{"id":1899,"date":"2015-03-21T18:56:34","date_gmt":"2015-03-21T18:56:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/?p=1899"},"modified":"2023-03-24T13:08:39","modified_gmt":"2023-03-24T13:08:39","slug":"ejercito-comun-europeo-instrucciones-de-uso","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/ejercito-comun-europeo-instrucciones-de-uso\/","title":{"rendered":"Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo: instrucciones de uso"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Beginning with the observation that \u00ab with regards to foreign policy, we (Europeans) do not seem to be taken seriously \u00bb 1Jean-Claude Juncker has made it clear in a recent interview with Germany's Welt am Sonntag, that the European Union must have a common\">A partir de la observaci\u00f3n de que \u00aben lo que respecta a la pol\u00edtica exterior, nosotros (los europeos) no parecen tomarnos en serio\u00bb Jean-Claude Juncker ha dejado claro en una reciente entrevista con la revista alemana <b>Welt am Sonntag<\/b>, que Uni\u00f3n Europea deberia de tener un<\/span><span title=\"army.\">ej\u00e9rcito <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"army.\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Beginning with the observation that \u00ab with regards to foreign policy, we (Europeans) do not seem to be taken seriously \u00bb 1Jean-Claude Juncker has made it clear in a recent interview with Germany's Welt am Sonntag, that the European Union must have a common\">com\u00fan<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><span title=\"According to the President of the European Commission, the mere decision to equip itself with such an instrument would allow the EU to \u00ab send a clear signal to Russia that we (Europeans) are serious about defending European values \u00bb and would put the EU in a\">Seg\u00fan el presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea, la mera decisi\u00f3n de dotarse de un instrumento de este tipo permitir\u00eda a la UE el poder \u00abenviar una clara se\u00f1al a Rusia que nosotros (los europeos) nos tomamos en serio la defensa de los valores europeos\u00bb y pondr\u00eda a la UE en unas <\/span><span title=\"position to react \u00ab credibly \u00bb to threats to peace in a Member State or in a State bordering the Union.\">condiciones de reaccionar a las amenazas a la paz de un Estado miembro o de un Estado lim\u00edtrofe de la Uni\u00f3n. <\/span><span title=\"The words he used are of paramount importance.\">Las palabras que utiliz\u00f3 son de suma importancia. <\/span><span title=\"Juncker does not refer to a single European army that would replace the national armies;\">Juncker no se refiere a un solo ej\u00e9rcito europeo que sustituir\u00eda a los ej\u00e9rcitos nacionales; <\/span><span title=\"he is talking about a common European army.\">\u00e9l est\u00e1 hablando de un Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo. <\/span><span title=\"At no time does he say that all Member States would have to participate in such an undertaking.\">En ning\u00fan momento ha dicho que todos los Estados miembros tendr\u00edan que participar en tal empresa. <\/span><span title=\"And finally, he makes it clear that a common army would not represent a \">Y, por \u00faltimo, se deja en claro que un ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan no representar\u00eda un \u00abdesaf\u00edo\u00bb para la OTAN.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"If we take these three crucial elements (a common and not a single European army, voluntary participation and compatibility with NATO) and add to them the impossibility over time of protecting the technological and military knowledge of the armies and industries of the different Member States,\">Si tomamos estos tres elementos cruciales (un solo Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo, la participaci\u00f3n voluntaria y la compatibilidad con la OTAN) y a\u00f1adimos a ellos la imposibilidad en el tiempo de la protecci\u00f3n del conocimiento tecnol\u00f3gico y militar de los ej\u00e9rcitos y de las industrias de los distintos Estados miembros, <\/span><span title=\"even the largest of them, due to the narrowness of national markets, we are able to imagine a scenario of what this Common European Army would look like, as well as to envision its relationship to national armies on the one hand, and to NATO on\">incluso el m\u00e1s grande de ellos, debido a la estrechez de los mercados nacionales, somos capaces de imaginar un escenario de lo que este ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan europeo se ver\u00eda, as\u00ed como para prever su relaci\u00f3n con los ej\u00e9rcitos nacionales, por un lado, y de la OTAN en <\/span><span title=\"the other.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">el otro.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"A solid legal basis&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>Una s\u00f3lida base jur\u00eddica<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">De acuerdo con los art\u00edculos 42 y 46 \u00a7 6 \u00a7 1, 2 y 3 del Tratado de la Uni\u00f3n Europea (TUE), los Estados participantes podr\u00edan optar por la Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC) con el objetivo de crear un Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo. <\/span><span title=\"In the politically risky event that a Member State of the EU chose to avail itself of its right to veto this initiative, the participating States could decide in the short term to pursue their objective outside the Treaty, much as was the case when States orchestrated the\">En caso pol\u00edticamente arriesgado que un Estado miembro de la UE opt\u00f3 por acogerse a su derecho a vetar esta iniciativa, los Estados participantes podr\u00eda decidir en el corto plazo el perseguir su objetivo fuera del Tratado, tanto como fue el caso cuando los Estados orquest\u00f3 la <\/span><span title=\"free movement of persons among participating countries under the auspices of the Schengen Agreement.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">libre circulaci\u00f3n de personas entre los pa\u00edses participantes, bajo los auspicios del Acuerdo de Schengen.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"To what end?&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>\u00bfCon qu\u00e9 fin?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"The first aim of this Common Army would be to protect the security and territorial integrity of the participating Member States.\">El primer objetivo de este ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan ser\u00eda la de proteger la seguridad y la integridad territorial de los Estados miembros participantes. <\/span><span title=\"The Army would also be authorized to conduct humanitarian missions, peace keeping and peace making operations, and to evacuate citizens of the EU.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">El Ej\u00e9rcito tambi\u00e9n estar\u00eda autorizado para llevar a cabo misiones humanitarias, mantenimiento de la paz y para evacuar a los ciudadanos de la UE.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"In order to assure permanent deployment, the core of the Common European Army would be composed of three air and naval groups employing, most obviously, the two Mistrals that had initially been earmarked for Russia, as well as of three rapid-intervention teams.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Con el fin de asegurar el despliegue permanente, el n\u00facleo del ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan europeo se compone de tres grupos a\u00e9reos y navales que emplean, los dos Mistrals que inicialmente hab\u00edan sido destinados a Rusia, as\u00ed como de los tres equipos de intervenci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"A strictly \u00ab EU \u00bb (communautaire) political and institutional organization&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>Una \u00abUE\u00bb (comunitario) organizaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica e institucional<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"The President of the Commission would have political responsibility of the European Army, while a Commissioner, appointed by the President of the Commission, would be charged with the organization and functioning for the Common European Army.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">El Presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n tendr\u00eda la responsabilidad pol\u00edtica del Ej\u00e9rcito Europeo, mientras que un Comisario, nombrado por el Presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n, se encargaria de la organizaci\u00f3n y funcionamiento del ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan europeo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"Any organizational decision would have to be ratified by both the Foreign Affairs Council and the European Parliament.\">Cualquier decisi\u00f3n de la organizaci\u00f3n tendr\u00eda que ser ratificado tanto por el Consejo de Asuntos Exteriores y el Parlamento Europeo. <\/span><span title=\"Measures would be considered adopted after gaining the approval of at least 55% of the States participating in Permanent Structured Cooperation, and of 65% of the population of those States, as well as of the majority of MEPs of those States.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Las medidas se considerar\u00e1 adoptada despu\u00e9s de obtener la aprobaci\u00f3n de al menos el 55% de los Estados participantes en la <\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Measures would be considered adopted after gaining the approval of at least 55% of the States participating in Permanent Structured Cooperation, and of 65% of the population of those States, as well as of the majority of MEPs of those States.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span> y del 65% de la poblaci\u00f3n de dichos Estados, as\u00ed como de la mayor\u00eda de los diputados de dichos Estados.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"The President of the Commission will submit all decisions to deploy the European Army to a European High Council for Security 2, composed of the Heads of State and government of the participating countries.\">El Presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n presentar\u00e1 todas las decisiones de desplegar el ej\u00e9rcito europeo a un Consejo Europeo de Alta Seguridad, compuesto por los Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de los pa\u00edses participantes. <\/span><span title=\"Decisions would be ratified by a qualified majority.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Las decisiones se ratificar\u00edan por mayor\u00eda cualificada.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"European soldiers&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>Soldados europeos<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><span title=\"The civilian and military personnel of the Common European Army will have the status of EU employees.\">El personal civil y militar del Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo tendrian la condici\u00f3n de empleados de la UE. <\/span><span title=\"The salaries of civilian and military personnel will be calculated on the basis of an average of the five highest wage levels for equivalent skills and responsibilities in countries participating in PESCO.\">Los sueldos del personal civil y militar se calcular\u00e1n sobre la base de un promedio de los cinco niveles de salarios m\u00e1s altos para las habilidades y responsabilidades equivalentes en los pa\u00edses que participan en <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"The salaries of civilian and military personnel will be calculated on the basis of an average of the five highest wage levels for equivalent skills and responsibilities in countries participating in PESCO.\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">la Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><span title=\"As with the European Commission, the personnel for the Common European Army will be divided proportionally among the participating States according to their respective populations.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Al igual que con la Comisi\u00f3n Europea, el personal del Ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan europeo se dividir\u00e1n proporcionalmente entre los Estados participantes de acuerdo a sus respectivas poblaciones.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"The Common European Army will have its own general staff whose headquarters will be based in Brussels.\">El Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo tendr\u00e1 su propio estado mayor cuya sede tendr\u00e1 su sede en Bruselas. <\/span><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Los miembros del personal en general ser\u00e1n nombrados por el Presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea, previa recomendaci\u00f3n del Comisario de la <\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"The working language of the Army will be English.\">El idioma de trabajo del Ej\u00e9rcito ser\u00e1 el Ingl\u00e9s. <\/span><span title=\"Officers, non-commissioned officers, soldiers and civilian personnel will take an oath before the President of the Commission and \/ or the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Oficiales, suboficiales, soldados y personal civil se prestar\u00e1 juramento ante el Presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n y \/ o el Comisario de<\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Officers, non-commissioned officers, soldiers and civilian personnel will take an oath before the President of the Commission and \/ or the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"> la <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><span title=\"The Common European Army will have an independent command hierarchy.\">El Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo tendr\u00e1 una jerarqu\u00eda de mando independiente. <\/span><span title=\"It will independently manage its own military schools (naval, ground, air force).\">Se gestionar\u00e1 de forma independiente sus propias escuelas militares (Ejercito de tierra, ejercito del aire y armada).<\/span><span title=\"It will have its own intelligence services (information and counterintelligence).\">Tendr\u00e1 sus propios servicios de inteligencia y contrainteligencia (informaci\u00f3n). <\/span><span title=\"Measures will be put in place to ensure close collaboration between these services and those of the Member States participating in PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Las medidas que se pusiesen en marcha para garantizar una estrecha colaboraci\u00f3n entre estos servicios y los de los Estados miembros que participen en <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Measures will be put in place to ensure close collaboration between these services and those of the Member States participating in PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">la <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"The Common European Army's naval, ground and air force bases will be located according to strategic criteria while also taking into account differences among participating countries with respect to the state of their arms industry.\">Las bases terrestres, a\u00e9reas y navales del Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo estar\u00e1n ubicados de acuerdo a criterios estrat\u00e9gicos teniendo tambi\u00e9n en cuenta las diferencias entre los pa\u00edses participantes con respecto a la situaci\u00f3n de su industria de armamento. <\/span><span title=\"Accordingly, the first naval bases will be set up in Poland, Bulgaria and Portugal, and the ground bases will be set up in Romania, Spain and the Baltic countries.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">En consecuencia, las primeras bases navales se establecer\u00e1n en Polonia, Bulgaria y Portugal, y las bases de tierra se establecer\u00e1n en Rumania, Espa\u00f1a y los pa\u00edses b\u00e1lticos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"Each participating State's initial contribution will be 0.30% of its GDP.\">la aportaci\u00f3n inicial de cada Estado participante ser\u00e1 el 0,30% de su PIB. <\/span><span title=\"This contribution could be included in the military expenditures of NATO members.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Esta contribuci\u00f3n podr\u00eda incluirse en los gastos militares de los miembros de la OTAN.<br \/>\n<b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><span title=\"Full compatibility with NATO&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>Compatibilidad total con la OTAN<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"The Common Army of the Union will have the special status of a \">El Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo tendr\u00e1 la condici\u00f3n especial de una \u00abfuerza de reserva\u00bb dentro de la OTAN. <\/span><span title=\"It would only become part of NATO forces under direct authority of the allied High Command in the case of recourse to article 5 (threat towards the security of one or several NATO Member States).\">S\u00f3lo se convertir\u00eda en parte de fuerzas de la OTAN bajo la autoridad directa del Alto Mando aliado en el caso de recurrir al art\u00edculo 5 (amenaza a la seguridad de uno o varios Estados miembros de la OTAN). <\/span><span title=\"In all other circumstances, it will serve only the citizens and governments of countries involved in PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">En cualquier otra circunstancia, servir\u00e1 s\u00f3lo los ciudadanos y los gobiernos de los pa\u00edses involucrados en <\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"In all other circumstances, it will serve only the citizens and governments of countries involved in PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">la <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"Measures will be put in place to ensure close collaboration between the Common European Army and the armies of PESCO States.\">Las medidas que se pondrian en marcha para garantizar una estrecha colaboraci\u00f3n entre el Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo y los ej\u00e9rcitos de <\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Measures will be put in place to ensure close collaboration between the Common European Army and the armies of PESCO States.\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">la <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><span title=\"When necessary, the Common Army will offer joint operations with national armies of participating States.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Cuando sea necesario, el Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan ofrecer\u00e1 operaciones conjuntas con los ej\u00e9rcitos nacionales de los Estados participantes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"An incentive to bolster cooperation in the military-industrial sector&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>Un incentivo para reforzar la cooperaci\u00f3n en el sector militar-industrial<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"Taking into account both the investments made in the military-industrial sector over the last seventy years by some Member States and the willingness of other Member States to increase their future investments in this sector, the States participating in PESCO will be committed to fostering mergers among\">Teniendo en cuenta tanto las inversiones realizadas en el sector militar-industrial durante los \u00faltimos setenta a\u00f1os por algunos Estados miembros y de la voluntad de los otros Estados miembros de aumentar sus inversiones futuras en este sector, los Estados participantes en<\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Taking into account both the investments made in the military-industrial sector over the last seventy years by some Member States and the willingness of other Member States to increase their future investments in this sector, the States participating in PESCO will be committed to fostering mergers among\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">la<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> se comprometer\u00e1n a fomentar las fusiones entre<\/span><span title=\"firms in the sector.\">las empresas del sector. <\/span><span title=\"For example, the Member States will prioritize the purchase of the Common European Army's equipment from groups representing firms from several participating countries.\">Por ejemplo, los Estados miembros deber\u00e1n dar prioridad a la compra de equipo del ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan europeo de grupos que representan a empresas de distintos pa\u00edses participantes. <\/span><span title=\"In particular Member States will work to create a large military aviation conglomerate around the Airbus and Dassault groups that will welcome the participation of other Member States (or of companies of these States).\">En particular, los Estados miembros trabajar\u00e1n para crear un gran conglomerado de la aviaci\u00f3n militar en torno a los grupos de Airbus y Dassault que dar\u00e1 la bienvenida a la participaci\u00f3n de otros Estados miembros (o de empresas de esos Estados). <\/span><span title=\"Similarly, in the area of naval construction, firms will be encouraged to merge their military branches into three or four common subsidiaries.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Del mismo modo, en el \u00e1rea de la construcci\u00f3n naval, se alentar\u00e1 a las empresas de fusionar sus ramas militares en tres o cuatro filiales comunes.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"A remedy for Europe's disintegration&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>Un remedio para la desintegraci\u00f3n de Europa<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"In Europe, many people are still not prepared to recognize the strategic paradigm shift that the annexation of Crimea and the invasion and occupation of Donbass by Russian and pro-Russian forces have created.\">En Europa, muchas personas todav\u00eda no est\u00e1n dispuestos a reconocer el cambio estrat\u00e9gico de paradigma que la anexi\u00f3n de Crimea y la invasi\u00f3n y ocupaci\u00f3n de Donbass por las fuerzas rusas y pro-rusas han creado. <\/span><span title=\"Within the European Union, a majority of States still believes that it is possible to return to the status quo with the current Russian regime.\">Dentro de la Uni\u00f3n Europea, la mayor\u00eda de los Estados todav\u00eda cree que es posible volver al statu quo con el r\u00e9gimen actual de Rusia. <\/span><span title=\"Some states, including Spain, are even openly demanding that we drop all sanctions.\">Algunos estados, como Espa\u00f1a, est\u00e1n exigiendo incluso abiertamente que nos olvidemos de las sanciones. <\/span><span title=\"Currently only a minority of States - some on the front line - have a clear understanding of how serious the repercussions from the situation in Ukraine will be not only for Ukraine, but for the present and future cohesiveness of the entire European Union.\">Actualmente, s\u00f3lo una minor\u00eda de Estados &#8211; un poco en la l\u00ednea del frente &#8211; tiene una clara comprensi\u00f3n de la gravedad de las repercusiones de la situaci\u00f3n en Ucrania ser\u00e1n no s\u00f3lo para Ucrania, sino para la cohesi\u00f3n presente y el futuro de toda la Uni\u00f3n Europea. <\/span><span title=\"Add to that the tragedies in Syria, Iraq and Libya, and the differing perceptions of these events within EU countries, and it becomes obvious that we urgently need to find ways to \">A\u00f1adir a que las tragedias en Siria, Irak y Libia, y las diferentes percepciones de estos eventos dentro de los pa\u00edses de la UE, y se hace evidente que es urgente encontrar formas de \u00abforzar\u00bb a los Estados a pensar en la seguridad, no como un asunto exclusivamente de nacional <\/span><span title=\"concern, but as both a national and European consideration.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">preocupaci\u00f3n, pero tanto como un examen nacional y europeo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"In this context, one of the many virtues of the initiative that the President of the European Commission has taken is undeniably to propose to the EU a means that, by its very existence, immediately allows the EU to take on greater cohesiveness in these turbulent times\">En este contexto, una de las muchas virtudes de la iniciativa que el Presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea ha tomado es innegablemente proponer a la UE que por su propia seguridad, permita inmediatamente a la UE a asumir una mayor cohesi\u00f3n en estos tiempos turbulentos <\/span><span title=\".&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.leuropeen.eu\/\"><strong>Escrito por Olivier Dupuis<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.leuropeen.eu\/2015\/03\/19\/a-common-european-army-instructions-for-use\/\"><strong>Texto original : \u00a0http:\/\/www.leuropeen.eu\/2015\/03\/19\/a-common-european-army-instructions-for-use\/<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5\">Traductor : Alex Garc\u00eda <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\"><strong>\u00a9 La informaci\u00f3n especialmente preparada para la p\u00e1gina web InformNapalm. A la hora de reutilizar o republicar el material es obligatorio mencionar al autor y nuestro proyecto.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A partir de la observaci\u00f3n de que \u00aben lo que respecta a la pol\u00edtica exterior, nosotros (los&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1900,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,1,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-donbas","category-noticias","category-noticias-de-ultima-hora"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo: instrucciones de uso - 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Born","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2ab3370fab9c246db359190da7fc69ece9dd5c0538f0fa255b77632480af62e6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2ab3370fab9c246db359190da7fc69ece9dd5c0538f0fa255b77632480af62e6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Falcon Born"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/informnapalm.org"],"url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/author\/roman\/"}]}},"post_src":"<span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Beginning with the observation that \u00ab with regards to foreign policy, we (Europeans) do not seem to be taken seriously \u00bb 1Jean-Claude Juncker has made it clear in a recent interview with Germany's Welt am Sonntag, that the European Union must have a common\">A partir de la observaci\u00f3n de que \u00aben lo que respecta a la pol\u00edtica exterior, nosotros (los europeos) no parecen tomarnos en serio\u00bb Jean-Claude Juncker ha dejado claro en una reciente entrevista con la revista alemana <b>Welt am Sonntag<\/b>, que Uni\u00f3n Europea deberia de tener un<\/span><span title=\"army.\">ej\u00e9rcito <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"army.\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Beginning with the observation that \u00ab with regards to foreign policy, we (Europeans) do not seem to be taken seriously \u00bb 1Jean-Claude Juncker has made it clear in a recent interview with Germany's Welt am Sonntag, that the European Union must have a common\">com\u00fan<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><span title=\"According to the President of the European Commission, the mere decision to equip itself with such an instrument would allow the EU to \u00ab send a clear signal to Russia that we (Europeans) are serious about defending European values \u00bb and would put the EU in a\">Seg\u00fan el presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea, la mera decisi\u00f3n de dotarse de un instrumento de este tipo permitir\u00eda a la UE el poder \u00abenviar una clara se\u00f1al a Rusia que nosotros (los europeos) nos tomamos en serio la defensa de los valores europeos\u00bb y pondr\u00eda a la UE en unas <\/span><span title=\"position to react \u00ab credibly \u00bb to threats to peace in a Member State or in a State bordering the Union.\">condiciones de reaccionar a las amenazas a la paz de un Estado miembro o de un Estado lim\u00edtrofe de la Uni\u00f3n. <\/span><span title=\"The words he used are of paramount importance.\">Las palabras que utiliz\u00f3 son de suma importancia. <\/span><span title=\"Juncker does not refer to a single European army that would replace the national armies;\">Juncker no se refiere a un solo ej\u00e9rcito europeo que sustituir\u00eda a los ej\u00e9rcitos nacionales; <\/span><span title=\"he is talking about a common European army.\">\u00e9l est\u00e1 hablando de un Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo. <\/span><span title=\"At no time does he say that all Member States would have to participate in such an undertaking.\">En ning\u00fan momento ha dicho que todos los Estados miembros tendr\u00edan que participar en tal empresa. <\/span><span title=\"And finally, he makes it clear that a common army would not represent a \">Y, por \u00faltimo, se deja en claro que un ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan no representar\u00eda un \"desaf\u00edo\" para la OTAN.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"If we take these three crucial elements (a common and not a single European army, voluntary participation and compatibility with NATO) and add to them the impossibility over time of protecting the technological and military knowledge of the armies and industries of the different Member States,\">Si tomamos estos tres elementos cruciales (un solo Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo, la participaci\u00f3n voluntaria y la compatibilidad con la OTAN) y a\u00f1adimos a ellos la imposibilidad en el tiempo de la protecci\u00f3n del conocimiento tecnol\u00f3gico y militar de los ej\u00e9rcitos y de las industrias de los distintos Estados miembros, <\/span><span title=\"even the largest of them, due to the narrowness of national markets, we are able to imagine a scenario of what this Common European Army would look like, as well as to envision its relationship to national armies on the one hand, and to NATO on\">incluso el m\u00e1s grande de ellos, debido a la estrechez de los mercados nacionales, somos capaces de imaginar un escenario de lo que este ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan europeo se ver\u00eda, as\u00ed como para prever su relaci\u00f3n con los ej\u00e9rcitos nacionales, por un lado, y de la OTAN en <\/span><span title=\"the other.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">el otro.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"A solid legal basis&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>Una s\u00f3lida base jur\u00eddica<\/b><\/span>\r\n<p lang=\"en-US\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">De acuerdo con los art\u00edculos 42 y 46 \u00a7 6 \u00a7 1, 2 y 3 del Tratado de la Uni\u00f3n Europea (TUE), los Estados participantes podr\u00edan optar por la Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC) con el objetivo de crear un Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo. <\/span><span title=\"In the politically risky event that a Member State of the EU chose to avail itself of its right to veto this initiative, the participating States could decide in the short term to pursue their objective outside the Treaty, much as was the case when States orchestrated the\">En caso pol\u00edticamente arriesgado que un Estado miembro de la UE opt\u00f3 por acogerse a su derecho a vetar esta iniciativa, los Estados participantes podr\u00eda decidir en el corto plazo el perseguir su objetivo fuera del Tratado, tanto como fue el caso cuando los Estados orquest\u00f3 la <\/span><span title=\"free movement of persons among participating countries under the auspices of the Schengen Agreement.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">libre circulaci\u00f3n de personas entre los pa\u00edses participantes, bajo los auspicios del Acuerdo de Schengen.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<span title=\"To what end?&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>\u00bfCon qu\u00e9 fin?<\/b><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"The first aim of this Common Army would be to protect the security and territorial integrity of the participating Member States.\">El primer objetivo de este ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan ser\u00eda la de proteger la seguridad y la integridad territorial de los Estados miembros participantes. <\/span><span title=\"The Army would also be authorized to conduct humanitarian missions, peace keeping and peace making operations, and to evacuate citizens of the EU.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">El Ej\u00e9rcito tambi\u00e9n estar\u00eda autorizado para llevar a cabo misiones humanitarias, mantenimiento de la paz y para evacuar a los ciudadanos de la UE.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"In order to assure permanent deployment, the core of the Common European Army would be composed of three air and naval groups employing, most obviously, the two Mistrals that had initially been earmarked for Russia, as well as of three rapid-intervention teams.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Con el fin de asegurar el despliegue permanente, el n\u00facleo del ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan europeo se compone de tres grupos a\u00e9reos y navales que emplean, los dos Mistrals que inicialmente hab\u00edan sido destinados a Rusia, as\u00ed como de los tres equipos de intervenci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"A strictly \u00ab EU \u00bb (communautaire) political and institutional organization&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>Una \u00abUE\u00bb (comunitario) organizaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica e institucional<\/b><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"The President of the Commission would have political responsibility of the European Army, while a Commissioner, appointed by the President of the Commission, would be charged with the organization and functioning for the Common European Army.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">El Presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n tendr\u00eda la responsabilidad pol\u00edtica del Ej\u00e9rcito Europeo, mientras que un Comisario, nombrado por el Presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n, se encargaria de la organizaci\u00f3n y funcionamiento del ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan europeo.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Any organizational decision would have to be ratified by both the Foreign Affairs Council and the European Parliament.\">Cualquier decisi\u00f3n de la organizaci\u00f3n tendr\u00eda que ser ratificado tanto por el Consejo de Asuntos Exteriores y el Parlamento Europeo. <\/span><span title=\"Measures would be considered adopted after gaining the approval of at least 55% of the States participating in Permanent Structured Cooperation, and of 65% of the population of those States, as well as of the majority of MEPs of those States.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Las medidas se considerar\u00e1 adoptada despu\u00e9s de obtener la aprobaci\u00f3n de al menos el 55% de los Estados participantes en la <\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Measures would be considered adopted after gaining the approval of at least 55% of the States participating in Permanent Structured Cooperation, and of 65% of the population of those States, as well as of the majority of MEPs of those States.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span> y del 65% de la poblaci\u00f3n de dichos Estados, as\u00ed como de la mayor\u00eda de los diputados de dichos Estados.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"The President of the Commission will submit all decisions to deploy the European Army to a European High Council for Security 2, composed of the Heads of State and government of the participating countries.\">El Presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n presentar\u00e1 todas las decisiones de desplegar el ej\u00e9rcito europeo a un Consejo Europeo de Alta Seguridad, compuesto por los Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de los pa\u00edses participantes. <\/span><span title=\"Decisions would be ratified by a qualified majority.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Las decisiones se ratificar\u00edan por mayor\u00eda cualificada.\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"European soldiers&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>Soldados europeos\r\n<\/b>\r\n<\/span><span title=\"The civilian and military personnel of the Common European Army will have the status of EU employees.\">El personal civil y militar del Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo tendrian la condici\u00f3n de empleados de la UE. <\/span><span title=\"The salaries of civilian and military personnel will be calculated on the basis of an average of the five highest wage levels for equivalent skills and responsibilities in countries participating in PESCO.\">Los sueldos del personal civil y militar se calcular\u00e1n sobre la base de un promedio de los cinco niveles de salarios m\u00e1s altos para las habilidades y responsabilidades equivalentes en los pa\u00edses que participan en <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"The salaries of civilian and military personnel will be calculated on the basis of an average of the five highest wage levels for equivalent skills and responsibilities in countries participating in PESCO.\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">la Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><span title=\"As with the European Commission, the personnel for the Common European Army will be divided proportionally among the participating States according to their respective populations.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Al igual que con la Comisi\u00f3n Europea, el personal del Ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan europeo se dividir\u00e1n proporcionalmente entre los Estados participantes de acuerdo a sus respectivas poblaciones.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"The Common European Army will have its own general staff whose headquarters will be based in Brussels.\">El Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo tendr\u00e1 su propio estado mayor cuya sede tendr\u00e1 su sede en Bruselas. <\/span><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Los miembros del personal en general ser\u00e1n nombrados por el Presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea, previa recomendaci\u00f3n del Comisario de la <\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"The working language of the Army will be English.\">El idioma de trabajo del Ej\u00e9rcito ser\u00e1 el Ingl\u00e9s. <\/span><span title=\"Officers, non-commissioned officers, soldiers and civilian personnel will take an oath before the President of the Commission and \/ or the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Oficiales, suboficiales, soldados y personal civil se prestar\u00e1 juramento ante el Presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n y \/ o el Comisario de<\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Officers, non-commissioned officers, soldiers and civilian personnel will take an oath before the President of the Commission and \/ or the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"> la <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n<\/span><span title=\"The Common European Army will have an independent command hierarchy.\">El Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo tendr\u00e1 una jerarqu\u00eda de mando independiente. <\/span><span title=\"It will independently manage its own military schools (naval, ground, air force).\">Se gestionar\u00e1 de forma independiente sus propias escuelas militares (Ejercito de tierra, ejercito del aire y armada).<\/span><span title=\"It will have its own intelligence services (information and counterintelligence).\">Tendr\u00e1 sus propios servicios de inteligencia y contrainteligencia (informaci\u00f3n). <\/span><span title=\"Measures will be put in place to ensure close collaboration between these services and those of the Member States participating in PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Las medidas que se pusiesen en marcha para garantizar una estrecha colaboraci\u00f3n entre estos servicios y los de los Estados miembros que participen en <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Measures will be put in place to ensure close collaboration between these services and those of the Member States participating in PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">la <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"The Common European Army's naval, ground and air force bases will be located according to strategic criteria while also taking into account differences among participating countries with respect to the state of their arms industry.\">Las bases terrestres, a\u00e9reas y navales del Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo estar\u00e1n ubicados de acuerdo a criterios estrat\u00e9gicos teniendo tambi\u00e9n en cuenta las diferencias entre los pa\u00edses participantes con respecto a la situaci\u00f3n de su industria de armamento. <\/span><span title=\"Accordingly, the first naval bases will be set up in Poland, Bulgaria and Portugal, and the ground bases will be set up in Romania, Spain and the Baltic countries.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">En consecuencia, las primeras bases navales se establecer\u00e1n en Polonia, Bulgaria y Portugal, y las bases de tierra se establecer\u00e1n en Rumania, Espa\u00f1a y los pa\u00edses b\u00e1lticos.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Each participating State's initial contribution will be 0.30% of its GDP.\">la aportaci\u00f3n inicial de cada Estado participante ser\u00e1 el 0,30% de su PIB. <\/span><span title=\"This contribution could be included in the military expenditures of NATO members.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Esta contribuci\u00f3n podr\u00eda incluirse en los gastos militares de los miembros de la OTAN.\r\n<b>\r\n<\/b><\/span><span title=\"Full compatibility with NATO&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>Compatibilidad total con la OTAN<\/b><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"The Common Army of the Union will have the special status of a \">El Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo tendr\u00e1 la condici\u00f3n especial de una \"fuerza de reserva\" dentro de la OTAN. <\/span><span title=\"It would only become part of NATO forces under direct authority of the allied High Command in the case of recourse to article 5 (threat towards the security of one or several NATO Member States).\">S\u00f3lo se convertir\u00eda en parte de fuerzas de la OTAN bajo la autoridad directa del Alto Mando aliado en el caso de recurrir al art\u00edculo 5 (amenaza a la seguridad de uno o varios Estados miembros de la OTAN). <\/span><span title=\"In all other circumstances, it will serve only the citizens and governments of countries involved in PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">En cualquier otra circunstancia, servir\u00e1 s\u00f3lo los ciudadanos y los gobiernos de los pa\u00edses involucrados en <\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"In all other circumstances, it will serve only the citizens and governments of countries involved in PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">la <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Measures will be put in place to ensure close collaboration between the Common European Army and the armies of PESCO States.\">Las medidas que se pondrian en marcha para garantizar una estrecha colaboraci\u00f3n entre el Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan Europeo y los ej\u00e9rcitos de <\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Measures will be put in place to ensure close collaboration between the Common European Army and the armies of PESCO States.\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">la <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><span title=\"When necessary, the Common Army will offer joint operations with national armies of participating States.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Cuando sea necesario, el Ej\u00e9rcito Com\u00fan ofrecer\u00e1 operaciones conjuntas con los ej\u00e9rcitos nacionales de los Estados participantes.<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"An incentive to bolster cooperation in the military-industrial sector&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>Un incentivo para reforzar la cooperaci\u00f3n en el sector militar-industrial<\/b><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"Taking into account both the investments made in the military-industrial sector over the last seventy years by some Member States and the willingness of other Member States to increase their future investments in this sector, the States participating in PESCO will be committed to fostering mergers among\">Teniendo en cuenta tanto las inversiones realizadas en el sector militar-industrial durante los \u00faltimos setenta a\u00f1os por algunos Estados miembros y de la voluntad de los otros Estados miembros de aumentar sus inversiones futuras en este sector, los Estados participantes en<\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Taking into account both the investments made in the military-industrial sector over the last seventy years by some Member States and the willingness of other Member States to increase their future investments in this sector, the States participating in PESCO will be committed to fostering mergers among\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">la<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"Members of the general staff will be appointed by the President of the European Commission upon the recommendation of the Commissioner in charge of PESCO.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><span lang=\"es\"><span title=\"According to Articles 42 \u00a7 6 and 46 \u00a7 1, 2 and 3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), participating States could opt for Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) with the goal of creating a common European army.\">Estructura Permanente de Cooperaci\u00f3n (EPC)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> se comprometer\u00e1n a fomentar las fusiones entre<\/span><span title=\"firms in the sector.\">las empresas del sector. <\/span><span title=\"For example, the Member States will prioritize the purchase of the Common European Army's equipment from groups representing firms from several participating countries.\">Por ejemplo, los Estados miembros deber\u00e1n dar prioridad a la compra de equipo del ej\u00e9rcito com\u00fan europeo de grupos que representan a empresas de distintos pa\u00edses participantes. <\/span><span title=\"In particular Member States will work to create a large military aviation conglomerate around the Airbus and Dassault groups that will welcome the participation of other Member States (or of companies of these States).\">En particular, los Estados miembros trabajar\u00e1n para crear un gran conglomerado de la aviaci\u00f3n militar en torno a los grupos de Airbus y Dassault que dar\u00e1 la bienvenida a la participaci\u00f3n de otros Estados miembros (o de empresas de esos Estados). <\/span><span title=\"Similarly, in the area of naval construction, firms will be encouraged to merge their military branches into three or four common subsidiaries.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">Del mismo modo, en el \u00e1rea de la construcci\u00f3n naval, se alentar\u00e1 a las empresas de fusionar sus ramas militares en tres o cuatro filiales comunes.\r\n<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"A remedy for Europe's disintegration&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\"><b>Un remedio para la desintegraci\u00f3n de Europa<\/b><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"In Europe, many people are still not prepared to recognize the strategic paradigm shift that the annexation of Crimea and the invasion and occupation of Donbass by Russian and pro-Russian forces have created.\">En Europa, muchas personas todav\u00eda no est\u00e1n dispuestos a reconocer el cambio estrat\u00e9gico de paradigma que la anexi\u00f3n de Crimea y la invasi\u00f3n y ocupaci\u00f3n de Donbass por las fuerzas rusas y pro-rusas han creado. <\/span><span title=\"Within the European Union, a majority of States still believes that it is possible to return to the status quo with the current Russian regime.\">Dentro de la Uni\u00f3n Europea, la mayor\u00eda de los Estados todav\u00eda cree que es posible volver al statu quo con el r\u00e9gimen actual de Rusia. <\/span><span title=\"Some states, including Spain, are even openly demanding that we drop all sanctions.\">Algunos estados, como Espa\u00f1a, est\u00e1n exigiendo incluso abiertamente que nos olvidemos de las sanciones. <\/span><span title=\"Currently only a minority of States - some on the front line - have a clear understanding of how serious the repercussions from the situation in Ukraine will be not only for Ukraine, but for the present and future cohesiveness of the entire European Union.\">Actualmente, s\u00f3lo una minor\u00eda de Estados - un poco en la l\u00ednea del frente - tiene una clara comprensi\u00f3n de la gravedad de las repercusiones de la situaci\u00f3n en Ucrania ser\u00e1n no s\u00f3lo para Ucrania, sino para la cohesi\u00f3n presente y el futuro de toda la Uni\u00f3n Europea. <\/span><span title=\"Add to that the tragedies in Syria, Iraq and Libya, and the differing perceptions of these events within EU countries, and it becomes obvious that we urgently need to find ways to \">A\u00f1adir a que las tragedias en Siria, Irak y Libia, y las diferentes percepciones de estos eventos dentro de los pa\u00edses de la UE, y se hace evidente que es urgente encontrar formas de \"forzar\" a los Estados a pensar en la seguridad, no como un asunto exclusivamente de nacional <\/span><span title=\"concern, but as both a national and European consideration.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">preocupaci\u00f3n, pero tanto como un examen nacional y europeo.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span title=\"In this context, one of the many virtues of the initiative that the President of the European Commission has taken is undeniably to propose to the EU a means that, by its very existence, immediately allows the EU to take on greater cohesiveness in these turbulent times\">En este contexto, una de las muchas virtudes de la iniciativa que el Presidente de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea ha tomado es innegablemente proponer a la UE que por su propia seguridad, permita inmediatamente a la UE a asumir una mayor cohesi\u00f3n en estos tiempos turbulentos <\/span><span title=\".&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;&lt;br \/&gt; &lt;p&gt;\">.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.leuropeen.eu\/\"><strong>Escrito por Olivier Dupuis<\/strong><\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.leuropeen.eu\/2015\/03\/19\/a-common-european-army-instructions-for-use\/\"><strong>Texto original : \u00a0http:\/\/www.leuropeen.eu\/2015\/03\/19\/a-common-european-army-instructions-for-use\/<\/strong><\/a>\r\n\r\n<strong style=\"line-height: 1.5\">Traductor : Alex Garc\u00eda <\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\"><strong>\u00a9 La informaci\u00f3n especialmente preparada para la p\u00e1gina web InformNapalm. A la hora de reutilizar o republicar el material es obligatorio mencionar al autor y nuestro proyecto.<\/strong><\/a>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1899","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1899"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1899\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16194,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1899\/revisions\/16194"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}