{"id":275,"date":"2015-02-26T16:44:28","date_gmt":"2015-02-26T16:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/?p=275"},"modified":"2015-12-09T13:14:25","modified_gmt":"2015-12-09T13:14:25","slug":"italya-ispanya-ve-fransa-putin-ile-avrupa-birligi-arasindaki-secim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/italya-ispanya-ve-fransa-putin-ile-avrupa-birligi-arasindaki-secim\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130talya, \u0130spanya ve Fransa: Putin ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki se\u00e7im"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

Bu makale, <\/em>D\u00fcnya Politikas\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em><\/a>\u00a0 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya dayanarak haz\u0131rland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin Ukrayna\u2019da meydana gelen olaylar ve \u201cOnur Devrimi\u201d sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu apa\u00e7\u0131k ortada.<\/p>\n

Rusya-Ukrayna \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k tutumu olan \u00fclkelere “Russia’s understanders” (yani, \u201cRusya\u2019y\u0131 anlayanlar\u201d) deniyor. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019da yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdikleri i\u00e7in\u00a0 toplum ve baz\u0131 bilirki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan su\u00e7lanan Fransa-\u0130talya-\u0130spanya \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc de bu listeye dahildir.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin ne kadar do\u011fru oldu\u011funu anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Madrid, Paris ve Roma\u2019n\u0131n tutumu, AB\u2019nin Rusya\u2019ya ili\u015fkin tutarl\u0131 politikas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu y\u00fczden bu \u00fclkeler hakk\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u015f\u00fcpheler, ger\u00e7e\u011fe ne kadar yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu ve bu durumun nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirilece\u011fini anlamak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Siyasi liderlerin s\u0131rf resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na<\/strong> bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, Fransa, \u0130talya ve \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019ya dost oldu\u011funu bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Kamuoyu da bunu do\u011fruluyor. \u0130spanya, \u0130talya ve Fransa vatanda\u015flar\u0131, Rusya\u2019y\u0131 daha iyi tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Ukrayna\u2019ya daha \u00e7ok sempati duymaktalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

En son transatlantik e\u011filimler ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, Fransa, \u0130talya ve \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Rusya ile anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa neden olsalar bile Ukrayna\u2019ya ekonomik ve siyasi yard\u0131m etmek istediklerini g\u00f6stermektedir (Fransa – %58 “evet” – %38 “hay\u0131r”; \u0130talya – %52 \u201cevet\u201d –\u00a0 %39 \u201chay\u0131r\u201d; \u0130spanya – %48 \u201cevet\u201d – %43 \u201chay\u0131r\u201d).<\/p>\n

Buna ra\u011fmen bu \u00fclkelerin Ukrayna tarafl\u0131 tutumunu \u015f\u00fcpheye g\u00f6t\u00fcren \u00f6nemli sebepler olmal\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130talya ile ilgili \u015f\u00fcpheler, Ukrayna\u2019da meydana gelen olaylardan dolay\u0131 Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar hakk\u0131nda Roma\u2019n\u0131n skeptik tutumunu hesaba katarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Fransa\u2019ya gelince, \u201cMistral\u201d gemileriyle ilgili anla\u015fmas\u0131 hem Kiev’in i\u00e7inde, hem de d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla \u00f6fke uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130spanya’n\u0131n, kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Rusya tarafl\u0131 isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n taraf\u0131nda olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fta Rusyay\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak istemedi\u011fini Ukrayna fark etti.<\/p>\n

Madrid, Paris ve Roma’n\u0131n tutumunu daha iyi anlayabilmek i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 hat\u0131rlaman\u0131z laz\u0131m: Ukrayna hakk\u0131nda kamuoyunu d\u00f6rt \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r etkilemektedir:\u00a0tarihi miras, “me\u015fru menfaatler”, antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131k ve finansal fakt\u00f6r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tarihi miras<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130talya, \u0130spanya ve Fransa toplumlar\u0131 Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 az bir zaman \u00f6nce ke\u015ffetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 k\u0131smen Turuncu Devrimden sonra ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla derinle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

AB\u2019nin bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkesi, eski Sovyet Cumhuriyetlerini pek iyi bilmedikleri i\u00e7in Ukrayna konusu daha \u00f6nce ciddi bir anlam kazanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n aksine Rusya, Sovyet \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun merkezi olarak ony\u0131llarca b\u00f6lgedeki tek muhatap olarak yer al\u0131yordu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vladimir Putin ile Silvio Berlusconi aras\u0131ndaki dostluk, Nicolas Sarkozy\u2019nin ve \u0130spanya kral\u0131 I.Juan Carlos\u2019un olumlu tav\u0131rlar\u0131, bu \u00fclkelerin h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Rusya Federasyonuna kom\u015fular\u0131na nazaran \u00e7ok daha farkl\u0131 davranmalar\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden tarihsel y\u00f6nden Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u0130talya, Fransa ve \u0130spanya ile s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkisi, bu \u00fclkelerin yeni ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletlerin tarih boyunca Rusya\u2019n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bize a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

“Me\u015fru menfaatler”<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu \u00fclkeler ile\u00a0Rusya aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in co\u011frafya \u00e7ok \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r: Do\u011fu Avrupa b\u00f6lgesini etkilemek i\u00e7in rekabetleri yoktur.<\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019n\u0131n jeopolitik menfaatleri geleneksel olarak G\u00fcney Avrupa, Magrip \u00fclkeleri, Afrika ve Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019dayd\u0131.\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130spanya, Franko\u2019nun iktidar\u0131 s\u00fcresince izole edildikten sonra her zaman Latin Amerika ve Kuzey Afrika \u00fclkelerinde odaklan\u0131yordu. \u0130talya ise daha m\u00fctevazi d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131na sahip olup, sadece Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesi ve Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019da baz\u0131 menfaatleri vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu Avrupa \u00fclkelerinden hi\u00e7 biri, kendi menfaatleri, ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi veya toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in Rusya taraf\u0131ndan tehdit duymad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, son yirmi y\u0131lda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n eski Sovyet Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerine hala \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisinin kalmas\u0131, Rusya’n\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgede \u201cme\u015fru menfaatleri\u201dnin olmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir\u00e7ok Avrupa ba\u015fkentlerini ikna etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Paris, Madrid ve Roma, eski SSCB alan\u0131n\u0131 kendi yasal n\u00fcfuz sahas\u0131 olarak kabul eden\u00a0Rusya’n\u0131n\u00a0d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini kavray\u0131p benimsemi\u015fler.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu \u00fclkelerin toplumu, s\u00f6zle \u201cme\u015fru menfaatlere\u201d dahil olan yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 K\u0131r\u0131m ilhak\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken, Kremlin\u2019in kan\u0131t olarak g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u201cK\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da her zaman sadece Ruslar\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131\u201dn\u0131 kabul edip, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n sakinlerinin Ukrayna vatanda\u015flar\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131, Ukrayna\u2019da \u201cRus\u00e7a konu\u015fma\u201dn\u0131n \u201cRus tarafl\u0131 olma\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fini g\u00f6rmezden gelmi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle Madrid\u2019in olumsuz tepkisini hesaba katarsak, bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkenin y\u00f6netiminin ilhak\u0131 kabul ettikleri anlam\u0131na gelmez. Daha \u00e7ok s\u00f6zs\u00fcz onaydan bahsedebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir ortak \u00f6zellik daha \u2013 farkl\u0131 fakt\u00f6rlerden do\u011fmu\u015f olsa da, bahsedilen \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131k e\u011filimleri mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00f6yle ki, \u0130talya ve Fransa\u2019da bu e\u011filimler,\u00a0 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc solcular ve \u201cKuzey Ligi\u201d ve \u201cUlusal Cephe\u201d gibi yeni ultra-sa\u011fc\u0131 partiler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturuluyor, \u0130spanya\u2019da ise XIX.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131nda ABD lehine kaybedilen K\u00fcba halen hat\u0131rlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019ya sad\u0131k kalan bu \u00fclkelerin devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n destekledikleri antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131nda, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131k e\u011filimleri, \u00a0tek kutupluluktan, ABD etkisinden kurtulup, s\u00f6zle ABD\u2019nin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 kaosu bitirme iste\u011fine dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019n\u0131n antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131k anlat\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, s\u0131k s\u0131k ABD\u2019ye yap\u0131lan muhalefet, Moskova\u2019ya verilen deste\u011fi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cD\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 dostumdur\u201d inanc\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r, fakat baz\u0131 Bat\u0131 Avrupa elitlerinin \u201cEuromaidan\u201d\u0131 Ukrayna toplumunun samimi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tepkisi oldu\u011funu anlamalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131nda ultra-sa\u011f ve sol partilerin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa septisizminin, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede muhafazakar e\u011filimlerinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Putin\u2019in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc liderlik \u00f6zellikleri\u00a0 yan\u0131nda Avrupa politikac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda lider eksikli\u011fi ile a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

Avrupa ultra-sa\u011fc\u0131 partilerinin Putin\u2019in muhafazakar mesajlar\u0131na (\u00f6zellikle milliyet\u00e7i ve homofobi) destek vermeleri, solcu partilerinin antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kap\u0131lmas\u0131, do\u011frudan Ukrayna\u2019yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmasa da fiilen Rusya\u2019n\u0131n politikas\u0131n\u0131 onaylamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in olumlu temel olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Finansal fakt\u00f6r<\/strong><\/p>\n

Finans konusu AB \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olup, kendileri de Rusya\u2019ya uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlardan zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi zararlar\u0131n\u0131 tam hesaplayamazsak ta, \u00f6n de\u011ferlendirmelere g\u00f6re milyarlar Euro s\u00f6z konusudur. En a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck mutlak g\u00f6stergelerde Almanya\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015fmekte, n\u00fcfus ba\u015f\u0131na hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Litvanya\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu y\u00fczden baz\u0131 AB \u00fclkelerinin yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in anla\u015fmak istedikleri anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015fey.<\/p>\n

Fransa ve \u0130talya (daha az \u0130spanya), Rusya’n\u0131n \u00f6nemli ekonomik ortaklar\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcm bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere \u00f6nceden yap\u0131lan ticari anla\u015fmalar etkilemektedir. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya iki adet \u201cMistral\u201d tipi geminin sat\u0131\u015f kontrat\u0131, \u00e7ok karl\u0131 bir i\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden Paris, Rusya sard\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcn\u00fc geciktirdi. Hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m ki, AB Davran\u0131\u015f Yasas\u0131nda silahlar\u0131n ihracat\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u201cpotansiyel al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n silahlar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeye kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 yapma veya toprak isteklerini g\u00fc\u00e7le savunma amac\u0131yla kullanabilme riski mevcutsa \u00fcye devletler ihracat ruhsat\u0131n\u0131 vermezler\u201d maddesi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hen\u00fcz alenen onaylanmam\u0131\u015f, ancak D\u00fcnya Politikas\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kendi kaynaklar\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi bir ba\u015fka olay daha \u2013 son aylarda \u201cGazprom\u201d \u0130talya\u2019ya %10 gaz indirimini teklif etmi\u015f, \u201cal veya \u00f6de\u201d prensibini de iptal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Rusya ile yap\u0131lan i\u015flerin ba\u015fka boyutu da vard\u0131r. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u201cUlusal Cephe\u201d (Fransa), \u201cForza Italia\u201d ve \u201cKuzey Ligi\u201d (\u0130talya), \u201cBirle\u015fmi\u015f Solcular\u201d ve \u201cPodemos\u201d (\u0130spanya) siyasi partilerle ili\u015fkileri \u00e7ok \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu partilerin kendi \u00fclkelerinde etkisi y\u00fckselirken, Rusya menfaatlerine lobicilik yapma olanaklar\u0131 da y\u00fckseliyor.Yak\u0131n zamanda \u0130lk \u00c7ek-Rus Bankas\u0131ndan 11 milyon dolar kredi alan \u201cUlusal Cephe\u201d partisiyle meydana \u00e7\u0131kan skandal ve Salvini\u2019nin \u201cKuzey Ligi\u201dnin de Ruslar\u0131n paras\u0131n\u0131 bor\u00e7 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheleri, bu partilerin g\u00fctt\u00fckleri ama\u00e7lar\u00a0 bir \u00e7ok soru ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, baz\u0131 medyalar\u0131n Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131klar\u0131 konusu endi\u015fe uyand\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/strong> Fransa, \u0130spanya ve \u0130talya\u2019daki uzmanlar\u0131n Ukrayna hakk\u0131nda objektif bilgileri verdiklerine ra\u011fmen \u00f6zellikle \u0130talya\u2019daki \u00e7o\u011fu medya, haberlerini Kremlin\u2019e uyan TACC veya R\u0130A \u201cNovosti\u201d gibi Rus haber ajanslar\u0131ndan almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yazar:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Leonid Litra,\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>D\u00fcnya Politikas\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/a>analisti<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu makale, D\u00fcnya Politikas\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u00a0 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya dayanarak haz\u0131rland\u0131. Baz\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin Ukrayna\u2019da meydana gelen olaylar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":276,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,1],"tags":[38,93,92,23,6],"class_list":["post-275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dusunceler","category-all-news","tag-fransa","tag-ispanya","tag-italya","tag-rusya","tag-ukrayna"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130talya, \u0130spanya ve Fransa: Putin ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki se\u00e7im - \u0130nformNapalm'\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e versiyonu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/italya-ispanya-ve-fransa-putin-ile-avrupa-birligi-arasindaki-secim\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130talya, \u0130spanya ve Fransa: Putin ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki se\u00e7im - \u0130nformNapalm'\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e versiyonu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bu makale, D\u00fcnya Politikas\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u00a0 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya dayanarak haz\u0131rland\u0131. 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Baz\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin Ukrayna\u2019da meydana gelen olaylar...","og_url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/italya-ispanya-ve-fransa-putin-ile-avrupa-birligi-arasindaki-secim\/","og_site_name":"\u0130nformNapalm'\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e versiyonu","article_published_time":"2015-02-26T16:44:28+00:00","article_modified_time":"2015-12-09T13:14:25+00:00","og_image":[{"width":625,"height":250,"url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2015\/02\/27838b3-625.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Falcon Born","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Falcon Born","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/italya-ispanya-ve-fransa-putin-ile-avrupa-birligi-arasindaki-secim\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/italya-ispanya-ve-fransa-putin-ile-avrupa-birligi-arasindaki-secim\/"},"author":{"name":"Falcon Born","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/0a9c5fc44a7fbf844f57e2c2fa5c4bef"},"headline":"\u0130talya, \u0130spanya ve Fransa: Putin ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki se\u00e7im","datePublished":"2015-02-26T16:44:28+00:00","dateModified":"2015-12-09T13:14:25+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/italya-ispanya-ve-fransa-putin-ile-avrupa-birligi-arasindaki-secim\/"},"wordCount":1526,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/italya-ispanya-ve-fransa-putin-ile-avrupa-birligi-arasindaki-secim\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2015\/02\/27838b3-625.jpg","keywords":["Fransa","ispanya","\u0130talya","Rusya","Ukrayna"],"articleSection":["D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler","Haberler"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/italya-ispanya-ve-fransa-putin-ile-avrupa-birligi-arasindaki-secim\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/italya-ispanya-ve-fransa-putin-ile-avrupa-birligi-arasindaki-secim\/","url":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/italya-ispanya-ve-fransa-putin-ile-avrupa-birligi-arasindaki-secim\/","name":"\u0130talya, \u0130spanya ve Fransa: Putin ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki se\u00e7im - 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Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019da yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdikleri i\u00e7in\u00a0 toplum ve baz\u0131 bilirki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan su\u00e7lanan Fransa-\u0130talya-\u0130spanya \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc de bu listeye dahildir.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin ne kadar do\u011fru oldu\u011funu anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Madrid, Paris ve Roma\u2019n\u0131n tutumu, AB\u2019nin Rusya\u2019ya ili\u015fkin tutarl\u0131 politikas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu y\u00fczden bu \u00fclkeler hakk\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u015f\u00fcpheler, ger\u00e7e\u011fe ne kadar yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu ve bu durumun nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirilece\u011fini anlamak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Siyasi liderlerin <strong>s\u0131rf resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na<\/strong> bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, Fransa, \u0130talya ve \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019ya dost oldu\u011funu bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Kamuoyu da bunu do\u011fruluyor. \u0130spanya, \u0130talya ve Fransa vatanda\u015flar\u0131, Rusya\u2019y\u0131 daha iyi tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Ukrayna\u2019ya daha \u00e7ok sempati duymaktalard\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">En son transatlantik e\u011filimler ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, Fransa, \u0130talya ve \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Rusya ile anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa neden olsalar bile Ukrayna\u2019ya ekonomik ve siyasi yard\u0131m etmek istediklerini g\u00f6stermektedir (Fransa - %58 \"evet\" - %38 \"hay\u0131r\"; \u0130talya - %52 \u201cevet\u201d -\u00a0 %39 \u201chay\u0131r\u201d; \u0130spanya - %48 \u201cevet\u201d - %43 \u201chay\u0131r\u201d).<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Buna ra\u011fmen bu \u00fclkelerin Ukrayna tarafl\u0131 tutumunu \u015f\u00fcpheye g\u00f6t\u00fcren \u00f6nemli sebepler olmal\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u0130talya ile ilgili \u015f\u00fcpheler, Ukrayna\u2019da meydana gelen olaylardan dolay\u0131 Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar hakk\u0131nda Roma\u2019n\u0131n skeptik tutumunu hesaba katarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Fransa\u2019ya gelince, \u201cMistral\u201d gemileriyle ilgili anla\u015fmas\u0131 hem Kiev'in i\u00e7inde, hem de d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla \u00f6fke uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130spanya'n\u0131n, kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Rusya tarafl\u0131 isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n taraf\u0131nda olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fta Rusyay\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak istemedi\u011fini Ukrayna fark etti.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Madrid, Paris ve Roma'n\u0131n tutumunu daha iyi anlayabilmek i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 hat\u0131rlaman\u0131z laz\u0131m: Ukrayna hakk\u0131nda kamuoyunu d\u00f6rt \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r etkilemektedir:\u00a0<strong>tarihi miras, \"me\u015fru menfaatler\", antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131k ve finansal fakt\u00f6r.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Tarihi miras<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u0130talya, \u0130spanya ve Fransa toplumlar\u0131 Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 az bir zaman \u00f6nce ke\u015ffetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 k\u0131smen Turuncu Devrimden sonra ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla derinle\u015fti.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">AB\u2019nin bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkesi, eski Sovyet Cumhuriyetlerini pek iyi bilmedikleri i\u00e7in Ukrayna konusu daha \u00f6nce ciddi bir anlam kazanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n aksine Rusya, Sovyet \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun merkezi olarak ony\u0131llarca b\u00f6lgedeki tek muhatap olarak yer al\u0131yordu.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Vladimir Putin ile Silvio Berlusconi aras\u0131ndaki dostluk, Nicolas Sarkozy\u2019nin ve \u0130spanya kral\u0131 I.Juan Carlos\u2019un olumlu tav\u0131rlar\u0131, bu \u00fclkelerin h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Rusya Federasyonuna kom\u015fular\u0131na nazaran \u00e7ok daha farkl\u0131 davranmalar\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Bu y\u00fczden tarihsel y\u00f6nden Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u0130talya, Fransa ve \u0130spanya ile s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkisi, bu \u00fclkelerin yeni ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletlerin tarih boyunca Rusya\u2019n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bize a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\"Me\u015fru menfaatler\"<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Bu \u00fclkeler ile\u00a0Rusya aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in co\u011frafya \u00e7ok \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r: Do\u011fu Avrupa b\u00f6lgesini etkilemek i\u00e7in rekabetleri yoktur.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Fransa\u2019n\u0131n jeopolitik menfaatleri geleneksel olarak G\u00fcney Avrupa, Magrip \u00fclkeleri, Afrika ve Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019dayd\u0131.\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130spanya, Franko\u2019nun iktidar\u0131 s\u00fcresince izole edildikten sonra her zaman Latin Amerika ve Kuzey Afrika \u00fclkelerinde odaklan\u0131yordu. \u0130talya ise daha m\u00fctevazi d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131na sahip olup, sadece Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesi ve Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019da baz\u0131 menfaatleri vard\u0131.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Bu Avrupa \u00fclkelerinden hi\u00e7 biri, kendi menfaatleri, ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi veya toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in Rusya taraf\u0131ndan tehdit duymad\u0131.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ayr\u0131ca, son yirmi y\u0131lda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n eski Sovyet Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerine hala \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisinin kalmas\u0131, Rusya'n\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgede \u201cme\u015fru menfaatleri\u201dnin olmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir\u00e7ok Avrupa ba\u015fkentlerini ikna etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00a0Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Paris, Madrid ve Roma, eski SSCB alan\u0131n\u0131 kendi yasal n\u00fcfuz sahas\u0131 olarak kabul eden\u00a0Rusya'n\u0131n\u00a0d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini kavray\u0131p benimsemi\u015fler.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Bu \u00fclkelerin toplumu, s\u00f6zle \u201cme\u015fru menfaatlere\u201d dahil olan yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 K\u0131r\u0131m ilhak\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken, Kremlin\u2019in kan\u0131t olarak g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u201cK\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da her zaman sadece Ruslar\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131\u201dn\u0131 kabul edip, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n sakinlerinin Ukrayna vatanda\u015flar\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131, Ukrayna\u2019da \u201cRus\u00e7a konu\u015fma\u201dn\u0131n \u201cRus tarafl\u0131 olma\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fini g\u00f6rmezden gelmi\u015fler.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00d6zellikle Madrid\u2019in olumsuz tepkisini hesaba katarsak, bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkenin y\u00f6netiminin ilhak\u0131 kabul ettikleri anlam\u0131na gelmez. Daha \u00e7ok s\u00f6zs\u00fcz onaydan bahsedebiliriz.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Bir ortak \u00f6zellik daha \u2013 farkl\u0131 fakt\u00f6rlerden do\u011fmu\u015f olsa da, bahsedilen \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131k e\u011filimleri mevcuttur.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u015e\u00f6yle ki, \u0130talya ve Fransa\u2019da bu e\u011filimler,\u00a0 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc solcular ve \u201cKuzey Ligi\u201d ve \u201cUlusal Cephe\u201d gibi yeni ultra-sa\u011fc\u0131 partiler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturuluyor, \u0130spanya\u2019da ise XIX.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131nda ABD lehine kaybedilen K\u00fcba halen hat\u0131rlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Rusya\u2019ya sad\u0131k kalan bu \u00fclkelerin devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n destekledikleri antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131nda, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131k e\u011filimleri, \u00a0tek kutupluluktan, ABD etkisinden kurtulup, s\u00f6zle ABD\u2019nin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 kaosu bitirme iste\u011fine dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Rusya\u2019n\u0131n antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131k anlat\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, s\u0131k s\u0131k ABD\u2019ye yap\u0131lan muhalefet, Moskova\u2019ya verilen deste\u011fi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u201cD\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 dostumdur\u201d inanc\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r, fakat baz\u0131 Bat\u0131 Avrupa elitlerinin \u201cEuromaidan\u201d\u0131 Ukrayna toplumunun samimi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tepkisi oldu\u011funu anlamalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131nda ultra-sa\u011f ve sol partilerin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa septisizminin, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede muhafazakar e\u011filimlerinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Putin\u2019in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc liderlik \u00f6zellikleri\u00a0 yan\u0131nda Avrupa politikac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda lider eksikli\u011fi ile a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliriz.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Avrupa ultra-sa\u011fc\u0131 partilerinin Putin\u2019in muhafazakar mesajlar\u0131na (\u00f6zellikle milliyet\u00e7i ve homofobi) destek vermeleri, solcu partilerinin antiamerikanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kap\u0131lmas\u0131, do\u011frudan Ukrayna\u2019yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmasa da fiilen Rusya\u2019n\u0131n politikas\u0131n\u0131 onaylamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in olumlu temel olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Finansal fakt\u00f6r<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Finans konusu AB \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olup, kendileri de Rusya\u2019ya uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlardan zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u015eimdi zararlar\u0131n\u0131 tam hesaplayamazsak ta, \u00f6n de\u011ferlendirmelere g\u00f6re milyarlar Euro s\u00f6z konusudur. En a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck mutlak g\u00f6stergelerde Almanya\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015fmekte, n\u00fcfus ba\u015f\u0131na hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Litvanya\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu y\u00fczden baz\u0131 AB \u00fclkelerinin yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in anla\u015fmak istedikleri anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015fey.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Fransa ve \u0130talya (daha az \u0130spanya), Rusya'n\u0131n \u00f6nemli ekonomik ortaklar\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcm bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere \u00f6nceden yap\u0131lan ticari anla\u015fmalar etkilemektedir. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya iki adet \u201cMistral\u201d tipi geminin sat\u0131\u015f kontrat\u0131, \u00e7ok karl\u0131 bir i\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden Paris, Rusya sard\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcn\u00fc geciktirdi. Hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m ki, AB Davran\u0131\u015f Yasas\u0131nda silahlar\u0131n ihracat\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u201cpotansiyel al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n silahlar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeye kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 yapma veya toprak isteklerini g\u00fc\u00e7le savunma amac\u0131yla kullanabilme riski mevcutsa \u00fcye devletler ihracat ruhsat\u0131n\u0131 vermezler\u201d maddesi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Hen\u00fcz alenen onaylanmam\u0131\u015f, ancak D\u00fcnya Politikas\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kendi kaynaklar\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi bir ba\u015fka olay daha \u2013 son aylarda \u201cGazprom\u201d \u0130talya\u2019ya %10 gaz indirimini teklif etmi\u015f, \u201cal veya \u00f6de\u201d prensibini de iptal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Rusya ile yap\u0131lan i\u015flerin ba\u015fka boyutu da vard\u0131r. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u201cUlusal Cephe\u201d (Fransa), \u201cForza Italia\u201d ve \u201cKuzey Ligi\u201d (\u0130talya), \u201cBirle\u015fmi\u015f Solcular\u201d ve \u201cPodemos\u201d (\u0130spanya) siyasi partilerle ili\u015fkileri \u00e7ok \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu partilerin kendi \u00fclkelerinde etkisi y\u00fckselirken, Rusya menfaatlerine lobicilik yapma olanaklar\u0131 da y\u00fckseliyor.Yak\u0131n zamanda \u0130lk \u00c7ek-Rus Bankas\u0131ndan 11 milyon dolar kredi alan \u201cUlusal Cephe\u201d partisiyle meydana \u00e7\u0131kan skandal ve Salvini\u2019nin \u201cKuzey Ligi\u201dnin de Ruslar\u0131n paras\u0131n\u0131 bor\u00e7 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheleri, bu partilerin g\u00fctt\u00fckleri ama\u00e7lar\u00a0 bir \u00e7ok soru ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Ayr\u0131ca, baz\u0131 medyalar\u0131n Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131klar\u0131 konusu endi\u015fe uyand\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/strong> Fransa, \u0130spanya ve \u0130talya\u2019daki uzmanlar\u0131n Ukrayna hakk\u0131nda objektif bilgileri verdiklerine ra\u011fmen \u00f6zellikle \u0130talya\u2019daki \u00e7o\u011fu medya, haberlerini Kremlin\u2019e uyan TACC veya R\u0130A \u201cNovosti\u201d gibi Rus haber ajanslar\u0131ndan almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><em>Yazar:<\/em><\/strong><em>\u00a0<strong>Leonid Litra,\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/iwp.org.ua\/ukr\/\"><strong><em>D\u00fcnya Politikas\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/a><strong><em>analisti<\/em><\/strong><\/p>","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":757,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275\/revisions\/757"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}