{"id":4324,"date":"2025-07-21T04:25:27","date_gmt":"2025-07-21T04:25:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/?p=4324"},"modified":"2025-07-21T11:53:24","modified_gmt":"2025-07-21T11:53:24","slug":"rus-sirket-yapilari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informnapalm.org\/tr\/rus-sirket-yapilari\/","title":{"rendered":"Rus i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7ici b\u00f6lgelerdeki \u015firket yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve finansman kanallar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cyberstorm 256<\/a>, Rus bakanl\u0131klar\u0131ndan elde edilen yaz\u0131\u015fmalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015firket yap\u0131s\u0131 ve ekonomik manip\u00fclasyon sistemini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu sistem, Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerindeki s\u00f6zde \u00f6zel altyap\u0131 projesiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Sistem, yeniden in\u015fa bahanesiyle gizli b\u00fct\u00e7e transferlerine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Hacktivistler, \u00f6zel altyap\u0131 projesine kat\u0131lan yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 Rus \u015firketinin gizli bir listesine eri\u015fti. Bu proje, yeniden in\u015fa kisvesi alt\u0131nda Rus b\u00fct\u00e7e fonlar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130nformNapalm<\/a> bu verileri analiz etti ve dikkat \u00e7ekici projelerin ard\u0131nda karma\u015f\u0131k bir y\u00fcklenici ve ge\u00e7ici \u015firket a\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu tespit etti. Ama\u00e7, yaln\u0131zca milyarlarca ruble ele ge\u00e7irmek de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ger\u00e7ek yararlan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 gizlemektir. Bunlar genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck Rus ekonomik akt\u00f6rlerdir. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu, uluslararas\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekici bir \u015fekilde atlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rus \u00f6zel altyap\u0131 projesinin amac\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

2022\u2019deki geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 i\u015fgalden bu yana, Rus yetkililer s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 idari kontrol uygular. \u0130\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgeler federal sisteme entegre de\u011fildir. Bu, y\u00f6netimi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck Rus \u015firketleri, yapt\u0131r\u0131m riskleri nedeniyle bu b\u00f6lgelerde faaliyet g\u00f6stermekten ka\u00e7\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da daha \u00f6nce test edilmi\u015f bir modelin uygulanmas\u0131yd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00e7e fonlar\u0131, y\u00fckleniciler ve ge\u00e7ici \u015firketlerden olu\u015fan bir a\u011f \u00fczerinden y\u00f6nlendirilir. B\u00f6ylece ger\u00e7ek akt\u00f6rler gizlenir ve ekonomik kazan\u00e7lar elde edilir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki yeniden in\u015fa ve ekonomik ger\u00e7eklik<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Ger\u00e7ekte, ekonomik bir mucize ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. Rus b\u00fct\u00e7esinden sa\u011flanan t\u00fcm fonlar, Rus \u015firketleri aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Projeler i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7iler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Rusya\u2019dan i\u015fe al\u0131n\u0131r ve bu i\u015f\u00e7iler maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yerel olarak harcar. Ancak i\u015fverenleri, yerel b\u00fct\u00e7elere yaln\u0131zca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck vergiler \u00f6der, bu da ekonomik faaliyet yan\u0131lsamas\u0131 yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu sistem, Rus devlet b\u00fct\u00e7esinden politik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 olan \u015firketlere fon ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flayan kapal\u0131 bir ekonomik d\u00f6ng\u00fc olu\u015fturur. \u0130\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgeler, propaganda anlat\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir sahne olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ici olarak i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerin y\u00f6netimi ve finansman\u0131ndaki zorluklar<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

2022 i\u015fgalinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, i\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgelerin nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilece\u011fi sorusu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ulusal Direni\u015f Merkezi\u2019ne (UDM<\/a>) g\u00f6re, bu b\u00f6lgeler 2025 ortas\u0131na kadar Rusya\u2019n\u0131n idari ve mali sistemlerine entegre de\u011fildir. Bu, b\u00f6lgelerin etkin y\u00f6netiminde kal\u0131c\u0131 zorluklar yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir di\u011fer zorluk, b\u00fcy\u00fck Rus31 b\u00fcy\u00fck Rus \u015firketlerinin i\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgelerin geli\u015fiminde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 do\u011frudan kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, geni\u015fletilmi\u015f yapt\u0131r\u0131m riskleri ve aktif d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131n sona ermesinden sonra Bat\u0131 ile normal i\u015f ili\u015fkilerine d\u00f6nme umuduyla ilgilidir. 2022\u2019den sonra Rusya, 2014\u2019te i\u015fgal edilen K\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen bir modeli uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu model, i\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgelerin Rus standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re kademeli olarak idari entegrasyonunu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr; bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da hen\u00fcz tamamlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anonimlik ve ekonomik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m mekanizmalar\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Ge\u00e7ici olarak i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerde faaliyet g\u00f6steren Rus \u015firketlere anonimlik sa\u011flan\u0131r. Bu, gizli devlet s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri yoluyla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131r. Alternatif olarak, \u015firketler ana \u015firketlerle do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olmayan ayr\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015filer olu\u015fturmaya te\u015fvik edilir.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek bir ekonomik iyile\u015fme, i\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgelerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. T\u00fcm fonlar Rus t\u00fczel ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rken, projeler i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7iler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Rusya\u2019dan i\u015fe al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in May\u0131s 2022\u2019de Rus \u0130n\u015faat Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde \u00f6zel bir altyap\u0131 projesinin uygulanmas\u0131ndan sorumlu bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm kuruldu.<\/p>\n

\"Rus<\/p>\n

Hacktivistlerden elde edilen \u015firket listeleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00d6zel altyap\u0131 projesi, Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f b\u00f6lgeleri i\u00e7in maksimum anonimlikle fon da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi sunar. Devlet altyap\u0131 projesi hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k bir raporlama mevcut de\u011fildir ve kat\u0131lan \u015firketlerin belirli bir listesi yay\u0131mlanmaz. Y\u00fckleniciler ve alt y\u00fcklenicilere ili\u015fkin bilgiler Cyberstorm 256 ve InformNapalm taraf\u0131ndan elde edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgelerde devlet yat\u0131r\u0131m programlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 bakanl\u0131kta b\u00f6l\u00fcmler olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur, sadece \u0130n\u015faat Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil. Rus i\u015f platformu RBK<\/a>\u2019ya g\u00f6re, 2022 sonundan bu yana en az alt\u0131 devlet organ\u0131 ve 55 Rus b\u00f6lgesi, Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in m\u00fc\u015fteri olarak g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda \u0130n\u015faat Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Enerji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015filer, devlet \u015firketi Avtodor ve B\u00f6lgesel Kalk\u0131nma Fonu bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rus yetkililer, g\u00f6revlendirilen y\u00fcklenicilerin ve alt y\u00fcklenicilerin isimlerinin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm maliyetler 2022\u2019de Rus devlet b\u00fct\u00e7esindeki gizli kalemler \u00fczerinden i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgelerdeki iki Rus \u015firket listesi<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Bug\u00fcn iki liste yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lki, Kas\u0131m 2022\u2019de derlenen ve Rus \u0130n\u015faat Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in onaylanan \u015firketleri i\u00e7erir. \u0130kincisi, Eyl\u00fcl 2024\u2019te derlenen ve B\u00f6lgesel Kalk\u0131nma Fonu\u2019nun alt y\u00fcklenicilerini listeler.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk liste, Rus \u0130n\u015faat Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Birinci Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Aleksander Lomakin\u2019in, devlet yat\u0131r\u0131m programlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yeniden in\u015fa ve in\u015faat i\u00e7in onaylanan kurulu\u015flara hitaben yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mektuptan olu\u015fur. \u015eirketlerden, projelerde kullan\u0131labilecek i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00f6zel ekipmanlar\u0131n belirtilmesi istenmi\u015ftir. Mektup, isimleri belirtilen 99 \u015firkete e-posta adresleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir (PDF<\/a> belgesi).<\/p>\n

\"Rus<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci liste, B\u00f6lgesel Kalk\u0131nma Fonu ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ve Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinde devlet yat\u0131r\u0131m program\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fcten y\u00fcklenicileri i\u00e7erir. Mektup, \u0130n\u015faat Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Valeri Leonov taraf\u0131ndan imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eirketlerden, 1 Ekim 2024\u2019e kadar i\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgelerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler hakk\u0131nda raporlama i\u00e7in otomatik bir sisteme kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 istenmi\u015ftir. Talep, isimleri belirtilen 111 \u015firkete e-posta adresleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir (PDF<\/a> belgesi).<\/p>\n

\"Rus<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgelerdeki b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fckleniciler belgelerle haritaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Her iki listenin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, minimum \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fma oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Her iki belgede de tekrarlanan be\u015f \u015firket ismi VTK, NITs PS, Strojputizyskaniya, Transprojekt ve Interline Engineering\u2019dir. \u0130kinci listede ayr\u0131ca \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmayan, sadece belgenin sonunda belirtilen on bir Rus kurumu (bakanl\u0131klar, fonlar ve \u00f6zerk kurulu\u015flar) yer al\u0131r. Toplamda, Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren 194 \u015firket tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u015firketlerin \u00e7o\u011fu kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gizler ve yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara tabidir.<\/p>\n

Daha yak\u0131ndan incelendi\u011finde, ikinci listenin (B\u00f6lgesel Kalk\u0131nma Fonu i\u00e7in y\u00fckleniciler) ilk listeye k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler i\u00e7erdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunlardan en az d\u00f6rd\u00fc, Rus Ekonomi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sistemik \u00f6neme sahip \u015firketler listesinde yer al\u0131r: VAD, Avtodor-Ingeniring, DSK ve Rostelekom.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgelerdeki \u015firket faaliyetlerini gizleme y\u00f6ntemleri<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

B\u00f6lgesel Kalk\u0131nma Fonu i\u00e7in y\u00fckleniciler listesinde 67 numarada R-Stroj \u015firketi yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Rus<\/p>\n

R-Stroj, zaten bilinen bir \u015firkettir. \u015eubat 2024\u2019te Financial Times\u2019\u0131n \u201cMariupol\u2019un \u0130\u00e7inde \u2013 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Yeni Potemkin Kenti\u201d adl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda bahsedildi. Burada, \u015firketin asl\u0131nda hem ABD hem de Almanya\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6steren oligark Aleksey Repik\u2019e ait oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ancak Repik, \u015firketle herhangi bir ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 reddetti ve \u015firket, i\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgelerdeki faaliyetlerini kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde bildirmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131. Temmuz ay\u0131nda \u015firketin sosyal a\u011f VK\u2019daki kendi sayfas\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bir i\u015f ilan\u0131nda, yaln\u0131zca i\u015f yerinin Azak Denizi yak\u0131n\u0131nda oldu\u011fu belirtildi. \u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f yerine ta\u015f\u0131nma ve g\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn yemek sunuyor.<\/p>\n

Cyberstorm 256 taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan materyallerle, R-Stroj\u2019un i\u015fgal edilen b\u00f6lgelerdeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in ana y\u00fckleniciler listesinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgelerle do\u011fruland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ukraynal\u0131 hacktivistler ayr\u0131ca, R-Stroj ile Sirius \u015firketi aras\u0131nda, i\u015fgal edilen Makiyivka ve Mariupol \u015fehirlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in alt y\u00fcklenici s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine eri\u015fti:<\/p>\n