the main priority is to keep the information in secret.<\/p>\n<p>According to closed\u00a0sources, the main task is to prepare the &#8216;Vagner&#8217;s fighters for the war in Syria and send them there. This version is confirmed by the data from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/warfiles.ru\/show-98206-chvk-vagnera-za-bashara-asada-bez-flaga-bez-rodiny.html\">numerous printed materials<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Obviously, these men are the backbone of ground operations&#8217; troops\u00a0and\u00a0they fight under the guise of Assad&#8217;s volunteers. Detachments of &#8216;vacationers&#8217; are sent to Syria from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.allcrimea.net\/news\/2015\/10\/27\/v-sevastopol-dostavili-grob-pogibshego-v-sirii-soldata-47626\/\">Primorsko-Akhtarsky military airfield, which is located in 200 km from the training center<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>According to confidential information, there are hundreds of killed fighters in the ranks of &#8216;Vagner&#8217; PMC. This information is partially confirmed by the data in open sources:<\/p>\n<p>24.09.2015 \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/112.ua\/mir\/v-sevastopol-iz-sirii-uzhe-privezli-10-pogibshih-rossiyskih-soldat-dzhemilev-260404.html\" target=\"_blank\">10 coffins arrived to Sevastopol from Syria<\/a>;<\/p>\n<p>20.10.2015 \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/korrespondent.net\/ukraine\/3578627-v-krym-yz-syryy-pryvezly-tela-rossyiskykh-soldat-razvedka\" target=\"_blank\">Vessel with bodies of 26 killed marines from 810th brigade arrived to Sevastopol<\/a>;<\/p>\n<p>27.10.2015 \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/news.allcrimea.net\/news\/2015\/10\/27\/v-sevastopol-dostavili-grob-pogibshego-v-sirii-soldata-47626\/\" target=\"_blank\">A coffin with a soldier died in Syria arrived to Sevastopol<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">For reference<\/span>: the 810th separate marine brigade (military unit No. 13140) has a double location &#8211; the headquarters are in Sevastopol and the main part is in Temryuk (Krasnodar krai), which is 200 km away from the headquarters of the &#8216;Vagner&#8217; PMC. It is not difficult to assume\u00a0that &#8216;Vagner&#8217;s personnel\u00a0was recruiting fighters for Syria in\u00a0the 810th brigade\u00a0&#8211; trained marines can quickly form a special squad.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#8216;E.N.O.T. Corp&#8217; PMC from Moscow has the same &#8216;shady&#8217; structure.\u00a0Unlike the previous one, this company has a website where it place a short description of its tasks.<\/p>\n<p>&#8216;E.N.O.T. Corp&#8217; is allegedly engaged in military-patriotic work and collecting aid for &#8216;Novorossiya&#8217;. However, other materials\u00a0indicate the involvement of &#8216;E.N.O.T. Corp&#8217; into military operations in the ATO area &#8211; &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/8167-enoty-homyakova-zachyshhayut-kazakov-novorossyy\">mopping-up of\u00a0militia in Antratsyt&#8221;<\/a>,\u00a0&#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/webcache.googleusercontent.com\/search?q=cache:http:\/\/voicesevas.ru\/yugo-vostok\/11649-enot-corp.html&amp;gws_rd=cr&amp;ei=5PFCVpOAAou6swH4uIjYAg\">fighting on the terrorists side<\/a>&#8221;\u00a0and &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/tolko-pravda.pp.ua\/?p=815\">protection of &#8216;humanitarian&#8217; convoys<\/a>&#8220;. A. Borodai, who\u00a0is directly connected with the FSB, is involved in the MPC&#8217;s activities.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qXg6CwzD77g\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The company has an arsenal of weapons, the possibility of training in shooting, engineering, reconnaissance\u00a0and battle planning. It is likely that the military-patriotic and humanitarian component of their activity is a concealment\u00a0element for\u00a0the main objectives &#8211; special operations of <a href=\"http:\/\/tolko-pravda.pp.ua\/?p=815\">arms and materiel delivery<\/a>\u00a0to militants from Luhansk and participation in hostilities.<\/p>\n<p>According to confidential sources, curators of &#8216;E.N.O.T. Corp&#8217;\u00a0PMC\u00a0recruit terrorists in Donbas for operations in Syria. There is information that from 700 to 1000 fighters have already left the occupied regions of Ukraine. The\u00a0Russian citizenship, removal of criminal records\u00a0and\u00a0a decent salary (from 90 to 250 thousand\u00a0of rubles) are offered to &#8216;DPR&#8217; militants as a\u00a0motivation. Further, these\u00a0militants are recommended to go to &#8216;defend Russia&#8217; not only in Syria, but also in Tajikistan and Nagorno-Karabakh, where the situation is complicated\u00a0and can be escalated at any moment.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><em><strong>Cossacks as\u00a0a public\u00a0Russian military\u00a0organization<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0historical function of the Cossacks on the protection of the empire&#8217;s borders has degenerated over the past century, and this social group has turned into a bunch of mercenaries. The Russian Cossacks units\u00a0are widely used by the Russian\u00a0leadership to destabilize situation in the neighboring states of Russia.<\/p>\n<p>This practice took place in Chechnya, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, Crimea, Donbas and in Yugoslavia.<\/p>\n<p>For example, the First Cossack Sotnia [hundred] (70 fighters)\u00a0was stationed in the Yugoslavian town of Visegrad\u00a0in 1993. Its members came from Rostov Oblast, Volga region and Moscow. Next, the militants from\u00a0St. Petersburg and Siberia arrived.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/kazaki.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15882\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/kazaki.jpg\" alt=\"kazaki\" width=\"745\" height=\"496\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Recently, the Cossacks from Krasnodar took part in the Crimea annexation in 2014, and armed groups from Rostov Oblast came to &#8216;protect the Russian world&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>As in the previous case, a logical question arises: <strong>how can we explain the emergence of paramilitary Cossack units in the opponent&#8217;s territory and with the combat task?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The functioning of the Cossack communities in Russia takes place under the control of the Russian government through the Council for Cossack Affairs under the President of the Russian Federation. The Cossack culture, military life and history are\u00a0the basic principles of the Cossacks.<\/p>\n<p>But these are just the excuses. Recall the dual-use structure of the Russian laws.<\/p>\n<p>For example, according to the law &#8216;Regarding\u00a0the State Service of the Russian Cossacks&#8217;, the Cossack units can be engaged in:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Measures for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations of natural disasters, civil and territorial defense;<\/li>\n<li>Protection of public order, protection of borders, the fight against terrorism;<\/li>\n<li>Various activities, performed together with the federal executive authorities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It should be understood that the Cossacks troops are officially allowed to deal not only with history and tradition, but also with military and combat training. In reality, in some cities, the Russian Cossacks rule\u00a0the sphere of security and safety that allows them\u00a0have their own arsenal of weapons.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, the Russian Cossacks are supported by the state grants.<\/p>\n<p>This situation allows to\u00a0use these squads in pseudopatriotic activities\u00a0in accordance with the plans of the Kremlin.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p>Thus, the wars in Donbas and Syria demonstrate the participation of the Russian private military organizations in these conflicts.<\/p>\n<p>The Kremlin has actually created a hidden lever of influence on the military situation in other states.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/15878-rossyjskye-chvk\">Original article<\/a>\u00a0by Vyacheslav Gusarov (&#8216;Information Resistance&#8217;), translated by Stepan Grishin<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>InformNapalm\u00a0international volunteer community presents an interesting review article written by\u00a0Vyacheslav Gusarov, an information security expert of &#8216;Information&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":104,"featured_media":8162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,528,5],"tags":[548,357,172],"class_list":["post-6305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mainnews","category-news","category-terrorussians","tag-infographics","tag-russian-aggression","tag-russian-mercenaries"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - 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We\u00a0have created the infographics to visualize\u00a0the data of the article.\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe well-known military and political events started\u00a0in Yugoslavia in the early '90s. And in the summer of 1992 the first Russian 'volunteers'\u00a0went all by themselves\u00a0into a new hot spot after the war in Transnistria. By someone's considerations, the local Slavs allegedly had to be defended.\r\n\r\nThen the widely known Igor Strelkov-Girkin appeared among the group of 'patriots'.\r\n\r\nSomehow, the Russian media (with tears in their\u00a0eyes)\u00a0presented this fact as the archetype\u00a0of the 'Russian patriotism'.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2015\/11\/PWC-en.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" \/>\r\n\r\nHowever, you\u00a0should wonder: <strong><em>how could it be possible in\u00a0post-Soviet Russia to leave the country with combat equipment, and even take part in the hostilities?<\/em><\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Russian writer Mikhail Polikarpov <a href=\"http:\/\/coollib.com\/b\/281912\">assures<\/a>\u00a0that several hundreds of 'Russian volunteers'\u00a0continuously operated\u00a0in Bosnia in 1992-1995, using the\u00a0tactics of reconnaissance and sabotage groups. The fighters of 'Rubikon' security company from\u00a0St. Petersburg formed the basis of that detachment.\r\n\r\nThen it would be logical to ask: <em><strong>did\u00a0they all infiltrate\u00a0into Yugoslavia under the guise of Russian tourists?<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0It is clear in this case that it was not done without the participation of KGB-FSB. Immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the state\u00a0security authorities\u00a0established a special unofficial\u00a0unit of the militant professionals, which was\u00a0used in hot spots of the former Soviet Union and abroad.\r\n\r\nUnder the guise of protection of Russia's interests, the special unit's\u00a0soldiers used to be\u00a0transferred to\u00a0areas of conflict - Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Crimea, Georgia.\r\n\r\nThe state terrorists has left their bloody footprints in many places.\r\n\r\nOver time, a need arose\u00a0to create a legal basis which would legalize the activities of illegal armed groups in the state interests of Russia.\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong><em>Legal and regulatory illusion<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\nThe global informatization is a headache for the Russian special operations - more and more often undesired materials appear in open sources. There was a need for\u00a0legal platform\u00a0as in other civilized countries.\r\n\r\nHowever, the old Russian tradition to create\u00a0dual-use laws became a habit\u00a0of the Russian officials. This feature was once expressed in\u00a0folk\u00a0proverbial wisdom: \"one law for the rich, and another for the poor\".\r\n\r\nOne of the first attempts was the amendment to the 'Weapons act' (2008), which allowed the abroad security structures of 'Transneft', 'Lukoil' and 'Gazprom' use weapons for ensuring objects' security. Under the cover of this amendment, the first abroad armed formations were created.\r\n\r\nBut it\u00a0appeared to be\u00a0insufficient, so, starting from 2011, the Russian media began to actively discuss the establishment of a Russian military instrument of government influence.\u00a0Then a huge amount of articles\u00a0about the need to form \"voluntary detachments of reservists in the FSB, the Foreign Intelligence Service, as well as in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation\" appeared in different media.\u00a0The information campaign was organized according to\u00a0the classical scenario:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>representatives of Putin's 'United Russia' party submitted to\u00a0the State Duma a draft law No.\u00a0574772-5 \"<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rg.ru\/2013\/01\/11\/reserv-dok.html\">Concerning the\u00a0Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the establishment of the mobilization of manpower<\/a>\"<\/li>\r\n\t<li>the leading Russian media developed stormy debates about the 'urgency' of creation of military reserve in force structures<\/li>\r\n\t<li>legislature authorities were prepared <a href=\"http:\/\/pravo.ru\/news\/view\/57120\/\">to accept the law retroactively<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAs a result, the law was passed, and many of the specific issues that it solved, were hidden under the weasel words.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>For the reference<\/em><\/span><em>:\u00a0Law N 288-FZ (2012), determines the order of service in the special services of the Russian Federation by staying\u00a0in the reserve created by the Russian president. Staying in the reserve is defined by\u00a0a special status and \"other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation\". Duties of a reservist may\u00a0be identified by \"other federal laws and other regulations\". In addition, reservists can receive training in \"special professional institutions\", which\u00a0today might be the Russian PMCs (they have the right to educate and train\u00a0specialists in the required profile).<\/em>\r\n\r\nIn 2013, the Russian Duma's deputy Aleksandr Mitrofanov submitted a <a href=\"http:\/\/asozd2.duma.gov.ru\/main.nsf\/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&amp;RN=62015-6&amp;02\">draft law No.\u00a062015-6<\/a> \"Concerning the State Regulation\u00a0of creation and activities of private military companies\". The law allows PMCs the following (quotations):\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>have military items in their use;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>engage in entrepreneurial and other income-generating activities;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>provide other military services.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">For reference<\/span>: in Art. 27 of the Law \"The authority of the Government of the Russian Federation\" states that <a href=\"http:\/\/asozd2.duma.gov.ru\/main.nsf\/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&amp;RN=62015-6&amp;02\">federal authorities fully control the activities of PMCs<\/a> and 'carry out other powers in the field of private military companies'. The law did not explain the concept of \"provision of other military services\" (Art. 18, p. 2).<\/em>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_15881\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"758\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/jjj.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-15881 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/jjj.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Russian PMCs are the tools for the implementation of national interests without the direct participation of the state&quot;, - Vladimir Putin, April 11, 2012\" width=\"758\" height=\"546\" \/><\/a> \"Russian PMCs are the tools for the implementation of national interests without the direct participation of the state\", - Vladimir Putin, April 11, 2012[\/caption]\r\n\r\nIt is characteristic that a year earlier, in 2012, deputy Mitrofanov received from the Prime Minister Vladimir Putin blessing for the development of this law. Then Putin named\u00a0the system of private military companies in Russia a \"<a href=\"http:\/\/ria.ru\/defense_safety\/20120411\/623227984.html#ixzz3r5aGUWkc\">tool for the implementation of national interests without the direct participation of the state<\/a>\". Well, this is the exact definition of the activities of the Russian PMCs.\r\n\r\nDeputy G. Nosovka submitted another draft law \"<a href=\"http:\/\/www.liveinternet.ru\/users\/4444754\/post366676695\/\">Concerning private military companies<\/a>\" to\u00a0the State Duma in October of 2014. Now\u00a0both drafts\u00a0are passing the review process.\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong><em>Russia's private military companies<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\nAround\u00a0ten private military companies have been created\u00a0in Russia\u00a0over the last few years. The\u00a0militants who have previously passed special training in Russian PMCs are often met\u00a0in the area of ATO. The most famous among them are:\r\n\r\n'<a href=\"http:\/\/rsb-group.ru\/about\">RSB-Group<\/a>'\u00a0- a\u00a0private company which calls itself a military consulting company. An important detail: the official 'RSB-Group' operates in areas with unstable political situation in coordination with the legitimate government of other countries. The military activities in 'LPR' and 'DPR' fit this formulation easily since the leaders of these entities are recognized representatives of the 'state government';\r\n\r\n'<a href=\"http:\/\/www.antiterror-orel.ru\/\">Anti-Terror<\/a>' - a group of companies, consisting of a training center,\u00a0demining squad and several\u00a0non-governmental organizations of former officers of special forces. The organization specializes\u00a0in education and training of soldiers for special tasks of different nature in areas with high\u00a0war risk. The company has the direct support of the FSB, which helped it gain a foothold in the Iraq region;\r\n\r\n'<a href=\"http:\/\/chvk-mar.ru\/deyatelnost\">MAR<\/a>' - a private military company that provides a full range of 'security\u00a0services' in areas with high terrorist activities or unstable political situation. It is engaged in training, consulting, intelligence, sales of military goods, etc. In its\u00a0practice, 'MAR' has sent fighters to the ATO zone, ostensibly to ensure the delivery of 'humanitarian aid' to 'DPR';\r\n\r\n'<a href=\"http:\/\/moran-group.org\/ru\/about\/index\">Moran Security Group<\/a>' - a group of military-oriented companies, which focus on the protection of marine and land cargoes. It has a naval training center in St. Petersburg;\r\n\r\n'<a href=\"http:\/\/redut-czentr.narod.ru\/index\/0-6\">Center R<\/a>' (other names - 'Tiger Top-rent security' and 'Redut-Antiterror') - a typical private military organization, whose\u00a0experts have participated in the hostilities in Yugoslavia, Caucasus, Iraq and Afghanistan. The company trains sniper (and anti-sniper) specialists, shooters, combat engineers, radio engineers, rapid response fighters in urban environment, and so on.\r\n\r\nIt is likely that the activities of the listed above PMCs have been linked to the war in Ukraine in some way - recruitment, fighters\u00a0training, or providing support. However, militants from 'ATK GROUP', 'Slavonic Corps Limited', 'Vizantiya' have been\u00a0met\u00a0in the area of the ATO, as well as in Syria.\r\n\r\nIn addition to that, PMC with\u00a0'shady reputation' work in Russia as well. Such companies can be\u00a0ranked together with\u00a0terrorist groups.\r\n\r\nFor example, <a href=\"http:\/\/warfiles.ru\/show-98206-chvk-vagnera-za-bashara-asada-bez-flaga-bez-rodiny.html\">'Vagner' private military company<\/a>\u00a0(incorporated in Argentina) poses itself as a\u00a0closed militarized structure; its training camp is located in the village of Molkino in Krasnodar krai, at the training site of the 10th special forces brigade of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Federation. With high probability we can assume that we observe here the mentioned above\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rg.ru\/2013\/01\/11\/reserv-dok.html\">mechanism for the creation of voluntary units\u00a0of \u00a0Russian GRU's reservists<\/a>.\r\n\r\nEverything is organized as in a Special Forces: arrival, interviewing, testing, quarantine, intensive special training, examination and sending on a mission. At the same time the main priority is to keep the information in secret.\r\n\r\nAccording to closed\u00a0sources, the main task is to prepare the 'Vagner's fighters for the war in Syria and send them there. This version is confirmed by the data from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/warfiles.ru\/show-98206-chvk-vagnera-za-bashara-asada-bez-flaga-bez-rodiny.html\">numerous printed materials<\/a>.\r\n\r\nObviously, these men are the backbone of ground operations' troops\u00a0and\u00a0they fight under the guise of Assad's volunteers. Detachments of 'vacationers' are sent to Syria from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.allcrimea.net\/news\/2015\/10\/27\/v-sevastopol-dostavili-grob-pogibshego-v-sirii-soldata-47626\/\">Primorsko-Akhtarsky military airfield, which is located in 200 km from the training center<\/a>.\r\n\r\nAccording to confidential information, there are hundreds of killed fighters in the ranks of 'Vagner' PMC. This information is partially confirmed by the data in open sources:\r\n\r\n24.09.2015 \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/112.ua\/mir\/v-sevastopol-iz-sirii-uzhe-privezli-10-pogibshih-rossiyskih-soldat-dzhemilev-260404.html\" target=\"_blank\">10 coffins arrived to Sevastopol from Syria<\/a>;\r\n\r\n20.10.2015 \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/korrespondent.net\/ukraine\/3578627-v-krym-yz-syryy-pryvezly-tela-rossyiskykh-soldat-razvedka\" target=\"_blank\">Vessel with bodies of 26 killed marines from 810th brigade arrived to Sevastopol<\/a>;\r\n\r\n27.10.2015 \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/news.allcrimea.net\/news\/2015\/10\/27\/v-sevastopol-dostavili-grob-pogibshego-v-sirii-soldata-47626\/\" target=\"_blank\">A coffin with a soldier died in Syria arrived to Sevastopol<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">For reference<\/span>: the 810th separate marine brigade (military unit No. 13140) has a double location - the headquarters are in Sevastopol and the main part is in Temryuk (Krasnodar krai), which is 200 km away from the headquarters of the 'Vagner' PMC. It is not difficult to assume\u00a0that 'Vagner's personnel\u00a0was recruiting fighters for Syria in\u00a0the 810th brigade\u00a0- trained marines can quickly form a special squad.<\/em>\r\n\r\n'E.N.O.T. Corp' PMC from Moscow has the same 'shady' structure.\u00a0Unlike the previous one, this company has a website where it place a short description of its tasks.\r\n\r\n'E.N.O.T. Corp' is allegedly engaged in military-patriotic work and collecting aid for 'Novorossiya'. However, other materials\u00a0indicate the involvement of 'E.N.O.T. Corp' into military operations in the ATO area - \"<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/8167-enoty-homyakova-zachyshhayut-kazakov-novorossyy\">mopping-up of\u00a0militia in Antratsyt\"<\/a>,\u00a0\"<a href=\"http:\/\/webcache.googleusercontent.com\/search?q=cache:http:\/\/voicesevas.ru\/yugo-vostok\/11649-enot-corp.html&amp;gws_rd=cr&amp;ei=5PFCVpOAAou6swH4uIjYAg\">fighting on the terrorists side<\/a>\"\u00a0and \"<a href=\"http:\/\/tolko-pravda.pp.ua\/?p=815\">protection of 'humanitarian' convoys<\/a>\". A. Borodai, who\u00a0is directly connected with the FSB, is involved in the MPC's activities.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qXg6CwzD77g\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\nThe company has an arsenal of weapons, the possibility of training in shooting, engineering, reconnaissance\u00a0and battle planning. It is likely that the military-patriotic and humanitarian component of their activity is a concealment\u00a0element for\u00a0the main objectives - special operations of <a href=\"http:\/\/tolko-pravda.pp.ua\/?p=815\">arms and materiel delivery<\/a>\u00a0to militants from Luhansk and participation in hostilities.\r\n\r\nAccording to confidential sources, curators of 'E.N.O.T. Corp'\u00a0PMC\u00a0recruit terrorists in Donbas for operations in Syria. There is information that from 700 to 1000 fighters have already left the occupied regions of Ukraine. The\u00a0Russian citizenship, removal of criminal records\u00a0and\u00a0a decent salary (from 90 to 250 thousand\u00a0of rubles) are offered to 'DPR' militants as a\u00a0motivation. Further, these\u00a0militants are recommended to go to 'defend Russia' not only in Syria, but also in Tajikistan and Nagorno-Karabakh, where the situation is complicated\u00a0and can be escalated at any moment.\r\n<p align=\"center\"><em><strong>Cossacks as\u00a0a public\u00a0Russian military\u00a0organization<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\r\nThe\u00a0historical function of the Cossacks on the protection of the empire's borders has degenerated over the past century, and this social group has turned into a bunch of mercenaries. The Russian Cossacks units\u00a0are widely used by the Russian\u00a0leadership to destabilize situation in the neighboring states of Russia.\r\n\r\nThis practice took place in Chechnya, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, Crimea, Donbas and in Yugoslavia.\r\n\r\nFor example, the First Cossack Sotnia [hundred] (70 fighters)\u00a0was stationed in the Yugoslavian town of Visegrad\u00a0in 1993. Its members came from Rostov Oblast, Volga region and Moscow. Next, the militants from\u00a0St. Petersburg and Siberia arrived.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/kazaki.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15882\" src=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/kazaki.jpg\" alt=\"kazaki\" width=\"745\" height=\"496\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nRecently, the Cossacks from Krasnodar took part in the Crimea annexation in 2014, and armed groups from Rostov Oblast came to 'protect the Russian world'.\r\n\r\nAs in the previous case, a logical question arises: <strong>how can we explain the emergence of paramilitary Cossack units in the opponent's territory and with the combat task?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe functioning of the Cossack communities in Russia takes place under the control of the Russian government through the Council for Cossack Affairs under the President of the Russian Federation. The Cossack culture, military life and history are\u00a0the basic principles of the Cossacks.\r\n\r\nBut these are just the excuses. Recall the dual-use structure of the Russian laws.\r\n\r\nFor example, according to the law 'Regarding\u00a0the State Service of the Russian Cossacks', the Cossack units can be engaged in:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Measures for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations of natural disasters, civil and territorial defense;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Protection of public order, protection of borders, the fight against terrorism;<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Various activities, performed together with the federal executive authorities.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIt should be understood that the Cossacks troops are officially allowed to deal not only with history and tradition, but also with military and combat training. In reality, in some cities, the Russian Cossacks rule\u00a0the sphere of security and safety that allows them\u00a0have their own arsenal of weapons.\r\n\r\nMoreover, the Russian Cossacks are supported by the state grants.\r\n\r\nThis situation allows to\u00a0use these squads in pseudopatriotic activities\u00a0in accordance with the plans of the Kremlin.\r\n\r\n***\r\n\r\nThus, the wars in Donbas and Syria demonstrate the participation of the Russian private military organizations in these conflicts.\r\n\r\nThe Kremlin has actually created a hidden lever of influence on the military situation in other states.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/15878-rossyjskye-chvk\">Original article<\/a>\u00a0by Vyacheslav Gusarov ('Information Resistance'), translated by Stepan Grishin<\/em>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/104"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6305"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8163,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6305\/revisions\/8163"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}